Origin of small primary afferent substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the guinea-pig

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Urban ◽  
R.E. Papka
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Small Primary

Innervation pattern of guinea pig pulmonary vasculature depends on vascular diameter

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Haberberger ◽  
Michael Schemann ◽  
Holger Sann ◽  
Wolfgang Kummer
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Pulmonary Trunk ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Innervation Pattern ◽  
Vascular Tree ◽  
Arterial Tree ◽  
Small Arteries

Haberberger, Rainer, Michael Schemann, Holger Sann, and Wolfgang Kummer. Innervation pattern of guinea pig pulmonary vasculature depends on vascular diameter. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 426–434, 1997.—The pulmonary vasculature is supplied by various neurochemically distinct types of nerve fibers, including sensory substance P-containing and autonomic noradrenergic, nitrergic, and cholinergic axons. Pharmacological experiments have suggested that various segments of the pulmonary vascular tree respond differently to the respective neuromediators. We, therefore, aimed to determine histochemically and immunohistochemically for each of these neurochemically distinct perivascular axons their quantitative distribution along the vascular tree from the extrapulmonary trunks to the smallest intraparenchymal ramifications in control guinea pigs ( n = 5). Generally, arterial innervation was more developed than that of veins. Along the arterial tree, noradrenergic and substance P-containing axons were ubiquitous from the pulmonary trunk to smallest intraparenchymal vessels, whereas nitrergic axons were practically restricted to large (>700-μm) extrapulmonary arteries. Cholinergic axons were regularly present at arteries down to 100 μm in diameter and innervated two-thirds of small arteries (50–100 μm). The results demonstrate that the noradrenergic vasoconstrictor innervation extends throughout the pulmonary vascular system whereas the innervation pattern with various types of vasodilator fibers changes with vascular diameter, parallel to known pharmacological differences in cholinergic and nitrergic vasodilator effects.

Allergic inflammation-induced neuropeptide production in rapidly adapting afferent nerves in guinea pig airways

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. L775-L781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen C. Myers ◽  
Radhika Kajekar ◽  
Bradley J. Undem
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
Chemical Coding ◽  
Low Threshold

In the vagal-sensory system, neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are synthesized nearly exclusively in small-diameter nociceptive type C-fiber neurons. By definition, these neurons are designed to respond to noxious or tissue-damaging stimuli. A common feature of visceral inflammation is the elevation in production of sensory neuropeptides. Little is known, however, about the physiological characteristics of vagal sensory neurons induced by inflammation to produce substance P. In the present study, we show that allergic inflammation of guinea pig airways leads to the induction of substance P and CGRP production in large-diameter vagal sensory neurons. Electrophysiological and anatomical evidence reveals that the peripheral terminals of these neurons are low-threshold Aδ mechanosensors that are insensitive to nociceptive stimuli such as capsaicin and bradykinin. Thus inflammation causes a qualitative change in chemical coding of vagal primary afferent neurons. The results support the hypothesis that during an inflammatory reaction, sensory neuropeptide release from primary afferent nerve endings in the periphery and central nervous system does not require noxious or nociceptive stimuli but may also occur simply as a result of stimulation of low-threshold mechanosensors. This may contribute to the heightened reflex physiology and pain that often accompany inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Cerebral Blood Vessels: Distribution and Vasomotor Effects

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Edvinsson ◽  
R. Ekman ◽  
I. Jansen ◽  
J. McCulloch ◽  
R. Uddman
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Cerebral Blood Vessels ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Basilar Arteries

The innervation of cerebral blood vessels by nerve fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the vasomotor effects of this peptide are described for a number of different mammalian species. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were present in the adventitia of cerebral arteries in all species examined (guinea pig, cat, rabbit, rat, and mouse). Numerous perikarya containing CGRP immunoreactivity are demonstrable in the trigeminal ganglion of all species. In the cerebral perivascular nerve fibers and in trigeminal perikarya, CGRP is often colocalized with substance P and neurokinin A. Marked interspecies differences exist both in the density of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers and in the cerebrovascular levels measured with radioimmunoassay. The highest concentrations were observed in cerebral vessels from guinea pigs, the lowest concentration in rabbit vessels, and intermediate levels in the feline and human cerebral vasculature. CGRP is a potent dilator of cerebral arteries in all species examined (human pial, feline middle cerebral, rabbit, guinea pig and rat basilar arteries). The concentration of CGRP eliciting half-maximal responses ranged from 0.4 n M (human pial artery) to 3 n M (rat and rabbit basilar arteries). Pretreatment of cerebral arteries with low concentrations of either substance P (0.1 n M) or neurokinin A (3 n M) attenuated slightly the CGRP-induced relaxations of guinea pig basilar arteries. Calcitonin was found to be a very weak dilator of cerebral arteries from human and guinea pig. Thus, cardiovascular nerve fibers containing CGRP appear to be present in all mammalian species (although to varying degrees) and CGRP is invariably a potent dilator of the cerebral arteries for all species.

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of the Vesicular Component in the Intramural Nervous System of the Guiena-Pig’s intestines

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 622-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Tafuri
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
Unmyelinated Nerve ◽  
And Storage

In the present paper, a systematic study of the vesicular component found in the unmyelinated nerve fibers of the intestinal nervous plexus from the serosa to the mucosa of the guinea pig was carried out. This vesicular component containing dense granules with diameters from 300 to 1100 Å was distinguished from the synaptic vesicles of 100 to 500 A. The distribution of granules and vesicles of the myenteric plexus of the duodenum and colon and extraganglion nervous fibers of the mucosa, submocusa and muscularis was studied. These results suggest that the vesicles can be the site of synthesis and storage of the substance P and 5-hydroxytryptamine.

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