The effects of age on symbol comprehension in central rail hubs in Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Ching Liu ◽  
Chin-Heng Ho
Keyword(s):  
Symbol Comprehension

The Effects of Context on the Comprehension of Graphic Symbols

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Vukelich ◽  
Leslie A. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Context Condition ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Graphic Symbols ◽  
Use Context ◽  
Symbol Comprehension ◽  
Information Comprehension ◽  
Comprehension Accuracy

When graphic symbols are used to convey warning information, these symbols must be evaluated for effectiveness prior to their use. In general, the ability of these symbols to convey their intended meaning has been determined in tests which provide no contextual information surrounding the symbols. In the present study, 75 university students were tested to determine their comprehension of twenty different symbols using various context conditions. Verbal context was provided in two forms: full context and partial context. Full context consisted of a two- sentence description of the setting in which the symbol would be presented. Partial context consisted of a more general, two-word description of the use context. The control condition presented the symbols without contextual information. Comprehension was higher when full context was provided with the symbols than when the symbols were presented in isolation. For some symbols, the full context condition resulted in higher comprehension than the partial context condition and the partial context condition resulted in higher comprehension than the no context condition. Comprehension accuracy was also affected by the subject's familiarity with the symbols. Comprehension was higher for symbols rated high in familiarity than for symbols rated lower in familiarity. On the basis of these findings, a recommendation was made that evaluations should provide some form of contextual information along with the symbols to allow a more realistic test of symbol comprehension.

Traffic sign symbol comprehension: a cross-cultural study

Ergonomics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (15) ◽  
pp. 1549-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Shinar ◽  
Robert E Dewar ◽  
Heikki Summala ◽  
Lidia Zakowska
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Symbol Comprehension

scholarly journals The use of contextual cues to improve warning symbol comprehension: making the connection for older adults

Ergonomics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1264-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary F. Lesch ◽  
W. Ryan Powell ◽  
William J. Horrey ◽  
Michael S. Wogalter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Symbol Comprehension

The Effects of Animation on the Guessability of Universal Healthcare Symbols for Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110609
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Szu-Erh Hsu ◽  
Ding-Hau Huang ◽  
Chia-Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symbol Comprehension ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Better Than

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate whether animation can help to improve the comprehension of universal healthcare symbols for middle-aged and older adults. Background The Hablamos Juntos (HJ) healthcare symbol system is a set of widely used universal healthcare symbols that were developed in the United States. Some studies indicated that HJ healthcare symbols are not well-understood by users in non-English-speaking areas. Other studies found that animations can improve users’ comprehension of complex symbols. Thus, we wanted to test whether animation could help to improve users’ comprehension of HJ symbols. Methods The participants included 40 middle-aged and 40 older adults in Taiwan. We redesigned the 12 HJ symbols into three visual formats—static, basic animation, and detailed animation—and compared them to find which best improved the participants’ guessability scores. Results (1) Middle-aged adults’ comprehension of static and basic animated symbols was significantly better than that of older adults, but there was no significant difference in the guessability scores between the two age groups in terms of detailed animated symbols; (2) In general, both basic animation and detailed animation significantly improved the guessability score, but the effect with detailed animation was significantly greater than that with basic animation; (3) Older women were more receptive to detailed animation and showed better guessing performance. Conclusion Detailed animation contains more details and provides a more complete explanation of the concept of the static symbols, helping to improve the comprehension of HJ symbols for middle-aged and older adult users. Application Our findings provide a reference for the possibility of new style symbol design in the digital and aging era, which can be applied to improve symbol comprehension.

Comprehension Testing of Product Safety Symbols: Lessons Learned

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (17) ◽  
pp. 1020-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine C. Wisniewski ◽  
Judith J. Isaacson ◽  
Steven M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Recruitment Methods ◽  
Statistical Equivalence ◽  
Questionnaire Administration ◽  
Symbol Comprehension ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Practical Guidance

Standards and existing literature provide guidance regarding methodologies for symbol comprehension testing, but practical guidance for the practitioner conducting this type of testing is scarce. This paper shares observations and experiences gained over the course of multiple symbol testing projects. Specifically, the paper addresses pros and cons of written vs. oral questionnaire administration and resulting comprehension scores, sample size and the concept of “statistical equivalence” to ANSI Z535.3 criteria, various participant recruitment methods and interview locations, and the importance of explaining the context in which a symbol appears. The lessons learned and tips provided in this paper begin to fill the information gaps that practitioners encounter when making numerous design, methodological, and practical decisions required for safety symbol comprehension studies.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effects of Speech-Generating Device Display Organization on Symbol Comprehension and Use by Three Children With Developmental Delays

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Barton-Hulsey ◽  
Jane Wegner ◽  
Nancy C. Brady ◽  
Betty H. Bunce ◽  
Rose A. Sevcik
Keyword(s):  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Visual Scene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Communication Assessment ◽  
Speech Generating Device ◽  
Symbol Comprehension ◽  
Communication Needs

Purpose Three children ages 3;6 to 5;3 with developmental and language delays were provided experience with a traditional grid-based display and a contextually organized visual scene display on a speech-generating device to illustrate considerations for practice and future research in augmentative and alternative communication assessment and intervention. Method Twelve symbols were taught in a grid display and visual scene display using aided input during dramatic play routines. Teaching sessions were 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. Symbol comprehension and use was assessed pre and post 3 weeks of experience. Results Comprehension of symbol vocabulary on both displays increased after 3 weeks of experience. Participants 1 and 2 used both displays largely for initiation. Participant 3 had limited expressive use of either display. Conclusions The methods used in this study demonstrate one way to inform individual differences in learning and preference for speech-generating device displays when making clinical decisions regarding augmentative and alternative communication supports for a child and their family. Future research should systematically examine the role of extant comprehension, symbol experience, functional communication needs, and the role of vocabulary type in the learning and use of grid displays versus visual scene displays.

The Effect of Aided Language Modeling on Symbol Comprehension and Production in 2 Preschoolers With Autism

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn D. R. Drager ◽  
Valerie J. Postal ◽  
Leanne Carrolus ◽  
Megan Castellano ◽  
Christine Gagliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Modeling ◽  
Symbol Comprehension

Symbol Comprehension and Learning

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Beran ◽  
E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh ◽  
Karen E. Brakke ◽  
John W. Kelley ◽  
Duane M. Rumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Symbol Comprehension

Language comprehension in the great apes has been investigated through a variety of paradigms. This experiment employed a match-to-sample computer task to investigate the current language comprehension of three chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) raised in different language environments but with a similar symbol system (lexigrams). Each of these animals still uses the lexigram keyboard system on a daily basis but none of the animals are the focus of ongoing ape language research programs. Six testing conditions were employed utilizing photographs, lexigrams and spoken English. The results indicated that all apes retained knowledge of at least some of the symbols that they had previously learned, and they each learned differing numbers of new lexigrams that were never taught to them. This indicates that rearing history is important not only in initial symbol acquisition in apes, but also in extended recall of the symbols, particularly when those symbols are used infrequently later in life. Differences in the current ages of these apes requires that such a conclusion be made tentatively, and suggests the need to continue the examination of symbol vocabulary size at various times throughout the life of each ape.

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