Age-related differences in decision-making for digital escape route signage under strenuous emergency conditions of tilted passenger ships

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 264-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Th. Kwee-Meier ◽  
Alexander Mertens ◽  
Christopher M. Schlick
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Passenger Ships

Age-Related Differences in Motivational Integration and Cognitive Control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Marianne Yee ◽  
Sarah L Adams ◽  
Asad Beck ◽  
Todd Samuel Braver
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cognitive Task Performance

Motivational incentives play an influential role in value-based decision-making and cognitive control. A compelling hypothesis in the literature suggests that the brain integrates the motivational value of diverse incentives (e.g., motivational integration) into a common currency value signal that influences decision-making and behavior. To investigate whether motivational integration processes change during healthy aging, we tested older (N=44) and younger (N=54) adults in an innovative incentive integration task paradigm that establishes dissociable and additive effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance. The results reveal that motivational incentives improve cognitive task performance in both older and younger adults, providing novel evidence demonstrating that age-related cognitive control deficits can be ameliorated with sufficient incentive motivation. Additional analyses revealed clear age-related differences in motivational integration. Younger adult task performance was modulated by both monetary and liquid incentives, whereas monetary reward effects were more gradual in older adults and more strongly impacted by trial-by-trial performance feedback. A surprising discovery was that older adults shifted attention from liquid valence toward monetary reward throughout task performance, but younger adults shifted attention from monetary reward toward integrating both monetary reward and liquid valence by the end of the task, suggesting differential strategic utilization of incentives. Together these data suggest that older adults may have impairments in incentive integration, and employ different motivational strategies to improve cognitive task performance. The findings suggest potential candidate neural mechanisms that may serve as the locus of age-related change, providing targets for future cognitive neuroscience investigations.

scholarly journals Optimal Installation Location of Escape Route Signs at T-Type Intersections

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7903
Author(s):  
Young-Hoon Bae ◽  
Jong-Yeong Son ◽  
Ryun-Seok Oh ◽  
Hye-Kyoung Lee ◽  
Yoon-Ha Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
University Students ◽  
Simon Effect ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Escape Route ◽  
Emergency Evacuations ◽  
The Right

This study analyzed the decision-making times (DMTs) of participants at T-type indoor intersections according to the horizontal/vertical installation locations and the arrow directions of escape route signs. A total of 120 university students participated in the study. We analyzed the DMTs and following rates (FRs) required for the participants to observe the visual stimuli of the signs installed in front of the T-type indoor intersections and then properly select a path according to the arrow direction of the signs. The results are as follows: (1) the participants exhibited shorter DMTs for the right arrow direction of the signs, (2) the Simon effect occurred when the horizontal installation location of the signs was more than 60 cm away from the center of the T-type indoor intersection on both sides, (3) the DMTs of participants increased when the vertical installation location of the signs was low. Finally, we proposed an optimal installation location of the signs to support the shortest DMTs at T-type indoor intersections. It is expected that the results of this study will provide a database of DMTs, based on the locations of the signs during emergency evacuations, and will be utilized to improve the installation guidelines and regulations of signs.

The Age-related Neural Strategy Alterations in Decision Making Under Risk

Neuroscience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 440 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Xue-rui Peng ◽  
Xu Lei ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Reconciling age-related changes in behavioural and neural indices of human perceptual decision-making

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 955-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. McGovern ◽  
Aoife Hayes ◽  
Simon P. Kelly ◽  
Redmond G. O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Perceptual decision-making in children: Age-related differences and EEG correlates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Manning ◽  
Eric-Jan Wagenmakers ◽  
Anthony Norcia ◽  
Gaia Scerif ◽  
Udo Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Diffusion Models ◽  
Perceptual Task ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Boundary Separation ◽  
Age Related

Children make faster and more accurate decisions about perceptual information as they get older, but it is unclear how different aspects of the decision-making process change with age. Here, we used hierarchical Bayesian diffusion models to decompose performance in a perceptual task into separate processing components, testing age-related differences in model parameters and links to neural data. We collected behavioural and EEG data from 96 six- to twelve-year-olds and 20 adults completing a motion discrimination task. We used a component decomposition technique to identify two response-locked EEG components with ramping activity preceding the response in children and adults: one with activity that was maximal over centro-parietal electrodes and one that was maximal over occipital electrodes. Younger children had lower drift rates (reduced sensitivity), wider boundary separation (increased response caution) and longer non-decision times than older children and adults. Yet model comparisons suggested that the best model of children’s data included age effects only on drift rate and boundary separation (not non-decision time). Next we extracted the slope of ramping activity in our EEG components and covaried these with drift rate. The slopes of both EEG components related positively to drift rate, but the best model with EEG covariates included only the centro-parietal component. By decomposing performance into distinct components and relating them to neural markers, diffusion models have the potential to identify the reasons why children with developmental conditions perform differently to typically developing children - and to uncover processing differences inapparent in the response time and accuracy data alone.

The benefits and barriers to technology acquisition: Understanding the decision-making processes of older adults with age-related vision loss (ARVL)

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen McGrath ◽  
Arlene Astell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Technology Acquisition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Barriers To Technology

Introduction While research has investigated the factors influencing acquisition and use of technologies/assistive devices by older adults, few studies have addressed the decision-making processes regarding technology adoption of older adults with age-related vision loss. Method This critical ethnography engaged 10 older adults with age-related vision loss in narrative interviews, participant observation sessions, and semi-structured in-depth interviews to understand their decision-making processes related to the acquisition and use of low vision assistive devices to support occupational engagement. Findings Study findings focused on the benefits and barriers to technology acquisition and use. Benefits of technology acquisition included: enhanced occupational engagement; independence; safety; insurance; and validation of the disability, while the barriers to technology acquisition included: cost; training; usability; lack of awareness of low vision rehabilitation services; fear of being taken advantage of; and desire to preserve a preferred self-image. Conclusion Considering the low uptake of vision rehabilitation services, the study findings are important to occupational therapy. A better understanding of the perceived benefits and barriers to technology adoption from the perspective of older adults will help occupational therapists maximize treatment planning designed to enhance the occupational engagement of older adults aging with vision loss.

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