Sustained Low-Grade Pro-inflammatory State in Unmedicated, Remitted Women with Major Depressive Disorder as Evidenced by Elevated Serum Levels of the Acute Phase Proteins C-reactive Protein and Serum Amyloid A

C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are acute-phase proteins mainly synthesized by the liver in response to some cytokines. They are potentially useful to diagnosing infection and monitoring different clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to measure SAA and CRP in maternal and cord blood during and after delivery and try to correlate these proteins with tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin -1β, and interleukin-8. Acute-phase proteins and cytokines were measured by ELISA in 24 healthy pregnant women undergoing vaginal delivery or Cesarean section. Cord blood samples in addition to maternal blood were collected. SAA and CRP reached the maximum maternal serum levels 24 hours after delivery, while cytokines remained constant over time. SAA and CRP were significantly higher in maternal serum than in newborn's (P<.001) at the moment of delivery. SAA and CRP, regardless of the type of delivery, reproduce the common pattern observed in most inflammatory conditions. Proinflammatory cytokine serum levels do not mirror the increase in SAA and CRP levels.

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Serum Amyloid a Protein and C-Reactive Protein — a Comparison of Serum Levels in Cancer and Non-Malignant Disease

Protides of the Biological Fluids ◽

10.1016/b978-0-08-030764-0.50085-9 ◽

1984 ◽

pp. 375-378

Author(s):

J.G. RAYNES ◽

E.H. COOPER

Keyword(s):

Malignant Disease ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Protein A ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid A Protein

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The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0239 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 2199-2207

Author(s):

Mark B. Pepys

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Response ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Phase Response ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

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Abstract B87: Acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein and Serum Amyloid A) and post-diagnosis mammographic density in breast cancer survivors

Cancer Prevention Research ◽

10.1158/1940-6207.prev-12-b87 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (11 Supplement) ◽

pp. B87-B87

Author(s):

Anne Dee ◽

Roberta McKean-Cowdin ◽

Anne McTiernan ◽

Richard N. Baumgartner ◽

Kathy B. Baumgartner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Survivors ◽

Mammographic Density ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Breast Cancer Survivors ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A

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Properties of four acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid a protein, α1-acid glycoprotein, and fibrinogen

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism ◽

10.1016/0049-0172(90)90055-k ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 129-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

Duane R. Schultz ◽

Patricia I. Arnold

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Acid Glycoprotein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Serum Amyloid A Protein ◽

Protein Serum

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The sphingomyelin–ceramide pathway participates in cytokine regulation of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A, but not α-fibrinogen

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj3280271 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 328 (1) ◽

pp. 271-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gerard LOZANSKI ◽

Franck BERTHIER ◽

Irving KUSHNER

Keyword(s):

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Hepatoma Cell ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Hepatoma Cell Line ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Human Hepatoma Cell ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A

Maximal induction of the acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B requires the combination of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1. In contrast, IL-1 inhibits fibrinogen induction by IL-6. To explore the possible participation of the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway in the transduction of cytokine effects, the role of this pathway in expression of CRP, SAA and α-fibrinogen was investigated. The cell-permeable ceramide analogues C2 and C6 each greatly potentiated induction of both CRP and SAA mRNA by IL-6+IL-1β but did not affect the responses of α-fibrinogen to IL-6 or to IL-6+IL-1β. The combination of IL-6+IL-1β led to increased turnover of sphingomyelin in Hep3B cells. D609, an inhibitor of ceramide production by acidic but not neutral sphingomyelinases, substantially inhibited induction of CRP and SAA by IL-6+IL-1β. The ability of C2 and C6 to potentiate the effects of cytokines suggests that the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway participates in induction of CRP and SAA by IL-6+IL-1β under these experimental conditions, most likely by transducing the effects of IL-1β. C2 and C6 were unable to substitute for IL-1β in enhancing IL-6 effects on CRP and SAA, consistent with other reports indicating that the sphingomyelin-ceramide pathway is only a single component of multiple necessary converging pathways for induction of many genes. In contrast, this pathway does not appear to participate in mediating the inhibitory effects of IL-1β on fibrinogen induction by IL-6.

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Does Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation Change Tumor Markers Levels in Patients on Hemodialysis?

Folia Medica ◽

10.3897/folmed.62.e51457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 838-842

Author(s):

Gilmar Pereira Silva ◽

Vítor Pereira Xavier Grangeiro ◽

Carmelita Félix Dantas de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Tumor Markers ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Low Grade ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The University

Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are known to have a high risk of developing cancer-related inflammation. Elevated serum levels of tumor markers in ESRD/hemodialysis patients makes analysis and interpretation difficult.  Aim: To verify the possible relationship between chronic low-grade systemic inflammation serum levels determined by C-reactive protein (CRP) and the tumor biomarkers in patients on hemodialysis.  Materials and methods: A prospective study of prevalence was conducted in the Hemodialysis Sector of the University Hospital of the University of Brasília between July 2016 and December 2016 in men aged 18 to 60 years without clinically detectable cancer. We assessed inflammation by serum high-sensitivity CRP test (hs-CRP) and serum tumor in the case groups and controls. The hemodialysis group was split into two subgroups: group 1: patients with inflammation (CRP > 5 mg/L, n=27), and group 2: patients without inflam-mation (CRP ≤5 mg/L, n=33). Results: There was no significant difference in age mean levels between case groups and controls (44.00±08.00 vs. 41.00±07.00, p=0.08). There was no difference or correlation (p>0.05) between tumor markers levels and patients with and without inflammation.  Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation defined by C-reactive protein serum levels does not promote elevated serum PSA levels in chronic hemodialysis patients.

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The Acute-Phase Proteins Serum Amyloid A and C Reactive Protein in Transudates and Exudates

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/mi/2006/47297 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 2006 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alessandra M. Okino ◽

Cristiani Bürger ◽

Jefferson R. Cardoso ◽

Edson L. Lavado ◽

Paulo A. Lotufo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Protein Serum ◽

Serum Ratio

The distinction between exudates and transudates is very important in the patient management. Here we evaluate whether the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), in comparison with C reactive protein (CRP) and total protein (TP), can be useful in this discrimination. CRP, SAA, and TP were determined in 36 exudate samples (27 pleural and 9 ascitic) and in 12 transudates (9 pleural and 3 ascitic). CRP, SAA, and TP were measured. SAA present in the exudate corresponded to10%of the amount found in serum, that is, the exudate/serum ratio (E/S) was0.10±0.13. For comparison, the exudate/serum ratio for CRP and TP was0.39±0.37and0.68±0.15, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between serum and exudate SAA concentration (r=0.764;p<0.0001). The concentration of SAA in transudates was low and did not overlap with that found in exudates (0.02-0.21 versus 0.8–360.5 g/mL). SAA in pleural and ascitic exudates results mainly from leakage of the serum protein via the inflamed membrane. A comparison of the E/S ratio of SAA and CRP points SAA as a very good marker in discriminating between exudates and transudates

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Changes in Acute-Phase Proteins in Plasma during the Periparturient Period of Dairy Goats

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8120311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Fangyuan Zeng ◽

Bingyu Shen ◽

Yang Yuan ◽

Yezi Kong ◽

Panpan Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Blood Calcium ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Periparturient Period

The present study was conducted regarding four acute-phase proteins (APPs) including C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (HP) in dairy goats during the periparturient period. The aim of this study was to detect the changes in APPs in plasma during the periparturient period of healthy dairy goats. Guanzhong dairy goats with no other symptoms (n = 15) were selected on the basis of their blood calcium (Ca) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration. The plasma was collected once a week for ±3 weeks delivery. The concentrations of the four APPs mentioned above were determined using goat-specific ELISA kits. The results showed the CRP level in plasma decreased from 3 weeks to 1 week antepartum and increased later until 1 week postpartum and then decreased to a similar level with antepartum between 1 and 3 weeks postpartum. The content of CP showed a decline in 3 weeks before parturition and an upward trend between 1 week antepartum and 3 weeks postpartum. The SAA concentration decreased from 3 weeks antepartum to 2 weeks postpartum and rebounded later. The level of HP decreased during 3 weeks before parturition and increased until 1 week postpartum, then reached a stable value. Clear variation range and rules of APPs contribute to perinatal health monitoring of dairy goats.

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