Hydrogen crossover in proton exchange membrane electrolysers: the effect of current density, pressure, temperature, and compression

2021 ◽  
pp. 138085
Author(s):  
Reza Omrani ◽  
Bahman Shabani
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hydrogen Crossover ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The Effect of Inlet Parameters on Fluid Flow and Cell Performance at Cathode of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utku Gulan ◽  
Hasmet Turkoglu ◽  
Irfan Ar
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Catalyst Layer ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Oxygen Mole Fraction

In this study, the fluid flow and cell performance in cathode side of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell were numerically analyzed. The problem domain consists of cathode gas channel, cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode catalyst layer. The equations governing the motion of air, concentration of oxygen, and electrochemical reactions were numerically solved. A computer program was developed based on control volume method and SIMPLE algorithm. The mathematical model and program developed were tested by comparing the results of numerical simulations with the results from literature. Simulations were performed for different values of inlet Reynolds number and inlet oxygen mole fraction at different operation temperatures. Using the results of these simulations, the effects of these parameters on the flow, oxygen concentration distribution, current density and power density were analyzed. The simulations showed that the oxygen concentration in the catalyst layer increases with increasing Reynolds number and hence the current density and power density of the PEM fuel cell also increases. Analysis of the data obtained from simulations also shows that current density and power density of the PEM fuel cell increases with increasing operation temperature. It is also observed that increasing the inlet oxygen mole fraction increases the current density and power density.

Two-Phase Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Wang ◽  
Z. H. Wang ◽  
Y. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Threshold Current ◽  
Threshold Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Air Cathode ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Abstract Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have emerged, in the last decade, as a viable technology for power generation and energy conversion. Fuel cell (FC) engines for vehicular applications possess many attributes such as high fuel efficiency, low emission, quiet and low temperature operation, and modularity. An important phenomenon limiting fuel cell performance is the two-phase flow and transport of fuel and oxidant from flow channels to reaction sites. In this paper a mathematical model is presented to study the two-phase flow dynamics, multi-component transport and electrochemical kinetics in the air cathode, the most important component of the hydrogen PEM fuel cell. A major feature of the present model is that it unifies single- and two-phase analyses for low and high current densities, respectively, and it is capable of predicting the threshold current density corresponding to the onset of liquid water formation in the air cathode. A numerical study based on the finite volume method is then undertaken to calculate the detailed distributions of local current density, oxygen concentration, water vapor concentration and liquid water saturation as well as their effects on the cell polarization curve. The simulated polarization curve and predicted threshold current density corresponding to the onset of liquid water formation for a single-channel, 5cm2 fuel cell compare favorably with experimental results. Quantitative comparisons with experiments presently being conducted at our laboratory will be reported in a forthcoming paper.

Experimental Investigation of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Using Different Serpentine Flow Channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 461-465
Author(s):  
Matha Prasad Adari ◽  
P. Lavanya ◽  
P. Hara Gopal ◽  
T.Praveen Sagar ◽  
S. Pavani
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Bipolar Plates ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Serpentine Flow Field ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Effective Distribution

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is an advanced power system for the future that is sustainable, clean and environmental friendly. The flow channels present in bipolar plates of a PEMFC are responsible for the effective distribution of the reactant gases. Uneven distribution of the reactants can cause variations in current density, temperature, and water content over the area of a PEMFC, thus reducing the performance of PEMFC. By using Serpentine flow field channel, the performance is increased. Two types of serpentine flow field channels are implemented such as curved serpentine flow field channel and normal serpentine flow field channels. The result shows that curved serpentine flow field channel gives better current density and power density, thus increasing the performance of PEMFC.

scholarly journals Faraday’s Efficiency Modeling of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Based on Experimental Data

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burin Yodwong ◽  
Damien Guilbert ◽  
Matheepot Phattanasak ◽  
Wattana Kaewmanee ◽  
Melika Hinaje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Pem Electrolyzer ◽  
Hydrogen Crossover ◽  
Exchange Membrane

In electrolyzers, Faraday’s efficiency is a relevant parameter to assess the amount of hydrogen generated according to the input energy and energy efficiency. Faraday’s efficiency expresses the faradaic losses due to the gas crossover current. The thickness of the membrane and operating conditions (i.e., temperature, gas pressure) may affect the Faraday’s efficiency. The developed models in the literature are mainly focused on alkaline electrolyzers and based on the current and temperature change. However, the modeling of the effect of gas pressure on Faraday’s efficiency remains a major concern. In proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, the thickness of the used membranes is very thin, enabling decreasing ohmic losses and the membrane to operate at high pressure because of its high mechanical resistance. Nowadays, high-pressure hydrogen production is mandatory to make its storage easier and to avoid the use of an external compressor. However, when increasing the hydrogen pressure, the hydrogen crossover currents rise, particularly at low current densities. Therefore, faradaic losses due to the hydrogen crossover increase. In this article, experiments are performed on a commercial PEM electrolyzer to investigate Faraday’s efficiency based on the current and hydrogen pressure change. The obtained results have allowed modeling the effects of Faraday’s efficiency by a simple empirical model valid for the studied PEM electrolyzer stack. The comparison between the experiments and the model shows very good accuracy in replicating Faraday’s efficiency.

A Dynamic Model of PEMFC System for the Simulation of Residential Power Generation

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yu ◽  
J. Han ◽  
S. M. Lee ◽  
Y. D. Lee ◽  
K. Y. Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Operating Strategy ◽  
Turbo Blower ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system of residential power generator (RPG) has a different operating strategy from the PEMFC system of transportation application because of its environmental difference. In this study, a dynamic simulation model of the PEMFC system is introduced, which has a model for a turbo blower, a membrane humidifier, two cooling circuits, and a PEMFC stack. The thermal efficiency of the PEMFC system for the RPG is very high because it supplies the electricity and hot water to the house. This study is designed to study the dynamic response of individual components during the dynamic change of current density. In particular, since the operation of the turbo blower is very sensitive at low current density, the parasitic power consumption of the blower is significant. Additionally, the system performance and the operating strategy are also presented.

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