Goal equivalent manifold analysis of task performance in non-specific LBP and healthy subjects during repetitive trunk movement: Effect of load, velocity, symmetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Chehrehrazi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sanjari ◽  
Hamid Reza Mokhtarinia ◽  
Ali Ashraf Jamshidi ◽  
Nader Maroufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Trunk Movement ◽  
Movement Effect ◽  
Goal Equivalent Manifold

scholarly journals The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Weiss Lucas ◽  
Julia Pieczewski ◽  
Sophia Kochs ◽  
Charlotte Nettekoven ◽  
Christian Grefkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Language Mapping ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Open Set

Language assessment using a picture naming task crucially relies on the interpretation of the given verbal response by the rater. To avoid misinterpretations, a language-specific and linguistically controlled set of unambiguous, clearly identifiable and common object–word pairs is mandatory. We, here, set out to provide an open-source set of black and white object drawings, particularly suited for language mapping and monitoring, e.g., during awake brain tumour surgery or transcranial magnetic stimulation, in German language. A refined set of 100 black and white drawings was tested in two consecutive runs of randomised picture order and was analysed in respect of correct, prompt, and reliable object recognition and naming in a series of 132 healthy subjects between 18 and 84 years (median 25 years, 64% females) and a clinical pilot cohort of 10 brain tumour patients (median age 47 years, 80% males). The influence of important word- and subject-related factors on task performance and reliability was investigated. Overall, across both healthy subjects and patients, excellent correct object naming rates (97 vs. 96%) as well as high reliability coefficients (Goodman–Kruskal's gamma = 0.95 vs. 0.86) were found. However, the analysis of variance revealed a significant, overall negative effect of low word frequency (p < 0.05) and high age (p < 0.0001) on task performance whereas the effect of a low educational level was only evident for the subgroup of 72 or more years of age (p < 0.05). Moreover, a small learning effect was observed across the two runs of the test (p < 0.001). In summary, this study provides an overall robust and reliable picture naming tool, optimised for the clinical use to map and monitor language functions in patients. However, individual familiarisation before the clinical use remains advisable, especially for subjects that are comparatively prone to spontaneous picture naming errors such as older subjects of low educational level and patients with clinically apparent word finding difficulties.

scholarly journals Performance, Movement, Posture, and Perceived Discomfort in Active vs. Static Seating

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1154-1158
Author(s):  
Jeremy D. Faulk ◽  
Cameron C. McKee ◽  
Heather Bazille ◽  
Michael Brigham ◽  
Jasmine Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trunk Movement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Static Conditions

Active seating designs may enable users to move more frequently, thereby decreasing physiological risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle. In this preliminary study, two active seating designs (QOR360, Ariel; QOR360, Newton) were compared to a static chair (Herman Miller, Aeron) to understand how active vs. static seating may affect task performance, movement, posture, and perceived discomfort. This within-subjects experiment involved n = 11 student participants who sat upon each of the three chairs for 20 minutes while performing a series of computer-based tasks. Participants showed increased trunk movement while also reporting higher levels of perceived discomfort in the two active chair conditions. There was no significant difference in either posture or fine motor task performance between the active and static conditions. Future research may benefit from additional physiological measurements along with a wider variety of tasks that require seated users to make postural adjustments.

Association of behavioral “Theory of Mind” Test performance with neurophysiological and vegetative parameters in schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S766-S767
Author(s):  
Z. Garakh ◽  
Y. Zaytseva ◽  
A. Morozova ◽  
V. Strelets
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Chronically Ill Patients

IntroductionTheory of Mind (ToM) deficit is investigated by psychological and neurobiological methods using a range of social cognitive tests, including the verbal test Hinting Task. However, it remains unclear whether there is a connection between ToM results and the physiological characteristics in norm and in pathology.ObjectivesWe performed the comparison of Hinting Task performance in patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects; analysis of correlations between Hinting Task performance with physiological parameters; discriminant analysis in order to classify subject groups according to predictors, including psychological and physiological parameters.MethodsWe measured Hinting Task, spectral power of the EEG mu-rhythm (SP) and heart rate (HR) at rest and during a motion imagery task in 114 right-handed subjects, 1st episode patients with schizophrenia (SCH1) n = 29, chronically ill patients with schizophrenia, duration of illness more than 5 years, (SCH2) n = 23, and healthy subjects (НС) n = 62.ResultsHinting Task rate: HC > SCH2 (P < 0.01), HC ≥ SCH1 (P = 0.07), SCH1 = SCH2 (P = 0.3). Only SCH1 Hinting Task score was associated with a complex of physiological parameters in the resting state [Multiple R = 0.78, F (3.25) = 13.31, P < 0.0001]. Discriminant function analysis of HC and the combined SCH group [F (7.106) = 7.078, P < 0.0000]. The samples were classified at 89% and 71%, respectively, including HR (P < 0.000001), SP in the resting state in C4 (P < 0.001), C3 (P < 0.01), SP changes in C3 (P < 0.05) and Hinting Task (P = 0.2).ConclusionsHinting Task Hinting Task is a part of classification model of norm and schizophrenia. Patients with first episode and chronically ill patients with schizophrenia do not differ in the studied parameters.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Metabolic resting-state brain networks in health and disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 2563-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe G. Spetsieris ◽  
Ji Hyun Ko ◽  
Chris C. Tang ◽  
Amir Nazem ◽  
Wataru Sako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Network Functionality

The delineation of resting state networks (RSNs) in the human brain relies on the analysis of temporal fluctuations in functional MRI signal, representing a small fraction of total neuronal activity. Here, we used metabolic PET, which maps nonfluctuating signals related to total activity, to identify and validate reproducible RSN topographies in healthy and disease populations. In healthy subjects, the dominant (first component) metabolic RSN was topographically similar to the default mode network (DMN). In contrast, in Parkinson’s disease (PD), this RSN was subordinated to an independent disease-related pattern. Network functionality was assessed by quantifying metabolic RSN expression in cerebral blood flow PET scans acquired at rest and during task performance. Consistent task-related deactivation of the “DMN-like” dominant metabolic RSN was observed in healthy subjects and early PD patients; in contrast, the subordinate RSNs were activated during task performance. Network deactivation was reduced in advanced PD; this abnormality was partially corrected by dopaminergic therapy. Time-course comparisons of DMN loss in longitudinal resting metabolic scans from PD and Alzheimer’s disease subjects illustrated that significant reductions appeared later for PD, in parallel with the development of cognitive dysfunction. In contrast, in Alzheimer’s disease significant reductions in network expression were already present at diagnosis, progressing over time. Metabolic imaging can directly provide useful information regarding the resting organization of the brain in health and disease.

Effects of Two Tasks and Two Levels of Difficulty upon Surface Electrogastrograms

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Ercolani ◽  
Bruno Baldaro ◽  
Giancarlo Trombini
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Mental Calculation ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Before And After

The effects of differentiation, novelty, and difficulty of ability tasks upon electrogastrographic activity of healthy subjects during digestion were investigated. Electrical recording of activity of the stomach by means of surface electrodes was performed in 40 healthy volunteers before and after easy or hard tasks. 20 subjects had to complete puzzles; the others had mental arithmetic. Both groups were matched in terms of scores on easy and difficult tasks. Baseline recordings were performed before each trial. The number of waves with peak amplitude > 100μv on electrogastrographic recording during each time span was measured, using a visual analysis. There was a significant decrease in number of waves/min. during task performance. A more pronounced decrease was produced by subjects working on puzzles than those working on mental calculation and by subjects working on easy tasks than those working on difficult tasks when the easy preceded the difficult ones. A larger decrease was obtained when the tasks of comparable difficulty were performed first. Emotional correlates such as anger and irritability were suggested to play a role in the interpretation of results.

scholarly journals The opportunity of application of neurophysiological tests — schizophrenia endophenotypes for studying the role of genetic factors in cognitive processes in healthy subjects and in psychiatric diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-72
Author(s):  
A. V. Kirenskaya ◽  
Z. I. Storozheva ◽  
F. O. Kibitov
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

The study of effects of genetic polymorphisms implicated in dopamine (COMT, DRD2) and GABA (GAD1) activities in the prefrontal cortex on antisaccades (AS) and evoked potential P300 measures was conducted with participation of 55 healthy subjects and 72 schizophrenic patients. The significant interaction of genotype and disease was found for most of the studied AS and P300 measures. The worse task performance and decreased efficacy of cortical activation were revealed for the associated with schizophrenia risk polymorphisms.

scholarly journals Effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on N100 component of auditory evoked potential and oddball task performance in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-111
Author(s):  
A. A. Fedotova ◽  
A. V. Kirenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Comt Val158met ◽  
Val158met Polymorphism ◽  
Oddball Task ◽  
N100 Amplitude

The study was conducted with the participation of 47 healthy subjects and 48 schizophrenia patients. The different effects of Val158Met polymorphism have been found in the control and patients groups. The increased N100 amplitude and minimal number of the error responses in oddball task were revealed in healthy subjects with Val/Val genotype. In patients group Val/Val genotype was related to the decreased N100 amplitude and worse performance of oddball task.

scholarly journals Breakfast high in whey protein or carbohydrates improves coping with workload in healthy subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1712-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Sihvola ◽  
Riitta Korpela ◽  
Andreas Henelius ◽  
Anu Holm ◽  
Minna Huotilainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Plasma Tryptophan ◽  
Nasa Tlx ◽  
Nasa Task Load Index

Dietary components may affect brain function and influence behaviour by inducing the synthesis of neurotransmitters. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of consumption of a whey protein-containing breakfast drink v. a carbohydrate drink v. control on subjective and physiological responses to mental workload in simulated work. In a randomised cross-over design, ten healthy subjects (seven women, median age 26 years, median BMI 23 kg/m2) participated in a single-blinded, placebo-controlled study. The subjects performed demanding work-like tasks after having a breakfast drink high in protein (HP) or high in carbohydrate (HC) or a control drink on separate sessions. Subjective states were assessed using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), the Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS) and the modified Profile of Mood States. Heart rate was recorded during task performance. The ratio of plasma tryptophan (Trp) to the sum of the other large neutral amino acids (LNAA) and salivary cortisol were also analysed. The plasma Trp:LNAA ratio was 30 % higher after the test drinks HP (median 0·13 (μmol/l)/(μmol/l)) and HC (median 0·13 (μmol/l)/(μmol/l)) than after the control drink (median 0·10 (μmol/l)/(μmol/l)). The increase in heart rate was smaller after the HP (median 2·7 beats/min) and HC (median 1·9 beats/min) drinks when compared with the control drink (median 7·2 beats/min) during task performance. Subjective sleepiness was reduced more after the HC drink (median KSS − 1·5) than after the control drink (median KSS − 0·5). There were no significant differences between the breakfast types in the NASA-TLX index, cortisol levels or task performance. We conclude that a breakfast drink high in whey protein or carbohydrates may improve coping with mental tasks in healthy subjects.

Examination of Visual Information as a Mediator of External Focus Benefits

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Land ◽  
Gershon Tenenbaum ◽  
Paul Ward ◽  
Christian Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
External Focus ◽  
Movement Effect ◽  
Cognitive Perspectives

Attunement to visual information has been suggested to mediate the performance advantage associated with adopting an external focus of attention (e.g., Al-Abood, Bennett, Moreno Hernandez, Ashford, & Davids, 2002; Magill, 1998). We tested this hypothesis by examining the extent to which online visual information underpins the external focus advantage. The study examined skilled golfers on a putting task under one of three attentional focus conditions: control (no instructions), irrelevant (tone counting), and external (movement effect focus), with either full or occluded vision. In addition to task performance, the effect of attentional focus and vision on between-trial movement variability was examined. We found a significant advantage for an external focus of attention in the absence of vision. The results of the movement variability analysis further indicated that external focus was not mediated by the online use of vision. We discuss these findings in the context of traditional cognitive perspectives to external focus effects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document