scholarly journals An evaluation of health risk to the public as a consequence of in situ uranium mining in Wyoming, USA

2015 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ruedig ◽  
Thomas E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Uranium Mining ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Radioactive Contamination due to 241Am Lightning Rod Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
K. L. Karfopoulos ◽  
G. N. Papadakos ◽  
D. J. Karangelos ◽  
P. K. Rouni ◽  
N. P. Petropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Building Roof ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

It is estimated that until 1978 about 200000 lightning conductor rods with -a emitting sources attached to their end were installed worldwide. The sources were supposed to increase the lighting collection efficiency of these rods through the ionization of the surrounding air. Nevertheless, this improvement has never been established conclusively. Such devices are, in most cases, not accessible by the pub- lic; therefore, the dose to the population is considered insignificant. However, the possibility of radioactive material leakage, due to the source attachment failure, and the subsequent contamination of the surroundings that could lead to possible health risk of the public cannot be excluded. In this work, the case of 241Am contamination due to a lightning rod conductor failure is investigated. This contamination was accidentally detected on the surface soil around a laboratory building in the National Technical University of Athens Campus, during a routine in-situ gamma-ray measurement campaign that took place in 2003. A detailed survey revealed that this 241Am contamination was due to the leakage from two lightning rods on the building roof. Consequently the rods were removed from the building and the contamination pattern on the roof and on the surface soil around the building was examined in detail. From the results obtained so far it may be concluded that there exists well localized contamination on the roof and also around the building. It was established that the pathway through which contamination reached the ground was  the rainwater drainage system of the building. The gamma ray dose rate due to 241Am contamination found on the roof and on the surface soil is low compared to that due to its natural radioactivity and does not seem to pose any health risk to the people working in the building or to the public.

Status Analysis of Linpan Protection in Land Consolidation of Chengdu Plain

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2118-2121
Author(s):  
Ling Li Jia ◽  
Heng Cui
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Evaluation Standard ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Settlement Type ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Status Analysis

In the process of land consolidation in Chengdu Plain, Linpan protection is an important content. At present, some protection types of Linpan have been formed in Chengdu area, such as agriculture, rural tourism, special industry and settlement type and so on. Many protected modes were explored, such as the natural subsidies, in situ conservation, comprehensive development, off-site reconstruction, etc. But there are still some questions, do not pay attention to protect Linpan ecological pattern plate function transformation, the architectural style of hybrid, protection methods are not flexible, evaluation standard is not perfect, the public participation is not enough and other issues, these problems need to be continuously optimized and improved in the future.

scholarly journals Fate of Salmonella Typhimurium in laboratory-scale drinking water biofilms

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Schaefer ◽  
V. S. Brözel ◽  
S. N. Venter
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
In Situ Detection

Investigations were carried out to evaluate and quantify colonization of laboratory-scale drinking water biofilms by a chromosomally green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged strain of Salmonella Typhimurium. Gfp encodes the green fluorescent protein and thus allows in situ detection of undisturbed cells and is ideally suited for monitoring Salmonella in biofilms. The fate and persistence of non-typhoidal Salmonella in simulated drinking water biofilms was investigated. The ability of Salmonella to form biofilms in monoculture and the fate and persistence of Salmonella in a mixed aquatic biofilm was examined. In monoculture S. Typhimurium formed loosely structured biofilms. Salmonella colonized established multi-species drinking water biofilms within 24 hours, forming micro-colonies within the biofilm. S. Typhimurium was also released at high levels from the drinking water-associated biofilm into the water passing through the system. This indicated that Salmonella could enter into, survive and grow within, and be released from a drinking water biofilm. The ability of Salmonella to survive and persist in a drinking water biofilm, and be released at high levels into the flow for recolonization elsewhere, indicates the potential for a persistent health risk to consumers once a network becomes contaminated with this bacterium.

Capturing Spatial and Temporal Patterns of NO2 in Cities using mobile and stationary DOAS measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Wenig ◽  
Sheng Ye ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Hanlin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measurement Height ◽  
Weekly Cycles

<p>The problem of elevated NO<sub>2</sub> levels in cities has gained some attention in the public in recent years and has given rise to questions about the plausibility of banning diesel engines in cities, the meaning of exceedances of air quality limits and the effects of corona lock-downs on air quality to name a few. Urban air quality is typically monitored using a relatively small number of monitoring stations. Those in-situ measurements follow certain guidelines in terms of inlet height and location relative to streets, but the question remains how a limited number of point measurements can capture the spatial variability in cities. In this talk we present two measurement campaigns in Hong Kong and Munich where we utilized a combination of mobile in-situ and stationary remote sensing differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments. We developed an algorithm to separate spatial and temporal patterns in order to generate pollution maps that represent average NO<sub>2</sub> exposure. </p> <p>We use those maps to identify pollution hot spots and capture the weekly cycles of on-road NO2 levels and spatial dependency of long-term changes and we analyze how on-road measurements compare to monitoring station data and how the measurement height and distance to traffic emissions have to be considered when interpreting observed concentration patterns.</p>

scholarly journals The Use of 'No Evidence' Statements in Public Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Communication ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Public Health Communication ◽  
The Public

Public health communication makes extensive use of a linguistic formulation that will be called the “no evidence” statement. This is a written or spoken statement of the form “There is no evidence that P” where P stands for a proposition that typically describes a human health risk. Danger lurks in these expressions for the hearer or reader who is not logically perspicacious, as arguments that use them are only warranted under certain conditions. The extent to which members of the public are able to determine what those conditions are will be considered by examining data obtained from 879 subjects. The role of “no evidence” statements as cognitive heuristics in public health reasoning is considered.

scholarly journals Determination of Cadmium Concentrations of Vegetables Grown in Soil Irrigated with Wastewater: Evaluation of Health Risk to the Public

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Khan ◽  
Anam Nisar ◽  
Ilker Ugulu ◽  
Kafeel Ahmad ◽  
Kinza Wajid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Potential of citrus extract as disinfectant in SARS-CoV-2 prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Schneegans-Vallejo ◽  
Vanessa López-Guerrero ◽  
Ollin Celeste Martínez-Ramírez ◽  
Margarita De Lorena Ramos-García ◽  
Dagoberto Guillen-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Assays ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Citrus Extract

<p>SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, responsible for the second pandemic of the 21st century. This virus has caused a health emergency due to its rapid transmission and high mortality rate. The use of disinfectants of chemical origin has increased considerably to avoid contamination by SARS-CoV-2 but when used incorrectly they can pose a health risk. Citrus-based extracts have shown effectiveness in controlling the development of fungi and bacteria in<em> in vitro</em> and <em>in situ</em> studies. In <em>in vitro</em> cell assays, citrus extracts are effective in controlling the replication of disease-causing viruses. The objective of this review is to describe the problem of COVID-19, its transmission mechanisms, the use of chemical disinfectants and citrus extracts to control microorganisms and its suggested use as a complement in COVID-19 prevention. The use of citrus extracts has certain advantages such as biodegradability and low health risks. Thus, they could be a viable alternative to be used as a complement in the management and prevention of the spread of SARS-CoV-2.</p>

scholarly journals The Athens Mobile γ-Spectrometry System (AMESOS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
A. Karailias ◽  
V. Lagaki ◽  
C. Katsiva ◽  
A. Kanellakopoulos ◽  
T. J. Mertzimekis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Harsh Environments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Field Operation ◽  
Standard Calibration ◽  
Γ Spectrometry ◽  
The University

We report on a new mobile γ-spectrometry system (AMESOS) developed at the University of Athens. The system aims at carrying out in situ measurements to study distributions of NORM and TENORM at harsh environments or where sampling is difficult. AMESOS has been characterized by using standard calibration sources and minerals of known, independently determined, U and Th concentrations. Simulations of the system have been performed with MCNP and Geant4. As a proof of good field operation, AMESOS was deployed in a series of measurements at Mt. Kithaeron, near Athens, extending earlier data and estimating absorbed dose rates that concern the public.

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