Stratigraphic, structural and geochemical features of the NE–SW trending Neogene volcano-sedimentary basins in western Anatolia: Implications for associations of supra-detachment and transtensional strike-slip basin formation in extensional tectonic setting

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalçın E. Ersoy ◽  
Cahit Helvacı ◽  
Martin R. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
Basin Formation

Cenozoic rifting and inversion in Beibuwan Basin and its relationship with strike-slip motion on the Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Cheng ◽  
Zhiping Wu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
South China ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Red River ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
And Inversion

<p>The Beibuwan basin is located along the western margin of the Ailao Shan Red River Shear Zone (ASRRSZ), and also in the north margin of the South China Sea (SCS). This study utilizes 2-D seismic data to investigate the evolution of this basin and discuss its broad tectonic settings. Several stages of rifting and inversion occurred in the Beibuwan basin during Cenozoic: (1) During Paleocene initial rifting (66-56 Ma), the ocean-ward gradual retreat of the Paleo-pacific subduction zone created an extensional tectonic setting in the SCS region. The overall extensional tectonic setting of the northern passive margin of the SCS generated a series of Paleogene NE-striking rift basins, including the Beibuwan basin, the Qingdongnan basin and the Pear River Mouth Basin. (2) During Eocene rifting stage (56-37.8 Ma), the Pacific plate still subducted under the Eurasian plate, and soft collision started to occur between the greater India plate and the Eurasian plate. Subsequently, the NW-SE-direction extension gradually changed to N-S-direction extension, therefore, the NE-striking faults active intensively during this stage, and a small group of EW-striking faults formed in the study area. (3) During the Oligocene rifting stage (37.8-23 Ma), the India-Eurasian collision went into hard collision stage, induced the large-scale left-lateral strike-slip of the ASRRSZ. Furthermore, the subduction of the Pacific plate strengthens the left-lateral shearing of the ASRRSZ. The left-lateral strike-slip of ASRRSZ resulted in the formation of large amount of EW-striking faults in the Beibuwan and Yinggehai basins, and the opening of the South China Sea. (4) After Paleogene, several stage of inversions occurred in the study area, including the end-Oilgocene, end-Miocene and end-Plioence inversions. The regional end-Oligocene inversion is supposed related to the change from major left-lateral transtensional rifting to left-lateral transpression of ASRRSZ. The end-Miocene and end-Pliocene inversions are localized inversions, which also related to the left-lateral transpression of ASRRSZ.</p>

Terrane provenance and amalgamation: examples from the Caledonides

1990 ◽  
Vol 331 (1620) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Basin Formation ◽  
Laurentian Margin

The Scottish Caledonides have grown by the accretion of terranes generated somewhere along the Laurentian margin. By the time these terranes had been emplaced along the Scottish sector, they were structurally truncated then reassembled to form an incomplete collage of indirectly related tectonic elements of a destructive margin. The basement to some of these tectonic elements and the basement blocks belonging to the previously accreted Precambrian are of uncertain provenance and a source in the Pan-African craton is possible. As terranes migrate along the orogen they generate in the fault zones and on their periphery a reservoir of mature sediment. This mature sediment is produced because of the recycling produced during the generation and destruction of sedimentary basins developing during terrane translation. At each period of recycling the mature sediments are mixed with less mature sediments yielded from local uplifts generated by the new basin formation. If a large part of the orogen suffers orthogonal closure, giant river systems may form and disperse sediment across terranes. This is likely to have happened during the Devonian-Carboniferous of parts of N. Europe.

Seismic Energy Release from Intra-Basin Sources along the Dead Sea Transform and Its Influence on Regional Ground Motions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roey Shimony ◽  
Zohar Gvirtzman ◽  
Michael Tsesarsky
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Seismic Wave Propagation ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Dead Sea Transform ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Surrounding Areas

ABSTRACT The Dead Sea Transform (DST) dominates the seismicity of Israel and neighboring countries. Whereas the instrumental catalog of Israel (1986–2017) contains mainly M<5 events, the preinstrumental catalog lists 14 M 7 or stronger events on the DST, during the past two millennia. Global Positioning System measurements show that the slip deficit in northern Israel today is equivalent to M>7 earthquake. This situation highlights the possibility that a strong earthquake may strike north Israel in the near future, raising the importance of ground-motion prediction. Deep and narrow strike-slip basins accompany the DST. Here, we study ground motions produced by intrabasin seismic sources, to understand the basin effect on regional ground motions. We model seismic-wave propagation in 3D, focusing on scenarios of Mw 6 earthquakes, rupturing different active branches of the DST. The geological model includes the major structures in northern Israel: the strike-slip basins along the DST, the sedimentary basins accompanying the Carmel fault zone, and the densely populated and industrialized Zevulun Valley (Haifa Bay area). We show that regional ground motions are determined by source–path coupling effects in the strike-slip basins, before waves propagate into the surrounding areas. In particular, ground motions are determined by the location of the rupture nucleation within the basin, the near-rupture lithology, and the basin’s local structure. When the rupture is located in the crystalline basement or along material bridges connecting opposite sides of the fault, ground motions behave predictably, decaying due to geometrical spreading and locally amplified atop sedimentary basins. By contrast, if rupture nucleates or propagates into shallow sedimentary units of the DST strike-slip basins, ground motions are amplified within, before propagating outside. Repeated reflections from the basin walls result in a “resonant chamber” effect, leading to stronger regional ground motions with prolonged durations.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional approach to understanding the relationship between the Plio-Quaternary stress field and tectonic inversion in the Triassic Cuyo Basin, Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-494
Author(s):  
L. Giambiagi ◽  
S. Spagnotto ◽  
S. M. Moreiras ◽  
G. Gómez ◽  
E. Stahlschmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Basin Inversion ◽  
Structural Style ◽  
Tectonic Inversion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The Cacheuta sub-basin of the Triassic Cuyo Basin is an example of rift basin inversion contemporaneous to the advance of the Andean thrust front, during the Plio-Quaternary. This basin is one of the most important sedimentary basins in a much larger Triassic NNW-trending depositional system along the southwestern margin of the Pangea supercontinent. The amount and structural style of inversion is provided in this paper by three-dimensional insights into the relationship between inversion of rift-related structures and spatial variations in late Cenozoic stress fields. The Plio-Quaternary stress field exhibits important N–S variations in the foreland area of the Southern Central Andes, between 33 and 34° S, with a southward gradually change from pure compression with σ1 and σ2 being horizontal, to a strike-slip type stress field with σ2 being vertical. We present a 3-D approach for studying the tectonic inversion of the sub-basin master fault associated with strike-slip/reverse to strike-slip faulting stress regimes. We suggest that the inversion of Triassic extensional structures, striking NNW to WNW, occurred during the Plio–Pleistocene in those areas with strike-slip/reverse to strike-slip faulting stress regime, while in the reverse faulting stress regime domain, they remain fossilized. Our example demonstrates the impact of the stress regime on the reactivation pattern along the faults.

scholarly journals The two-stage Aegean extension, from localized to distributed, a result of slab rollback acceleration

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1142-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Brun ◽  
Claudio Faccenna ◽  
Frédéric Gueydan ◽  
Dimitrios Sokoutis ◽  
Mélody Philippon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Slab Rollback ◽  
Slab Tearing

Back-arc extension in the Aegean, which was driven by slab rollback since 45 Ma, is described here for the first time in two stages. From Middle Eocene to Middle Miocene, deformation was localized leading to (i) the exhumation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks to crustal depths, (ii) the exhumation of high-temperature metamorphic rocks in core complexes, and (iii) the deposition of sedimentary basins. Since Middle Miocene, extension distributed over the whole Aegean domain controlled the deposition of onshore and offshore Neogene sedimentary basins. We reconstructed this two-stage evolution in 3D and four steps at Aegean scale by using available ages of metamorphic and sedimentary processes, geometry, and kinematics of ductile deformation, paleomagnetic data, and available tomographic models. The restoration model shows that the rate of trench retreat was around 0.6 cm/year during the first 30 My and then accelerated up to 3.2 cm/year during the last 15 My. The sharp transition observed in the mode of extension, localized versus distributed, in Middle Miocene correlates with the acceleration of trench retreat and is likely a consequence of the Hellenic slab tearing documented by mantle tomography. The development of large dextral northeast–southwest strike-slip faults, since Middle Miocene, is illustrated by the 450 km long fault zone, offshore from Myrthes to Ikaria and onshore from Izmir to Balikeshir, in Western Anatolia. Therefore, the interaction between the Hellenic trench retreat and the westward displacement of Anatolia started in Middle Miocene, almost 10 Ma before the propagation of the North Anatolian Fault in the North Aegean.

Mantle flow and orography: the effect of basal lithospheric shearing and lateral erosion gradients on continental rifting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Sternai
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Mantle Flow ◽  
Stream Power ◽  
Main Ethiopian Rift ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
Continental Rifts ◽  
Lateral Erosion

<p><span>Mantle plume-lithosphere interactions modulated by surface processes across extensional tectonic settings give rise to outstanding topographies and sedimentary basins. However, the nature of these interactions and the mechanisms through which they control the evolution of continental rifts are still elusive. Basal lithospheric shearing due to plume-related mantle flow leads to extensional lithospheric rupturing and associated magmatism, rock exhumation, and topographic uplift away from the plume axis by a distance inversely proportional to the lithospheric elastic thickness. When moisturized air encounters a topographic barrier, it rises, decompresses, and saturates, leading to enhanced erosion on the windward side of the uplifted terrain. Orographic precipitation and asymmetric erosional unloading facilitate strain localization and lithospheric rupturing on the wetter and more eroded side of an extensional system. This simple model is validated against petro-thermo-mechanical numerical experiments where a rheologically stratified lithosphere above a mantle plume is subject to fluvial erosion proportional to stream power during extension. These findings are consistent with Eocene mantle upwelling and flood basalts in Ethiopia synchronous with distal initiation of lithospheric stretching in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden as well as asymmetric topography and slip along extensional structures where orography sets an erosional gradient in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). I conclude that, although inherently related to the lithosphere rheology, the evolution of continental rifts is even more seriously conditioned by the mantle and surface dynamics than previously thoughts.</span></p>

Baltica-Laurentia link during the Mesoproterozoic: 1.27 Ga development of continental basins in the Sveconorwegian Orogen, southern Norway

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Bingen ◽  
Joakim Mansfeld ◽  
Ellen MO Sigmond ◽  
Holly Stein
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Dyke Swarm ◽  
Quartz Porphyry ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
Basin Formation ◽  
Sveconorwegian Orogen ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Back Arc ◽  
Secondary Ion

Recent models suggest that Laurentia and Baltica were contiguous during the Mesoproterozoic and shared a long-lived active continental margin, subsequently reworked during the Grenvillian orogeny. Around 1.25 Ga, the geological record is dominated by dyke-swarm intrusion, continental rift basin formation, A-type felsic magmatism, and arc – back-arc basin development. It points to a dominantly extensional tectonic regime over most of the craton and the Grenvillian margin, suggesting a retreating subduction boundary at that time. In the westernmost allochthonous domain of the Sveconorwegian Orogen, southern Norway, the Sæsvatn–Valldal supracrustal sequences are interpreted as rift or pull-apart basins. They formed at and after 1.27 Ga, in a continental setting, at the margin of Baltica. This interpretation is based on geological, geochemical, and new secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) zircon U–Pb data. A subvolcanic quartz porphyry at the base of the Sæsvatn sequence yields a 1275 ± 8 Ma intrusion age. Metarhyolite samples in the lower part of the sequences yield equivalent extrusion ages of 1264 ± 4 Ma (Sæsvatn sequence) and 1260 ± 8 Ma (Valldal sequence). The metarhyolite units are overlain by sequences of metabasalt and metasandstone. An angular unconformity between the metarhyolites and overlying rocks is locally observed and possibly reflects rift tectonics during formation of the basin. A sample of arkosic metasandstone at the top of the exposed Sæsvatn sequence yields a few Archaean detrital zircon grains and a large spectrum of 2.2–1.2 Ga Proterozoic grains. These data point to a varied continental provenance and constrain sedimentation to later than 1211 ± 18 Ma.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document