scholarly journals Ganglion Cells in Primate Retina Use Fuzzy Logic to Encode Complex Visual Receptive Fields

Neuron ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-551
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Receptive Fields

A correlative study of the physiology and morphology of the retinotectal pathway of the perch

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Guthrie ◽  
J. R. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Local Illumination

AbstractThe anatomy and physiology of the retinotectal pathway of the perch was investigated using physiological and histological techniques. Massed responses of the optic nerve to single shocks exhibited five distinct peaks. Single-unit responses to shocks indicate two groups of fast fibers correlating well with peaks I and II of the massed response. The flash-evoked response in nerve and tectum has three major phases (PSPI-III), with a marked low-threshold fast component. Patterns of flash-evoked response from single fibers vary, but the responses of fast transient fibers coincide with the timing of PSPI, and longer latency groups with PSPII-III. Units reflexly activated by efferents were also seen, and 12% of units were photically inexcitable.Surprisingly, few fibers responded well to a scanned spot light, unlike tectal cells, and receptive fields were often large (>70 deg). ON/OFF responses, evoked either by whole field or local illumination, were much commoner than pure ON or OFF responses.Effects of electrical stimulation or cautery of the tectum on the flash-evoked response of fiber bundles, via the efferents were marginal, but repetitive stimulation or section of the optic nerve produced clear-cut deficits in the slow components of the flash-evoked response of the nerve. Stimulation of the eighth nerve produced a complex long-latency, large-amplitude response in the optic nerve.The fiber spectrum of the optic nerve taken from electron micrographs revealed the presence of a relatively small group (less than 1%) of thick fibers with diameters between 3 μm and 10 μm that could be correlated with fast responses recorded from the optic nerve, and the remainder with axon diameters down to 0.2 μm providing the slow responses. The distribution of cell-body diameters from sectioned and wholemount material indicated a marked distinction between small and large ganglion cells. The total number of fibers in the nerve was estimated 868,840.

scholarly journals Dependence of center radius on temporal frequency for the receptive fields of X retinal ganglion cells of cat.

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J B Troy ◽  
C Enroth-Cugell
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
Inductive Elements ◽  
X Cells

We examined the dependence of the center radius of X cells on temporal frequency and found that at temporal frequencies above 40 Hz the radius increases in a monotonic fashion, reaching a size approximately 30% larger at 70 Hz. This kind of spatial expansion has been predicted with cable models of receptive fields where inductive elements are included in modeling the neuronal membranes. Hence, the expansion of the center radius is clearly important for modeling X cell receptive fields. On the other hand, we feel that it might be of only minor functional significance, since the responsivity of X cells is attenuated at these high temporal frequencies and the signal-to-noise ratio is considerably worse than at low and midrange temporal frequencies.

Fine Structure of the Receptive Fields of Orientation-Selective Ganglion Cells in the Fish Retina

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 816-819
Author(s):  
A. T. Aliper ◽  
I. Damjanovic ◽  
A. A. Zaichikova ◽  
E. M. Maximova ◽  
P. V. Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Fish Retina

Image Sharpness and Contrast Tuning in the Early Visual Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1750045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sánchez ◽  
Rubén Ferreiroa ◽  
Adrián Arias ◽  
Luis M. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Local Contrast ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Image Sharpness ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Thalamic Relay ◽  
Processing Techniques

The center–surround organization of the receptive fields (RFs) of retinal ganglion cells highlights the presence of local contrast in visual stimuli. As RF of thalamic relay cells follow the same basic functional organization, it is often assumed that they contribute very little to alter the retinal output. However, in many species, thalamic relay cells largely outnumber their retinal inputs, which diverge to contact simultaneously several units at thalamic level. This gain in cell population as well as retinothalamic convergence opens the door to question how information about contrast is transformed at the thalamic stage. Here, we address this question using a realistic dynamic model of the retinothalamic circuit. Our results show that different components of the thalamic RF might implement filters that are analogous to two types of well-known image processing techniques to preserve the quality of a higher resolution version of the image on its way to the primary visual cortex.

scholarly journals Resolving single cone inputs to visual receptive fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C Sincich ◽  
Yuhua Zhang ◽  
Pavan Tiruveedhula ◽  
Jonathan C Horton ◽  
Austin Roorda
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Receptive Fields ◽  
Single Cone

Visual receptive fields of local intracortical potentials

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lohmann ◽  
R. Eckhorn ◽  
H.J. Reitboeck
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Visual Receptive Fields

Functional Inhibition in Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells: Spatiotemporal Extent and Intralaminar Interactions

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1026-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Stasheff ◽  
Richard H. Masland
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Neural Element ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Excitatory Stimulus

We recorded from on-off direction-selective ganglion cells (DS cells) in the rabbit retina to investigate in detail the inhibition that contributes to direction selectivity in these cells. Using paired stimuli moving sequentially across the cells' receptive fields in the preferred direction, we directly confirmed the prediction of Wyatt and Daw (1975) that a wave of inhibition accompanies any moving excitatory stimulus on its null side, at a fixed spatial offset. Varying the interstimulus distance, stimulus size, luminance, and speed yielded a spatiotemporal map of the strength of inhibition within this region. This “null” inhibition was maximal at an intermediate distance behind a moving stimulus: ½ to 1½ times the width of the receptive field. The strength of inhibition depended more on the distance behind the stimulus than on stimulus speed, and the inhibition often lasted 1–2 s. These spatial and temporal parameters appear to account for the known spatial frequency and velocity tuning of on-off DS cells to drifting contrast gratings. Stimuli that elicit distinct onand off responses to leading and trailing edges revealed that an excitatory response of either polarity could inhibit a subsequent response of either polarity. For example, an offresponse inhibited either an on or off response of a subsequent stimulus. This inhibition apparently is conferred by a neural element or network spanning the on andoff sublayers of the inner plexiform layer, such as a multistratified amacrine cell. Trials using a stationary flashing spot as a probe demonstrated that the total amount of inhibition conferred on the DS cell was equivalent for stimuli moving in either the null or preferred direction. Apparently the cell does not act as a classic “integrate and fire” neuron, summing all inputs at the soma. Rather, computation of stimulus direction likely involves interactions between excitatory and inhibitory inputs in local regions of the dendrites.

scholarly journals Eye-centered visual receptive fields in the ventral intraparietal area

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Chen ◽  
Gregory C. DeAngelis ◽  
Dora E. Angelaki
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Visual Responses ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Spatial Reference Frames ◽  
Visual Receptive Fields ◽  
Ventral Intraparietal Area

The ventral intraparietal area (VIP) processes multisensory visual, vestibular, tactile, and auditory signals in diverse reference frames. We recently reported that visual heading signals in VIP are represented in an approximately eye-centered reference frame when measured using large-field optic flow stimuli. No VIP neuron was found to have head-centered visual heading tuning, and only a small proportion of cells had reference frames that were intermediate between eye- and head-centered. In contrast, previous studies using moving bar stimuli have reported that visual receptive fields (RFs) in VIP are head-centered for a substantial proportion of neurons. To examine whether these differences in previous findings might be due to the neuronal property examined (heading tuning vs. RF measurements) or the type of visual stimulus used (full-field optic flow vs. a single moving bar), we have quantitatively mapped visual RFs of VIP neurons using a large-field, multipatch, random-dot motion stimulus. By varying eye position relative to the head, we tested whether visual RFs in VIP are represented in head- or eye-centered reference frames. We found that the vast majority of VIP neurons have eye-centered RFs with only a single neuron classified as head-centered and a small minority classified as intermediate between eye- and head-centered. Our findings suggest that the spatial reference frames of visual responses in VIP may depend on the visual stimulation conditions used to measure RFs and might also be influenced by how attention is allocated during stimulus presentation.

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