Docosahexaenoic acid synthesis from alpha-linolenic acid is inhibited by diets high in polyunsaturated fatty acids

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Gibson ◽  
M.A. Neumann ◽  
E.L. Lien ◽  
K.A. Boyd ◽  
W.C. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a Mendelian randomization study

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1763-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasutake Tomata ◽  
Susanna C. Larsson ◽  
Sara Hägg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

Abstract Purpose Observational studies have suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may decrease Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. In the present study, we examined this hypothesis using a Mendelian randomization analysis. Methods We used summary statistics data for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with plasma levels of n-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid) and n-3 PUFAs (alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid), and the corresponding data for AD from a genome-wide association meta-analysis of 63,926 individuals (21,982 diagnosed AD cases, 41,944 controls). Results None of the genetically predicted PUFAs was significantly associated with AD risk; odds ratios (95% confidence interval) per 1 SD increase in PUFA levels were 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) for linoleic acid, 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) for arachidonic acid, 0.96 (0.88, 1.06) for alpha-linolenic acid, 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) for eicosapentaenoic acid, 1.03 (0.97, 1.09) for docosapentaenoic acid, and 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) for docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions This study did not support the hypothesis that PUFAs decrease AD risk.

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of Fatty Acids in Marine Fish and Shellfish from Warm Water of Straits of Malacca for Nutraceutical Purposes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurnadia Abd Aziz ◽  
Azrina Azlan ◽  
Amin Ismail ◽  
Suryati Mohd Alinafiah ◽  
Muhammad Rizal Razman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Straits Of Malacca ◽  
Fish And Shellfish

This study was conducted to quantitatively determine the fatty acid contents of 20 species of marine fish and four species of shellfish from Straits of Malacca. Most samples contained fairly high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n3). Longtail shad, yellowstripe scad, and moonfish contained significantly higher (P<0.05) amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), respectively. Meanwhile, fringescale sardinella, malabar red snapper, black pomfret, Japanese threadfin bream, giant seaperch, and sixbar grouper showed considerably high content (537.2–944.1 mg/100g wet sample) of desirable omega-3 fatty acids. The polyunsaturated-fatty-acids/saturated-fatty-acids (P/S) ratios for most samples were higher than that of Menhaden oil (P/S=0.58), a recommended PUFA supplement which may help to lower blood pressure. Yellowstripe scad (highest DHA,ω-3/ω-6=6.4,P/S=1.7), moonfish (highest ALA,ω-3/ω-6=1.9,P/S=1.0), and longtail shad (highest EPA,ω-3/ω-6=0.8,P/S=0.4) were the samples with an outstandingly desirable overall composition of fatty acids. Overall, the marine fish and shellfish from the area contained good composition of fatty acids which offer health benefits and may be used for nutraceutical purposes in the future.

scholarly journals Poultry meat production as a functional food with a voluntary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schneideroá ◽  
J. Zelenka ◽  
E. Mrkvicová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

We studied the effect of different levels of linseed oils made either of the flax cultivar Atalante with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid (612 g/kg) or of the cultivar Lola with a predominating content of linoleic acid (708 g/kg) in a chicken diet upon the fatty acid pattern in meat. Cockerels Ross 308 were fed the diets containing 1, 3, 5 or 7 per cent of oil in the last 15 days of fattening. Breast meat (BM) and thigh meat (TM) without skin of 8 chickens from each dietary group were used for analyses. The relative proportions of fatty acids were expressed as percentages of total determined fatty acids. When feeding Atalante oil, the proportions of n-6 fatty acids were highly significantly lower while those of n-3 fatty acids were higher; the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat was narrower (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than in chickens fed oil with a low content of &alpha;-linolenic acid. In BM and TM, the relative proportions of &alpha;-linolenic and &gamma;-linolenic acids were nearly the same, the proportion of linoleic acid in BM was lower, and the proportions of the other polyunsaturated fatty acids in BM were higher than in TM. In BM, the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) more favourable than that found in TM. The relative proportions of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in meat decreased and those of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in dependence on the increasing level of dietary oils. When feeding Atalante oil, a significant increase in the proportion of linoleic acid in BM but not in TM was observed. The proportions of the other n-6 fatty acids decreased and those of all determined n-3 fatty acids, with the exception of docosahexaenoic acid, significantly increased with the increasing level of oil in the diet. When feeding Lola oil, its increasing content in the diet increased the relative proportion of linoleic acid as well as its elongation to &gamma;-linolenic acid; however, the proportions of arachidonic and adrenic acid did not change significantly (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The proportion of &alpha;-linolenic acid increased in both BM and TM. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic and clupanodonic acids in BM significantly decreased. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 0.9 to 13.6 and from 1.0 to 17.2 in BM and TM, respectively. An increase in the level of Lola oil in the diet by 1% caused that the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio extended by 1.00 and 1.19 units in BM and TM, respectively. Dependences of n-6/n-3 ratio on the level of Atalante oil were expressed by equations of convex parabolas with minima at the level of oil 5.8 and 5.9% for BM and TM, respectively. By means of the inclusion of linseed oil with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid in the feed mixture it would be possible to produce poultry meat as a functional food with a very narrow ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals The Influence of Probiotic Lactobacilli and Flaxseed on the Health of Weaned Piglets and Metabolism of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
D. Sopková ◽  
R. Vlčková ◽  
Z. Andrejčáková ◽  
Z. Hertelyová ◽  
S. Gancarčíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Health State ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

Abstract This study investigated for 14 days post-weaning, the influence of dietary supplementation of synbiotics in the form of probiotic cheeses containing cultures of L. plantarum and L. fermentum and crushed flaxseed (source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids — PUFAs and fibre) on 36 commercial piglets originating from an infected herd (Coronavirus and E. coli) during the critical period of weaning. We focused on the health and metabolism of PUFAs in this critical period of a piglet’s life. The dietary supplementation positively affected: the overall health state of weaners, reduced diarrhoea by 29 % by 14 days post-weaning and significantly increased the counts of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria and the production of volatile fatty acids. The PUFA concentrations in the m. biceps femoris of the piglets were analysed by gas chromatography. High levels of ω-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in flaxseed increased significantly the level of ALA, eicosapentaenic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenic acid (DHA) in the pig muscles on days 7 and 14 post-weaning. The levels of ω-6 linolenic acid (LA) were less affected by the diet, but were increased on day 14 post-weaning, while the conversion products of LA, and arachidonic acid (AA), were decreased on days 7 and 14. The increased level of dietary ALA favoured the activity of Δ-6-desaturase for the conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA, at the expense of AA synthesis from LA. The ability of synbiotics to incorporate high levels of DHA in the pig muscles appear prospective for improving the nutritional properties of pork and reducing the occurrence of civilization diseases in consumers of this product of animal origin.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Experimental Lung Injury Induced by Acute Ethanol Inhalation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
Dalia Medhat ◽  
Zakaria El-Khayat ◽  
Mona El-Banna ◽  
Yasmin Abdel-Latif ◽  
Safaa Morsy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acute Ethanol

Ethanol-induced diseases include oxidative mechanisms by which prolonged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress results in genesis and accumulation of cytotoxic total fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs, non-oxidative metabolites of ethanol). FAEEs participate in the pathogenesis of alcoholic lung disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) offer a possible protective effect against damage induced by ethanol inhalation. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of flaxseed and fish oils administration against toxicity induced by ethanol inhalation. Forty healthy female albino rats were divided into four groups (control, ethanol, flaxseed and fish oils). Lung superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Plasma advanced oxidation end product (AOPP) and phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase (PI3K) were determined. Erythrocyte membrane fatty acids were extracted and fractionated by HPLC. Ethanol inhalation results in significant increase in lung MDA, plasma AOPP and erythrocyte membrane arachidonic acid (AA), linolenic acid (LA), and oleic acid (OA) along with a significant decrease in erythrocyte membrane alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), lung SOD, and plasma PI3K while pretreatment with flaxseed and fish oils daily (1.2 ml/kg) significantly attenuated these parameters. Supplementation of marine PUFAs reduced the oxidative stress induced by ethanol inhalation in experimental animals.

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