The aims of this research was to study the effect of Ocimum basilicum L. essentials oils toward quality of Oreochromis niloticus fillet during cold storage by examining in the physical, chemical, and microbiological treatments respectivelly. The research was conducted using the complete random design of factorial consisting of 2 factors: (i) the variation of O. basilicum essential oils treatment, there were without essential oils, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.075%; (ii) the duration of fish storage: 0, 3, and 6 days. The observed parameters were: the physical freshness of fish, total volatile base (TVB), pH, water value, total plate count and organoleptic test. The data were analyzed by determine treatment effect toward all variable and duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) on the level 5%. The results showed that based on the physically testing control become deterioration on the third day, while fillet added with O. basilicum essential oils become deterioration in six days. Based on TVB test, the control fillet and fillet treated with 0.075% of O. basilicum essential oils become deterioration on the day of six. Fillet treated with 0.025% and 0.05% of O. basilicum essential oils still fresh in six days. The highest increasing of water value was on the control of fillet. Based on the microbiological test, the addition of O. basilicum essential oils reduced the bacterial number, fillet still fresh on the third day