scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TIME PRESSURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DEXTEROUS OPERATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1521-1530
Author(s):  
M. Pooripanyakun ◽  
A. Wodehouse ◽  
J. Mehnen
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Finger Movement ◽  
Psychological Disturbance ◽  
Moving Interface ◽  
Fixed Interface ◽  
Sequence Position

AbstractThis study explores the effects of time pressure in dexterous operations on two types of interface: the fixed interface and the moving interface. Results show that the accuracy of finger movement is decreased, the information processing on the sense of sequence, position and direction is worsened by the psychological disturbance. The findings indicate that a fixed interface is more robust to performance and participants can learn and perform tasks quicker than a moving interface. Finally, the researchers give some practices on both fixed and moving interface design.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Time Pressure Management in Stroke Patients With Slowed Information Processing: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1672-1679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieke Winkens ◽  
Caroline M. Van Heugten ◽  
Derick T. Wade ◽  
Esther J. Habets ◽  
Luciano Fasotti
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Value of Eye-Tracking Data for Classification of Information Processing–Intensive Handling Tasks: Quasi-Experimental Study on Cognition and User Interface Design

10.2196/15581 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e15581
Author(s):  
Stephan Wegner ◽  
Quentin Lohmeyer ◽  
Dimitri Wahlen ◽  
Sandra Neumann ◽  
Jean-Claude Groebli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Individual User ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Background In order to give a wide range of people the opportunity to ensure and support home care, one approach is to develop medical devices that are as user-friendly as possible. This allows nonexperts to use medical devices that were originally too complicated to use. For a user-centric development of such medical devices, it is essential to understand which user interface design best supports patients, caregivers, and health care professionals. Objective Using the benefits of mobile eye tracking, this work aims to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges of user cognition. As a consequence, its goal is to identify the obstacles to the usability of the features of two different designs of a single medical device user interface. The medical device is a patient assistance device for home use in peritoneal dialysis therapy. Methods A total of 16 participants, with a subset of seniors (8/16, mean age 73.7 years) and young adults (8/16, mean age 25.0 years), were recruited and participated in this study. The handling cycle consisted of seven main tasks. Data analysis started with the analysis of task effectiveness for searching for error-related tasks. Subsequently, the in-depth gaze data analysis focused on these identified critical tasks. In order to understand the challenges of user cognition in critical tasks, gaze data were analyzed with respect to individual user interface features of the medical device system. Therefore, it focused on the two dimensions of dwell time and fixation duration of the gaze. Results In total, 97% of the handling steps for design 1 and 96% for design 2 were performed correctly, with the main challenges being task 1 insert, task 2 connect, and task 6 disconnect for both designs. In order to understand the two analyzed dimensions of the physiological measurements simultaneously, the authors propose a new graphical representation. It distinguishes four different patterns to compare the eye movements associated with the two designs. The patterns identified for the critical tasks are consistent with the results of the task performance. Conclusions This study showed that mobile eye tracking provides insights into information processing in intensive handling tasks related to individual user interface features. The evaluation of each feature of the user interface promises an optimal design by combining the best found features. In this way, manufacturers are able to develop products that can be used by untrained people without prior knowledge. This would allow home care to be provided not only by highly qualified nurses and caregivers, but also by patients themselves, partners, children, or neighbors.

The Think Aloud Method and User Interface Design

2006 ◽  
pp. 597-602
Author(s):  
M. W.M. Jaspers
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Computer System ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Think Aloud

Daily use of computer systems often has been hampered by poorly designed user interfaces. Since the functionality of a computer system is made available through its user interface, its design has a huge influence on the usability of these systems (Carroll, 2002; Preece, 2002). From the user’s perspective, the user interface is the only visible and, hence, most important part of the computer system; thus, it receives high priority in designing computer systems. A plea for human-oriented design in which the potentials of computer systems are tuned to the intended user in the context of their utilization has been made (Rossen & Carroll, 2002). An analysis of the strategies that humans use in performing tasks that are to be computer-supported is a key issue in human-oriented design of user interfaces. Good interface design thus requires a deep understanding of how humans perform a task that finally will be computer-supported. These insights then may be used to design a user interface that directly refers to their information processing activities. A variety of methodologies and techniques can be applied to analyze end users’ information processing activities in the context of a specific task environment among user-centered design methodologies. More specifically, cognitive engineering techniques are promoted to improve computer systems’ usability (Gerhardt-Powels, 1996; Stary & Peschl, 1998). Cognitive engineering as a field aims at understanding the fundamental principles behind human activities that are relevant in the context of designing a system that supports these activities (Stary & Peschl, 1998). The ultimate goal is to develop end versions of computer systems that support users of these systems to the maximum in performing tasks in such a way that the intended tasks can be accomplished with minimal cognitive effort. Empirical research has indeed shown that cognitively engineered interfaces are considered superior by users in terms of supporting task performance, workload, and satisfaction, compared to non-cognitively engineered interfaces (Gerhardt-Powels, 1996). Methods such as the think aloud method, verbal protocol analysis, or cognitive task analysis are used to analyze in detail the way in which humans perform tasks, mostly in interaction with a prototype computer system.

Developmental Steps in Metaphorical Language Abilities: The Influence of Age, Gender, Cognitive Flexibility, Information Processing Speed, and Analogical Reasoning

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Willinger ◽  
Matthias Deckert ◽  
Michaela Schmöger ◽  
Ines Schaunig-Busch ◽  
Anton K Formann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Analogical Reasoning ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Metaphor Comprehension ◽  
Metaphor Processing

Purpose: Metaphor is a specific type of figurative language that is used in various important fields such as in the work with children in clinical or teaching contexts. The aim of the study was to investigate the developmental course, developmental steps, and possible cognitive predictors regarding metaphor processing in childhood and early adolescence. Method: One hundred sixty-four typically developing children (7-year-olds, 9-year-olds) and early adolescents (11-year-olds) were tested for metaphor identification, comprehension, comprehension quality, and preference by the Metaphoric Triads Task as well as for analogical reasoning, information processing speed, cognitive flexibility under time pressure, and cognitive flexibility without time pressure. Results: Metaphor identification and comprehension consecutively increased with age. Eleven-year-olds showed significantly higher metaphor comprehension quality and preference scores than seven- and nine-year-olds, whilst these younger age groups did not differ. Age, cognitive flexibility under time pressure, information processing speed, analogical reasoning, and cognitive flexibility without time pressure significantly predicted metaphor comprehension. Conclusions: Metaphorical language ability shows an ongoing development and seemingly changes qualitatively at the beginning of early adolescence. These results can possibly be explained by a greater synaptic reorganization in early adolescents. Furthermore, cognitive flexibility under time pressure and information processing speed possibly facilitate the ability to adapt metaphor processing strategies in a flexible, quick, and appropriate way.

scholarly journals A Review on the Interface Design of Automotive Head-Up Displays for Communicating Safety-Related Information

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 2016-2017
Author(s):  
Juhee Park ◽  
Woojin Park
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Safety Critical

Automotive head-up displays (HUDs) have the advantage of allowing drivers to keep their eyes forward while driving by superimposing visual information on top of the drivers’ forward field of view (FoV). In order to provide the intended advantage, HUDs must be designed such that they respect the characteristics and capacities of the human information processing system and accommodate the specific contexts of information use. Poorly designed HUDs indeed can adversely affect driving safety by creating new sets of problems, including visual clutter, information overload, inattentive blindness and cognitive capture (Gish and Staplin, 1995; Pauzie, 2015; Tufano, 1997; Ward and Parkes, 1994). During the last few decades, various research studies have proposed different HUD displays that present HUD information in particular styles. However, it is not well understood what type of display would be most advantageous or adequate for effectively communicating each information type and thus best serve drivers in performing the associated driving task. Relatively little research has been conducted to evaluate the available HUD displays in the interface design. As an initial effort towards addressing the knowledge gap, the objective of the current study was to provide a review of the existing HUD displays focusing on the interface design. Among the variety of HUD information types, the current review was intended to cover different types of safety information. For each type of safety information, the HUD displays proposed by the automobile industry and academic research were examined, in terms of their structures and behaviors and also related human factors display design principles. On the basis of the review results, this study suggests some future research directions that would help develop useful and effective HUD displays. This study conducted two literature searches, one for documents describing existing commercial HUD displays, and, the other one for research articles proposing or evaluating automotive HUD displays for communicating safety-related information. Thirteen major automobile manufacturers providing HUD systems, such as Audi, BMW Group, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai/KIA, Jaguar Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, PSA Peugeot Citroen, Renault, SAAB, Toyota, and Volvo, were considered. The details of the interface designs of the manufacturers’ HUD displays were examined using the information provided in the vehicle manuals. Research articles were searched by utilizing terms describing four concepts: (1) head-up display (head up display(s), head-up display(s), HUD(s)), (2) automobiles (automotive, vehicle(s), car(s), automobile), (3) interface design (display, design, interface, augmented reality, human factors, system), and (4) safety information (safety, warning, alert). As a result, a total of 15 studies were included in this review. The review results indicated that safety-related HUD displays proposed by academic research studies were mostly AR-based and contact-analog. On the other hand, all of the commercial safety-related HUD displays were of the unregistered type and did not utilize the AR technology. It is not clear why the existing commercial HUD displays did not adopt the AR technology. Perhaps, it may be due to some technological challenges in incorporating the AR technology into the automotive HUD system. Alternatively, it may be that the efficacy of the AR HUD technology has not been confirmed for creating safety-related HUD displays. This study examined the HUD displays in terms of the human factors display design principles (Wickens et al., 2003). Many of the proposed displays indeed were based on some of the well-known display design principles, such as the principles of proximity compatibility, information access cost minimization, predictive aiding, color coding and consistency. However, the display proposed by George et al. (2012) seemed to provide a relatively large amount of information in one display. In this case, the legibility of the display may decrease and cause confusion in terms of discriminability. In addition, visual complexity may increase, which may degrade information processing. In dangerous situations, displays should be simple and should not require too much perception or interpretation. Future research will need to determine to what degree the complexity of the display is acceptable in hazardous or safety-critical driving situations. Research is also needed to identify the individual differences in the acceptance levels of visual complexity. On the basis of the review results, some future research directions were identified: • Research should attempt to develop design principles/guidelines that help designers identify an appropriate user interface type when given an information characteristic and its usage context.  • What are the information characteristics suitable for contact-analog and unregistered display formats? Which of the two display formats would be more effective, under various circumstances, especially in situations where nearby hazards must be detected quickly? • Research is needed to investigate how to design and evaluate HUDs taking into account the drivers’ information processing capabilities under safety critical driving situations.  • How many HUD displays can be presented without exceeding the drivers’ information processing capabilities under safety-critical driving situations? In this regard, what are the priority levels of different HUD displays and how can they be determined?  • What is the acceptable level of visual complexity of a single or multiple displays within the drivers’ information processing capabilities? What are the individual differences in the acceptance levels of visual complexity?

scholarly journals The Body Surface as a Communication System: The State of the Art after 50 Years

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Gallace ◽  
Hong Z. Tan ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Information Processing ◽  
Multisensory Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Technological Advances

The suggestion that the body surface might be used as an additional means of presenting information to human-machine operators has been around in the literature for nearly 50 years. Although recent technological advances have made the possibility of using the body as a receptive surface much more realistic, the fundamental limitations on the human information processing of tactile stimuli presented across the body surface are, however, still largely unknown. This literature review provides an overview of studies that have attempted to use vibrotactile interfaces to convey information to human operators. The importance of investigating any possible central cognitive limitations (i.e., rather than the peripheral limitations, such as related to sensory masking, that were typically addressed in earlier research) on tactile processing for the most effective design of body interfaces is highlighted. The applicability of the constraints emerging from studies of tactile processing under conditions of unisensory (i.e., purely tactile) stimulus presentation, to more ecologically valid conditions of multisensory stimulation, is also discussed. Finally, the results obtained from recent studies of tactile information processing under conditions of multisensory stimulation are described, and their implications for haptic/tactile interface design elucidated.

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