scholarly journals Stick to the plan? Culture, interests, multidimensional threats, and Italian defence policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Ceccorulli ◽  
Fabrizio Coticchia
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
International Context ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
National Debate ◽  
The Military

The international context seems to be increasingly exposed to multidimensional and transnational challenges, ranging from irregular migration and piracy to the violation of basic human rights. Rather than excluding a potential role for the military, many European states rely on it to face a complex security scenario. What are the reasons behind this activism? Taking Italy as a case study, this article works out two main arguments (ideational factors and interests relating to the so-called military–industrial complex) and tries to intercept their weight in the national debate leading to the decision to intervene militarily (or not) in Sri Lanka (2004–05), Haiti (2010), and in the Central Mediterranean (2015–). Ultimately, this effort contributes to understanding the role of the military instrument in Italy, a state particularly exposed to the new challenges ahead, and offers tools for research to be potentially applied in other countries that make similar use of armed forces to deal with non-conventional security threats.

scholarly journals Olonets Metal Works as a Centre of Military Production in Russian Historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Timofey V. Alekseev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Organizational Experience ◽  
Production Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Production

The paper deals with the history of the Olonets metal works – one of the centres of military industry in pre-revolutionary Russia. It aimed to analyse the views of Russian researchers on the problems of military production at these plants and their role in providing the army and navy with weapons in the 18th – еarly 20th centuries. The works of the pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods were studied. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the need for an in-depth examination of such a phenomenon in Russian history as the military-industrial complex and its prototype represented by the military industry of pre-revolutionary Russia. The article is focused on the way Russian historiography presents the organization of military production at the Olonets metal works, their technical reconstruction in order to master the production of brand new types of weapons, as well as the role of foreign specialists and foreign technical, technological and organizational experience in this process. The study revealed some important features of the Olonets metal works operation: the use of the economy’s mobilization mechanisms for their creation, their role as a transmitter of military production experience to other Russian regions, the influence of non-economic factors on the existence of military industry enterprises, as well as the effect and significance of diffusion of innovations in military industry. It is concluded that the final period in the history of the Olonets metal works (late 19th – early 20th centuries) is poorly reflected in Russian historiography. In addition, the research points out the need for a comprehensive work on the history of military production at the Olonets metal works in general.

scholarly journals SOCIO-GEOGRAPHICAL ESSENCE OF THE MILITARY SPHERE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Taras Kravets
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Military Geography ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
General Method

The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing approaches to understanding the terms military sphere, military-industrial complex, defense-industrial complex, security and defense sector, military sector, determining the positioning of the military sphere and its position relative to other natural-geographical areas, joints and overlaps, identification of its functions and problems that interfere with proper functioning. Development of directions and prospects for the development of the military sphere and the Armed Forces of Ukraine in general. Method. The research was conducted on the basis of the analysis of available literature sources on this topic and the application of a spherical approach to the analysis of the positioning of the military sphere and the definition of its components. The available domestic and foreign literary sources and the ratio of these concepts within this literature are studied. Results. Theoretical and methodological problems of comparing concepts related to the military sphere and their interchangeability and interconnectedness are studied. The scheme of correlation of concepts of military sphere, defense-industrial complex and military-industrial complex is offered. Based on the spherical approach, we propose a scheme of the military sphere, which we consider as a sphere formed within the geosphere at the junction of social and natural spheres, at the intersection of demographic, informational, spiritual, environmental, technical, economic, political and social spheres. Within each oblast forming the sphere, three main sectors with the greatest influence on the military sphere are singled out. Six main functions of the sphere are singled out and arranged in order of importance on the basis of the proposed scheme. Scientific novelty. The need for this study is due to the fact that despite the fact that since 2014 and to date, fighting has been going on in the east of our country, in many universities the discipline of military geography and related disciplines is being stolen, the term military sphere has not been proposed. clear positioning of the military sphere among other social spheres. To date, the functions performed by the military sphere and the factors contributing to the improvement and development of this sphere have not been determined, which is what led to the implementation of this study. Practical meaning. Based on modeling and analysis, the main areas that affect the military sphere as such and to what extent are identified, the areas of greatest influence and sectors of influence within the regions are identified. The functions of the military sphere and the main factors influencing its development and transformation are highlighted, as well as what measures need to be implemented to improve the situation. The results of the research are developed for planning by the state structures of the program of development of the military sphere and for teaching the discipline "Military Geography". The geographical features of the military sphere are singled out, to which the greatest attention should be paid when analyzing the transformation of the military sphere.

Military-Industrial Complex of Israel: Role of Arms Exports

2010 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
S. Belousov
Keyword(s):  
High Technology ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Arms Exports ◽  
The Military

The article covers different aspects of the Israeli military-industrial complex and military-technical cooperation with foreign countries. At the present stage, the development of Israeli military-industrial complex depends significantly on its export operations. The innovative high-technology production focus, diversification of consumers, active positions uptake abroad allows Israel to achieve a great success in the military-technical sphere and join in the top five leading world actors at the international world arms market.

scholarly journals The Role of a Region in the Implementation of Innovative Projects for Non-Defence High-Technology Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 477-486
Author(s):  
Iurii V. Erygin ◽  
Elena V. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
High Technology ◽  
International Markets ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
The Military

The article discusses the problems of involving the innovative potential of enterprises of the military-industrial complex in the implementation of innovative projects for the non-defence high-technology production, as well as determining the role and place of the regional innovation infrastructure in their implementation. The aim of the study is to justify the role of a region in the implementation of innovative projects for the non-defence high-technology production, to determine features and formulate requirements for the development of the regional innovation infrastructure that provides support for these innovative projects based on the interaction of the regional innovation system enterprises with the military-industrial complex and infrastructure facilities at the national and international levels. As a result of the study, the authors highlighted the most important areas of interaction between the enterprises of the military-industrial complex and the region’s innovative infrastructure facilities (raising funds, promoting high-tech civilian products to national and international markets, etc.) and formulated the requirements for its formation. The results of the study can be used in managing the innovative development of the regions where high-tech enterprises of the militaryindustrial complex are located

scholarly journals Sustainable development of the Russian industrial complex in modern conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
V. F. Mihin ◽  
S. S. Chevgun
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Defense Industry ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The Military

The article considers the evolution of the term «sustainable development» in the context of the United Nations (UN), identifies inaccuracies and contradictions. The paper investigates the reflection of the UN concept of sustainable development in the national legislation of Russia, reveals the high variability of the used combinations of the terms «sustainability», «development», and the lack of definitions, limiting the understanding and the possibility of application of the considered norms. It is proposed to consider people as an economic category separately from the factors of production, since such categories as labor; management, scientific, entrepreneurial, intuitive and creative abilities; goodwill – are unique characteristics of the person, due to socio-cultural, medical, biological and environmental factors. On the basis of consideration of interrelations in the system «biosphere-society-stateeconomy-industrial complex «the author's definitions of the terms» sustainable development of the militaryindustrial complex (MIC) «in the broad and narrow sense,»the mechanism of sustainable development of the MIC» are proposed. The term «sustainable development» in relation to the functioning of the military-industrial complex (MIC) is understood by us as the ability of the defense industry system to achieve its goals indefinitely, to develop integrity and improve, while having the ability to resist the external influence that prevents it. The mechanism of sustainable development of the military-industrial complex, including the algorithm of sustainable development and levels of sustainability. The absence of applicable to the military-industrial complex techniques, methods, criteria, measures and standards of sustainability of development is revealed, the system of characteristics is proposed. It is proposed to use predictive-corrective management method for sustainable development of the defense industry, as providing the highest quality. The necessity of transition to a new social paradigm of understanding the role of the economy in the considered system of interrelations.

Presidents, the Military-Industrial Complex, and the Ascendant Politics of “Free Enterprise”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
American Military ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Global Logistics ◽  
The Military

Since 1945, chapter 4 argues the American military has been privatized and de-militarized. The armed forces became less responsible for weapons production and global logistics. The Pentagon has relied increasingly upon commercial vendors and private contractors to occupy the Oval Office and has followed President Herbert Hoover’s call for the expansion of private enterprise in military affairs.

scholarly journals TOOL FOR FORECASTING AND OPTIMIZATION OF R&D EXPENDITURE DURING REALIZATION OF CONVERSION PROJECTS BY ENTERPRISES OF THE DEFENSE-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S.N. Larin ◽  
N.A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
World Community ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military ◽  
Technical Products ◽  
Dominant Paradigm

At the present stage of socio-economic development of the world community, the dominant paradigm has been the use of high technologies, new scientific knowledge, the introduction of innovations as the leading factors in ensuring effective economic growth and national competitiveness. The article shows the growing role of enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex in modernizing the domestic economy and implementing its transition to innovative development through the implementation of conversion projects. The necessity of developing new and effective organizational and economic mechanisms and tools for converting R&D results that are adequate to modern conditions for their practical use by enterprises producing civilian products is substantiated. A solution to the problem of optimizing R&D expenses for the enterprises of the military-industrial complex is proposed by determining the price of scientific and technical products at the stage of their development, taking into account the possibility of their use in the implementation of conversion projects

The Political Culture of the Metropolitan-Military Complex

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-299
Author(s):  
Roger W. Lotchin
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Military

Like many modern historians’ concepts, the notion of political culture comes to us from the social sciences, especially anthropology and political science. One assumes that political culture is a term familiar to most readers. The term metropolitan-military complex may require some explanation. I coined the phrase some years ago when undertaking a study of San Francisco politics. At the time, the inquiry was fairly conventional. Yet as I worked through the struggles over municipal services, labor and management problems, political structure, mass transit, minorities, parties, reformers, bosses, and so forth, the role of the military loomed ever larger. The longer the military was investigated, the more important that role appeared to be. Eventually, I changed the focus of my study from politics, conventionally defined, to the relationship between cities and the military. President Dwight D. Eisenhower used the term military-industrial complex in his 1961 farewell address to describe an alliance among technicians, congressmen, bureaucrats, military men, and businessmen. He did not define his words rigorously, but he left the definite impression that the military-industrial complex (MIC) was national in scope and something close to a conspiracy on behalf of greater defense spending. The president also implied that the MIC had only recently appeared. Subsequent commentators on the subject have largely followed this approach, stressing the importance of conspiracy, militarism, Washington bureaucrats, big business, and big congressmen. They have also accepted the World War II or cold war origins of the alliance as well as its national scope.

scholarly journals Global privatized power

Focaal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (73) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Maria Theresia Starzmann
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
The Military

The practice of archaeologists and other heritage specialists to embed with the US military in Iraq has received critical attention from anthropologists. Scholars have highlighted the dire consequences of such a partnership for cultural heritage protection by invoking the imperialist dimension of archaeological knowledge production. While critical of state power and increasingly of militarized para-state actors like the self-proclaimed Islamic State, these accounts typically eclipse other forms of collaboration with non-state organizations, such as private military and security companies (PMSCs). Focusing on the central role of private contractors in the context of heritage missions in Iraq since 2003, I demonstrate that the war economy's exploitative regime in regions marked by violent conflict is intensified by the growth of the military-industrial complex on a global scale. Drawing on data from interviews conducted with archaeologists working in the Middle East, it becomes clear how archaeology and heritage work prop up the coloniality of power by tying cultural to economic forms of control.

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