Housing middle-classness: formality and the making of distinction in Luanda

Africa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-528
Author(s):  
Claudia Gastrow
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Urban Aesthetics

AbstractAs one of the primary personal sites of financial investment, expression and public performance, housing has stood at the centre of contemporary studies of class in Africa. This article adds to the existing literature on housing and class by exploring residents’ desires for formal housing in post-conflict Luanda, Angola. Luanda's residents increasingly believed that access to formal housing, not necessarily always legally but rather aesthetically defined, was a primary means of affirming middle-class status. By highlighting the links between class, urban formality and the state, the article argues that formal housing became a means for both the state and Luandans to produce middle-classness. Existing beliefs about comportment and urban aesthetics, which anchored subjective understandings of class in the house, intersected with a political economy in which the state played a central role in enabling access to new residences. As such, formality has become a key means through which middle-classness is transforming urban landscapes, opening up discussions about aesthetic belonging, financial stability and the role of the state in the making of Africa's middle classes.

scholarly journals The role of the state in ensuring food import substitution at the regional level in a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00087
Author(s):  
Tatyana Solovyova ◽  
Danil Zyukin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Impact

The study analyzes the aspects that determine the change in the role of the state and the form of its impact on the agricultural sector in the context of the impact of the pandemic on all socio-economic processes in the country. The article reveals the importance of implementing the import substitution program from social and economic positions for Russia. A complex of adverse consequences brought by the pandemic to the public life and economy of the country is given, which determines the change in the role of the state in matters of regulation and direct financial support of agricultural production. The article discusses the advisability of using "helicopter money" as a way to help the population in difficult social conditions and at the same time as a way to stimulate effective demand for essential domestic products, including food products. In the context of a pandemic, the necessity of payments to support direct agricultural producers to maintain their financial stability is substantiated, the calculation of which is recommended to be tied to the arable land area and livestock population. The study provides a list of basic principles that are recommended to be applied when using instruments of direct financial support and regulation from the state. It is important to ensure not only the survival of agribusiness in the current conditions, but also to create opportunities for maintaining investment activity in the implementation of large projects, as well as to ensure the maintenance of the level of intensification in the current production cycle.

scholarly journals Developmental Post-Conflict Reconstruction in Postindependence Nigeria: Lessons From Asian Developmental States

2020 ◽  
pp. 154231662096966
Author(s):  
Eka Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
The State ◽  
Developmental States ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State And Market ◽  
Nigerian Civil War

Post-conflict reconstruction (PCR) has come away from a dynamic reading of the role of the state within contemporary reflections on peacebuilding. This article introduces the framework of developmental PCR that draws on the developmental state paradigm to offer a lens for understanding the role of the state and its complex interlinkages with other milieus such as the market in PCR. Developmental PCR is premised on three tenets: interdependence between economic development and security; the importance of state–market interdependencies within industrial development, as reconstruction; and how characterisations of statehood interact with reconstruction. The deployment of developmental PCR in the case study of the Nigerian Civil War illuminates certain realities such as the significance of economic nationalism to security, complex interdependencies across the state and market that underpinned key elements of industrial policy during reconstruction, and the nuances in the characterisation of the Nigerian state as strong on account of military regimes.

scholarly journals RETHINKING THE ROLE OF STATE IN ADDRESSING FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES OF THE BANKING SECTORS IN EASTERN EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Popović ◽  
Velimir Lukić
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Nonperforming Loans ◽  
Role Of The State

Financial problems in the banking sector have historically entailed significant government intervention and the allocation of significant funds for its rehabilitation. The recent financial crisis, manifested in Europe primarily as a banking crisis, reaffirmed the unwritten call of the state to intervene extensively to preserve economic and financial stability, but only for a set of old and developed EU Member States. The paper therefore analyzes the reformed role of the state in solving acute problems in transformed banking systems in Eastern Europe in the light of the post-crisis escalation of the volume of nonperforming loans. The focus of the role of the state was shifted from direct fiscal expenditures to raising the quality of the institutional environment and the rule of law, which enabled an impressive reduction in the rates of nonperforming loans. Foreign ownership in the banking sector has played a positive role because the financial backing of foreign subsidiaries has reduced potential fiscal costs on the one hand and on the other hand it contributed to maintaining confidence in the banking system.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

General Particulars Regarding the Conflict of Interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Changing Role

SummaryTheme conflicts of interest is one of the major reasons for concern local government, regional and central administrative and criminal legal implications aiming to uphold the integrity and decisions objectively. Also, most obviously, conflicts of interest occur at the national level where political stakes are usually highest, one of the determining factors of this segment being the changing role of the state itself, which creates opportunities for individual gain through its transformations.

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