Lipoteichoic acid from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as an oral photoprotective agent against UV-induced carcinogenesis

Probiotics are live micro-organisms that when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Cell surface molecules of these micro-organisms are being studied in relation to their ability to interact with the host. The cell wall of lactobacilli possesses lipoteichoic acids (LTA) which are molecules with immunomodulatory properties. UV radiation (UVR) has been proposed as the main cause of skin cancer because of its mutagenic and immunosuppressive effects. Photoprotection with some nutrition interventions including probiotics has recently been shown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the oral administration of purified LTA from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG can modulate the immune-suppressive effect of UVR and skin tumour development in female Crl:SKH-1-hrBR mice. For this purpose, two irradiation models were studied: (1) a chronic irradiation scheme consisting of daily irradiations during twenty consecutive days and (2) a long-term irradiation schedule, irradiating the animals three times per week, during 34 weeks for tumour development. The results showed that T-cells in the inguinal lymph node of LTA-treated mice produced higher levels of (1) interferon-γ and (2) a number of total, helper and cytotoxic T-cells compared with non-treated mice. Moreover, a significant delay in tumour appearance was found in LTA-treated mice. An increased IgA+ cell number was found in the small intestine together with a higher number of activated dendritic cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes. The latter results might be indicative of a direct effect of LTA in the gut, affecting the cutaneous immune system and restoring homeostasis through the gut–skin axis.

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Adaptation factors of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2010.0032 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 335-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

S. Lebeer ◽

J. Vanderleyden ◽

S. De Keersmaecker

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

Probiotic Lactobacilli ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Performance Adaptation

Probiotic bacteria are administered as live micro-organisms to provide a health benefit to the host. Knowledge on adaptation factors that promote the survival and persistence of probiotics in the intestine is key to understand and improve their ecological and probiotic performance. Adaptation factors include adhesins, molecules conferring stress tolerance and nutritional versatility, antimicrobial products against competing microbes, and factors promoting resistance against the host immune system. Here, we present an overview of the current knowledge on adaptation factors of probiotic lactobacilli, with focus on the prototypical and widely documented probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviates β-conglycinin-induced allergy by regulating the T cell receptor signaling pathway

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d0fo02124e ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 10554-10567 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaoxu Chen ◽

Xiuli Zhao ◽

Yaozhong Hu ◽

Bowei Zhang ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

T Cell Receptor ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Tcr Signaling ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

T Cell Receptor Signaling ◽

Receptor Signaling Pathway ◽

Cell Receptor Signaling

LGG alleviates the β-CG induced allergic response by regulating the differentiation of T cells, maintains the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg via the TCR signaling pathway.

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Interactions between Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and oral micro-organisms in an in vitro biofilm model

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-016-0759-7 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Qingru Jiang ◽

Iva Stamatova ◽

Veera Kainulainen ◽

Riitta Korpela ◽

Jukka H. Meurman

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Micro Organisms

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Early-life Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Supplementation of High-risk for Asthma Infants Reprograms Gut Microbiota Development and promotes regulatory T-cells

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.103 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. AB15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliana Durack ◽

Nikole E. Kimes ◽

Din Lin ◽

Michelle McKean ◽

Marcus Rauch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

High Risk ◽

Regulatory T Cells ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Early Life ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg

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Immunoregulatory T cell circuits in man. Alloantigen-primed inducer T cells activate alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells in the absence of the initial antigenic stimulus.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.158.1.159 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 158 (1) ◽

pp. 159-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

N K Damle ◽

E G Engleman

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Human Peripheral Blood ◽

Cytotoxic T Cells ◽

Suppressor Cells ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Third Party ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

Suppressor T Cells ◽

Specific Suppressor T Cells

Although alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells are generated in MLR, the cellular signals that lead to activation of suppressor T cells as opposed to cytotoxic T cells are unknown. The current study was undertaken to characterize interactions among T cell subsets involved in the generation of suppressor T cells in MLR. Human peripheral blood Leu-2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) and Leu-3+ (helper/inducer) T cell subsets were activated with allogeneic non-T cells and then examined for their inductive effects on fresh autologous T cells. Fresh Leu-2+ cells proliferated in response to alloantigen-primed Leu-3+ cells and subsequently suppressed the response of fresh autologous Leu-3+ cells to the original, but not third party, allogeneic stimulator non-T cells. Moreover, only Leu-2+ cells that lacked the 9.3 marker, an antigen present on the majority of T cells including precursors of cytotoxic T cells, differentiated into suppressor cells. The alloantigen-specific suppressive effect of Leu-2+,9.3-cells was not mediated by cytolysis of allogeneic stimulator cells, nor could it be explained by alteration of MLR kinetics. Suppression was observed only when activated Leu-2+ cells were added to fresh MLRs within 24 h of initiation of cultures, suggesting that these cells block an early phase of the activation of Leu-3+ cells in MLR. These results indicate that alloantigen-primed inducer T cells can activate alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells in the absence of allogeneic stimulator cells.

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Tu1857 – Neonatal Supplementation with a Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg (LGG)-Derived Protein, P40, Stimulates Persistent Induction of Regulatory T Cells in the Intestine Through Epigenetic Programming in Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(19)39843-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 156 (6) ◽

pp. S-1149

Author(s):

Yilin Deng ◽

Liping G. Liu ◽

Oliver G. McDonald ◽

Keith T. Wilson ◽

Richard M. Peek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Regulatory T Cells ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

Epigenetic Programming

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Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the maturation and differentiation of dendritic cells in rotavirus-infected mice

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2016.0157 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 645-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Y. Jiang ◽

L. Ye ◽

Y. Cui ◽

G. Yang ◽

W. Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Vaccine Strategy ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Ifn Γ

Rotavirus-related diarrhoea is considered one of the most important diseases in field animal production. In addition to the classic vaccine strategy, a number of studies have utilised probiotics, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), to prevent rotavirus-induced diarrhoea. Although it has been partially revealed that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in the LGG-mediated protection against rotavirus infection, the details of the underlying immunologic mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, three-to-four-week-old female BALB/c mice were divided into three groups and orally administered phosphate buffered saline (PBS), PBS plus rotavirus or LGG plus rotavirus, respectively. The differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) were then determined by FACS, the expression levels of TLR-3 and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) were evaluated using real time PCR, and the production of inflammatory cytokines in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were determined by ELISA. The results demonstrated that rotavirus infection significantly increased the percentage of CD11c+CD11b+CD8a- DCs and decreased the percentage of CD11c+CD11b-CD8a+ DCs in MLNs. By contrast, the presence of LGG significantly decreased the percentage of CD11c+CD11b+CD8a- DCs and increased the percentage of CD11c+CD11b-CD8a+ DCs, which indicates that the differentiation of DCs is involved in the protective effects of LGG. Rotavirus infection also resulted in the increased expression of surface markers such as CD40, CD80 and MHC-II in DCs, and the administration of LGG significantly increased the expression level further. The mRNA levels of TLR-3 and NF-κB in the intestine and MLNs were also significantly increased in the presence of rotavirus, which was further increased in the presence of LGG. The production of inflammatory cytokines was also determined, and the results showed that rotavirus caused the increased production of interleukin (IL)-12 and tumour necrosis factor alpha; this effect was further enhanced by LGG. Meanwhile, although rotavirus infection led to the increased production of IL-6 and IL-10, the presence of LGG significantly decreased the mRNA levels of these cytokines. By contrast, rotavirus infection resulted in the decreased production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and the administration of LGG significantly increased the levels of IFN-γ. Taken together, the protective effects of LGG were partially due to the modulation of the differentiation and maturation of DCs, the increased production of TLR-3 and NF-κB, and the modulation of inflammatory cytokines.

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MICROENCAPSULATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF VIABILITY OF LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS GG

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.54.11.11004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 61-63

Author(s):

S Chauhan Bisht ◽

◽

R. Chauhan ◽

V. Singh

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Cellulose Derivatives ◽

Enteric Coating ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Encapsulated Cells ◽

Plate Counts ◽

Harsh Condition ◽

Extrusion Method

Probiotics are microorganisms which, when taken orally, give benificial results for human gut wellbeing. In this study, microcapsules loaded with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were prepared with the traditional extrusion method using low methoxy pectin (3%) alone and in combination with cellulose derivatives and coated with and without Cellacefate (10 % w/V) solution as an enteric coating material. Non capsulated and encapsulated cells were exposed to simulated gastrointestinal fluids for 6 h, and then evaluated for viability using plate counts method. All encapsulated formulations were able to improve the viability of LGG during passage through the harsh condition of GIT and the Cellacefate coated formulations were able to maintain viable bacterial concentration of >107 CFU/g (minimum concentration of probiotics for health benefit).This study reports the viability of encapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in LMP coated bead was higher than the controlled and non coated beads.

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Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Promotes Mouse Gut Microbiota Diversity and T Cell Differentiation

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.607735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Chun-wei Shi ◽

Ming-yang Cheng ◽

Xin Yang ◽

Yi-yuan Lu ◽

Hong-duo Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Treg Cells ◽

Th2 Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Host Immune System ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽

Ifn Γ

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the primary genera of the intestinal flora and have many probiotic functions. In the present study, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) ATCC 53103 was used to treat BALB/c mice. After LGG intervention, both low and high LGG doses were shown to improve the observed OTU, Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices, while the Simpson index decreased, demonstrating that LGG can promote intestinal microbiota abundance and diversity. Furthermore, LGG treatment increased the abundances of intestinal Firmicutes, Bacteroides and Actinomycetes while reducing that of Proteobacteria. In addition to its effect on gut the microbiota, LGG could also regulate the host immune system. In the present study, we showed that LGG could affect the percentage of CD3+ T lymphocytes in the spleens (SPLs), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), Peyer’s patches (PPs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) of mice, including total CD3+ T, CD3+CD4+ T, and CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes. Furthermore, LGG could effectively increase the expression of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4) in CD4+ T cells, indicating that the proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells in mice with LGG treatment was in a high equilibrium state compared to the control group. In addition, the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was greater than 1 in mice with LGG intervention, suggesting that LGG tends to mediate the Th1 immune response. The results of the present study also showed that LGG upregulated the expression of IL-17 in CD4+ T cells and regulated the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in various secondary immunological organs, indicating that LGG may promote the balance of Th-17 and Treg cells.

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