GROUNDNUT YIELD RESPONSE AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF FUNGICIDE AND PHOSPHORUS APPLICATION IN FARMER-MANAGED TRIALS IN NORTHERN GHANA

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. NAAB ◽  
S. S. SEINI ◽  
K. O. GYASI ◽  
G. Y. MAHAMA ◽  
P. V. V. PRASAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

SUMMARYPrior on-station research showed that sowing dates, sowing density and applications of fungicide and phosphorus (P) increased groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) pod yield by 60–80%. Farmer-managed trials were conducted in the Wa district of the Upper West Region of Ghana from 2004 to 2007 to test the yield response to sowing density, fungicide and P and to assess economic returns of these technologies to farmers. Treatments included: an early maturing groundnut cultivar, Chinese, sown at farmers' density (5–8 plant m−2) without fungicide and without P application (T1, control), with fungicide sprays alone (T2), or with fungicide and P application (T3), cultivar Chinese sown at recommended (higher) density (20 plant m−2) with fungicide and P application (T4), and a full season cultivar, Manipinter, with fungicide and P application (T5). Soil fertility, sowing density, days from sowing to first weeding, incidence and severity of leaf-spot disease and plant population at final harvest were recorded. Relative to farmers' practice, pod yield of cultivar Chinese was significantly increased by 80% with fungicide sprays alone, 108% with fungicide and P application, and 113% with fungicide and P application at higher sowing density. Cultivar Manipinter treated with fungicide and P gave 107% increase in pod yield relative to farmers' practice. Correlation and stepwise regression analyses suggested that major determinants of groundnut pod yield in farmers' fields were plant density, leaf-spot disease and P availability. The increase in yield with fungicide and P application translated into a 4–5-fold increase in gross margin for farmers in the region. Returns to labour and labour productivity were doubled with combined use of fungicide and P fertilizer.

Response of Peanut to Fungicide and Phosphorus in On-station and On-farm Tests in Ghana

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Naab ◽  
P. V. V. Prasad ◽  
K. J. Boote ◽  
J. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important component of cropping systems in West Africa. Identifying production constraints in farmers' fields and evaluating possible management strategies are of prime importance to improve peanut productivity and adoption of new technologies. The objective of our research was to study the influence of fungicides and phosphorus application on severity of leaf spot, dry matter production and pod yield of peanut crops grown in on-station and farmer participatory tests (on-farm conditions) in Northern Ghana. On-station tests to evaluate yield benefits of fungicide sprays and applications of phosphorus were conducted at Wa. On-station tests included two fungicide treatments (no-spray versus fungicide spray) at four P fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P ha−1). On-farm tests were conducted in three villages Nakor, Piisi and Janguasi with participation of 6–11 farmers per village. On-farm tests included three treatments: (i) farmers' practice of no-fungicide and no-fertilizer (control), (ii) only fungicide, and (iii) combination of fungicide and phosphorus. The commonly grown Spanish type cultivar Chinese (90-d duration) was selected. Both leaf spot and lack of phosphorus nutrition were yield-limiting factors in on-farm tests. Applications of fungicide were effective in controlling leaf spot and improved peanut pod yield on average by 49% in the three tested field sites in on-farm tests and by 40% in on-station tests. Application of phosphorus to fungicide-treated plots further increased pod yield by 32% when compared to fungicide alone in on-farm tests. Combination of both fungicide and P fertilizer improved peanut pod yield by 95% (ranged from 75 to 120%), when compared to farmers' practice of no-fungicide and no-fertilizer.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar Response to Leaf Spot Disease Development Under Four Disease Management Programs1

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Grichar ◽  
B. A. Besler ◽  
A. J. Jaks
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Disease Pressure

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod yield and response to early and late leaf spots [caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Deighton, respectively] were evaluated on six runner-type cultivars under four leaf spot spray programs using tebuconazole at 0.23 kg ai/ha and chlorothalonil at 1.26 kg ai/ha. The four leaf spot spray programs included unsprayed, 14-d schedule, 21-d schedule, and 28-d schedule. With the 14- and 21-d schedule, chlorothalonil was applied at the first and last applications with a maximum of four tebuconazole applications for the middle sprays. On the 28-d schedule, tebuconazole was applied four times. Under conditions of heavy leaf spot disease pressure where no fungicide was applied, Southern Runner and Georgia Browne were slightly less susceptible (although not significantly) to early or late leaf spot than Florunner, GK-7, Georgia Runner, or Sunrunner. Less leaf spot was present in the 14-d schedule compared to 21- or 28-d schedules. Although there was no yield difference between the 14-, 21-, or 28-d schedules, the plots sprayed on a 14-d schedule yielded 43% more than the unsprayed. When averaged across all spray schedules, Georgia Browne yielded 15% more peanuts than Georgia Runner.

scholarly journals ​Management of Early Leaf Spot (Cercospora arachidicola) of Groundnut in Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikash Kumar ◽  
Narendra Singh ◽  
B.D.S. Nathawat ◽  
Data Ram Kumhar
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Plant Disease Management

Background: Early leaf spot caused by Cercospora arachidicola Hori. is most destructive disease in all the groundnut growing areas of Rajasthan, under severe infestation it cause 30-50% losses in pod yield. Recently, Central Insecticide Board (CIB), Faridabade banned 27 pesticides including some important fungicides which are extensively used in plant disease management. Therefore, in the present investigation, our main emphasis was to find out some new fungicides for management of early leaf spot disease. Methods: Ten fungicides (hexaconazole 5% EC, difenconazole 25% EC, propiconazole 25% EC, tebuconazole 25.9% EC, trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% WG, mancozeb 50% WP, chlorothalonil 75% WP, carbendazim 50% WP, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP and captan 70% + hexaconazole 5% WP) were evaluated against early leaf spot pathogen (C. arachidicola) both in lab as well as in field condition. The experiment was conducted at ARS, SKRAU, Bikaner during Kharif-2019 on most popular cv. HNG-69 in RBD design with the application of foliar spray of ten different fungicides at different concentrations against early leaf spot disease and compared with an untreated control. Result: Among all the fungicides used in the present investigation, Tebuconazole 25.9% EC was found most effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen followed by trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% WG. Under field condition, it gave maximum (70.73%) disease control with highest pod yield (31.5 q/ha) and net return (Rs 57,500/ha) when applied as foliar spray at 0.1% concentration followed by trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50% WG at 0.2%. These treatments can provide an effective and economical management of early leaf spot disease for groundnut cultivators.

scholarly journals Planting Date Effect upon Leaf spot Disease and Pod Yield across Years and Peanut Genotypes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Branch ◽  
I.N. Brown ◽  
A.K. Culbreath
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
University Of Georgia ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The University

During 2012, 2015, and 2018 a set of 18 peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes (some common and some different) were used to evaluate the effect of planting dates (April, May, and June) on leaf spot disease and pod yield. Within each year, the same genotypes were grown during the three planting dates at the Gibbs Farm near the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA using a randomized complete block design with five replications without fungicides or insecticides but with irrigation. Each year, significant differences (P≤0.05) were found among the genotypes within each of these three planting dates for leaf spot disease ratings (0-9 scale) and pod yields. ‘Georganic’ in 2012 and 2015; and GA 132705, ‘Georgia-19HP’, and ‘Georgia-14N’ in 2018 had among the lowest leaf spot ratings. ‘Georgia-12Y’ had the highest average pod yield for each year of the three years. Each year during this study, the April planting date had the lowest, and the June planting date had the highest leaf spot disease ratings. Percent coefficient of variation (CV) was consistently lower at the June planting date which suggest the least variability among the peanut genotypes. In the overall average of genotypes, the April planting date resulted in the highest pod yield and the June planting date had the lowest average pod yield. In summary, April planting dates resulted in the highest pod yields, and the lowest leaf spot ratings across each of the three years.

Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars to late leaf spot disease (Passalora personata) under different sowing dates

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Dey ◽  
D. N. Dhutraj ◽  
A. P. Suryawanshi ◽  
Ritika Bhattacharjee ◽  
Diganggana Talukdar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Defoliation Frequency

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of date of sowing on groundnut cultivars against late leaf spot disease severity, defoliation, frequency and size of the leaf spot which revealed that all these aspects were significantly influenced by the date of sowing and crop varieties which directly affect the pod yield and test weight. The crop sown early on 25th June exhibited maximum mean late leaf spot disease severity (range 43.63 to 54.05%), defoliation (range, 17.22 to 22.30%), frequency (range, 1.32 to 1.78 / mm2) and size (range, 1.49 to 1.56 / mm2) and thereby gave reduced pod yield (range, 1225 to 1720 kg/ha) and test weight (28.66 to 32.97 g) followed by 10th July and 25th July. Among the groundnut cultivars, susceptible cv. JL 24 exhibited maximum mean disease severity (range, 35.94 to 54.05 %), defoliation (range, 11.61 to 22.30 %), frequency (range, 1.23 to 1.78 / mm2) and size (range, 1.26 to 1.56 / mm2), followed by TAG 24 and TG 26. However, LGN 1 exhibited least mean disease severity, defoliation, frequency and size with the highest pod yield (ranges, 1720 to 2332 kg/ha) and test weight (ranges, 32.97 to 38.59 g).

TWO NEW SEVERE LEAF SPOT DISEASE ON FOREST TREES OF JALGAON (MAHARASTRA) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. FIRDOUSI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Fungal Disease ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
First Report ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Severe Leaf

During the survey of the forest fungal disease, of Jalgaon district, two severe leaf spot diseases on Lannae coromandelica and ( Ougenia dalbergioides (Papilionaceae) were observed in Jalgaon, forest during July to September 2016-17. The casual organism was identified as Stigmina lanneae and Phomopsis sp. respectively1-4,7. These are first report from Jalgaon and Maharashtra state.

Rapid Inoculation Technique and Biological Control of Leaf Spot Disease in Oil Palm

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Agustina ◽  
◽  
Cahya Prihatna ◽  
Antonius Suwanto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Inoculation Technique ◽  
Spot Disease

scholarly journals Registration of three peanut allotetraploid interspecific hybrids resistant to late leaf spot disease and tomato spotted wilt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Chu ◽  
H. Thomas Stalker ◽  
Kathleen Marasigan ◽  
Chandler M. Levinson ◽  
Dongying Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Late Leaf Spot ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt

A rapid leaf-disc vacuum-infiltration screening for assessing resistance to bacterial leaf spot disease in anthurium

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 110344
Author(s):  
Annelle W.B. Holder-John ◽  
Winston Elibox ◽  
Pathmanathan Umaharan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Vacuum Infiltration ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Spot Disease
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