The Relationship between Trade and Foreign Direct Investment: Testing Ahmed Midhat Efendi's Hypothesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-549
Author(s):  
V. Necla Geyikdagi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The West ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Independent Thinking

“Jack of all trades” Ahmed Midhat Efendi, one of the most famous and popular Ottoman writers of the 19th century, ranged widely in his subject matter, which included economics. Although he was criticized for not having a proper education in the field, his independent thinking made him the most important critic of the laissez-faire system that prevailed in the Ottoman Empire. He disapproved of the liberalism transferred from the West in a normative framework.

scholarly journals The Reflection of Manifestations of West Culture in Ahmad Fars Al-Shadiaq’s Works

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Zahra Khosravi Vamkani ◽  
Mahdi Najafi Koomleh
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Literary Movements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century

The most important reasons of the appearance of new literary movements in the Arabic countries can be the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the dispatch of students and the people’s emigration to Europe, the establishment of printing, newspaper and magazine industry.In fact, the 19th century is the age of awakening of Arabic countries and their relationships with European countries. Meanwhile, thinkers such as Ahmad Fars Shadiaq have attempted more for opening the west civilization gates and advancement of the goals of this movement. In this era, the civilization gates were more opened to all groups living in the society and the cause of dehiscence of potential talents in Arabic countries was provided and it internalized the backgrounds of development, promotion and civil amendments of these countries.In the present study, the attempts have been made to investigate the shut-in-personality of Ahmad Fars Shadiiaq and the reflection of west culture in his works regarding the individual freedoms, social justice and women.

E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoyevsky: social and literature connections

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Elena V. Alexandrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
The West ◽  
Eastern Question ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

The paper is dedicated to the relationship of E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoevsky in the 40s and 60s of the 19th century. The work examines the writers’ sociopolitical views during the period of their participation in the circle of M. V. Petrashevsky and the meetings of S. F. Durov and A. I. Palm. Both writers being influenced by the ideas of the Petrashevtsy inevitably affected their work and, in particular, the narrator’s, the typology of heroes. The friendly relationship between E. P. Kovalevsky and F. M. Dostoevsky was to be continued within the framework of the Literary Fund activities. Kovalevsky highly appreciated Dostoevsky’s work in the Fund. Since 1860, the writer was an indispensable participant in all literary readings and performances. Consideration is given to the aspects of mutual understanding and mutual influence bringing the two artists together in solving complex issues: the attitude to Russian life, the situation and psychology of modern man in Russia and the West, the Eastern question on the example of Kovalevsky’s essay “An episode from the war of the Montenegrins with the Austrians” and chapters from “A Writer’s Diary” for July - August 1876 “Idealist-Cynics” and “Should One Be Ashamed of Being an Idealist?” by Dostoevsky. They are united by a caring attitude towards the Slavic peoples. For the first time, this paper presents the unpublished letters of Kovalevsky to Dostoevsky and the letters of Palm to Kovalevsky.

Globalization in the Ottoman Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-188
Author(s):  
Büşra Karataşer
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
World Order ◽  
New World Order ◽  
The West ◽  
Institutional Relations ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this chapter is to examine how globalization has played a decisive role in the Ottoman Empire and how it created reform through international trade policies and institutions. The first part will examine the concept of globalization and the integration of the Ottoman Empire into the West, the fundamentals of the Ottomanmentality and the effects of globalization on the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. The second part will examine how globalization played a decisive role in the Ottoman Empire, the 19th century Ottoman economy, Ottoman international trade, and Ottoman external loans. The third part examines the institutionalization and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, reforms in naval affairs during the reign of Abdul Hamid II, and the organization of the navy. The fourth part will examine the institutional relations in the Ottoman Empire after globalization. Institutions will be examined in terms of how they were restructured or how new ones were created to adapt to a new world order.

scholarly journals The origin of teaching as a profession in Japan: A transnational analysis of the relationship between professionalism and nationalism in the 19th century

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Aki Sakuma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
The United States ◽  
European American ◽  
The West ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Origins

How was the concept of «teaching as a profession» advocated in the 19th century? In this study, this question is analysed by focusing on how the Japanese version of the concept was imported from the West and subsequently transformed in this non-Christian setting. It was formulated not only by a national action to create a strong centralized nation-state in Asia, but also through the transnational interaction of European, American, and Japanese educational leaders. First, the author argues that, the early Japanese concept of «teaching as a profession» is explored by examining the ideas of Mori Arinori, the first Minister of Education. Mori claimed that, in order to safeguard children’s morality, teaching should be a holy-calling profession in Japan. For him, this meant educating the subsequent generations to be obedient to their holy nation. Second, Mori’s images of education are shown to be consistent with those in the United States, where he had studied as a diplomat. These images were shared not only by US leaders such as Horace Mann, but also with Prussian and French leaders of the era. In both countries, both the holy-calling theory and the profession theory included nationalism, whose ultimate aim was education for the nation. However, while the sacredness of the republican polity was based on the ideals of individualism and liberty in the United States, the sacredness of the imperial polity in Japan was promoted by the Emperor the apotheosis of the imperial line, unbroken for ages eternal. These historical origins of the concept of teaching suggest why the professionalisation of teaching in Japan has been advanced by forces that hoist the flag of national particularism, and by a government that supports this view. This implies that teaching professionalism does not always connote democracy or the human rights of children/teachers.

scholarly journals Establishment of the Greek state (1830)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Gulnara Sadraddinova
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The West ◽  
London Protocol ◽  
The 19Th Century

At the beginning of the 19th century, under the influence of the French bourgeois revolution and nationalist ideas, the Greeks revolted to secede from the Ottoman Empire and gain independence. It was no coincidence that the main members of the Filiki Etheriya Society, which led the uprising, as well as its secret leaders were Greeks who served the Russian government. Russia, which wanted to break up the Ottoman Empire and gain a foothold in the seas, had been embroiled in various conflicts with the Austrian alliance since the 18th century, before the uprising. Russia, which managed to isolate the Ottoman Empire from the West through the Greek uprising, also acquired large tracts of land through the Edirne Peace Treaty, which was signed as a result of the Russo-Turkish War. However, although Britain, France, Austria, and Prussia agreed with Russia on granting autonomy to Greece, they did not intend to transfer control of the newly formed state to Russia. The revolt of the Greeks against the Ottoman Empire in 1821-1830 resulted in the victory of the Greeks. The revolt was organized and intensified with the help of great powers. The article discusses Greece's independence as a result of the uprising. In this regard, the London Protocol of April 3, 1830, signed by Russia, France and England, is of special importance. The newly established Greek state was revived as the Aegean state. Greece's borders have become clearer. The article also deals with the redefinition of the Ottoman-Greek borders by the Treaty of Constantinople of 1832. Although the London Protocol of 1830 formally established the Greek state, the Great Powers and the Greeks were not content with that. Russia, as during the uprising, remained a state that influenced the "Eastern policy" of European states after the uprising. This study was dedicated to all these factors.

scholarly journals ‘DOMESTIC FOREIGNERS’: THE PROCESSES OF ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION IN SERBIA IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
Бојана Миљковић Катић ◽  
Љубодраг П. Ристић
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
The West ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Religious Differences

The paper analyzes the processes of acculturation and enculturation in the Principality of Serbia through the prism of the appearance of so-called domestic foreigners – individuals and groups that in legal terms should have been seen as the domestic population but were treated as foreigners in local communities. Although they were native to the same state (Jews, Muslims and Christians, settlers from the Ottoman Empire, resettled Serbs and members of other nations in the Habsburg Empire who had taken the citizenship of the Principality of Serbia), large parts of the local population were not accepted as parts of the community and were instead treated as foreigners. The reason could be their different patterns of life and work; religious differences; or their membership in a guild. Only those who had learned their trade or were members of the local guild were fully integrated and considered domicile, regardless of their nationality. Some newcomers were not willing to adopt the cultural patterns of the new milieu, particularly Muslims/Turks, Jews and Gypsies, as well as well-educated Serbian newcomers and natives educated in the West. The intensity of enculturаtion processes among Serbs and other Christians dropped in the second half of the 19th century, due to the integration of the society through the rise of the national concept.

The Ottoman Empire and the Indian Ocean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. S. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
Indian Ocean Trade ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Western Half

With its conquest of the Arab lands in the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire (1300–1923) came to control some of the major entrepots of the Indian Ocean trade in the west. This expansion, however, also brought the Ottomans into confrontation with the Portuguese, who were seeking to establish a monopoly of the lucrative spice trade. In the first half of the 16th century, Ottoman involvement was limited to the western half of the Indian Ocean, but in the later 16th century, the Southeast Asian sultanate of Aceh forged an alliance with the Ottomans, which, if short-lived in practice, was to attain considerable symbolic importance in later times. Ottoman involvement in the Indian Ocean resumed in the 19th century, again as a reaction to European colonial activities. In the meantime, both commercial and religious links, in particular the hajj, meant that the Ottomans had a prominent role in the Indian Ocean despite only controlling limited littoral territories.

scholarly journals “Balkans” in Russian Encyclopedic Dictionaries of First Half of 19th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-355
Author(s):  
K. A. Kasatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
Unpublished Work ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The ways of representing the Balkan Peninsula that existed in Russia in the first half of the 19th century are analyzed in the article. The sources for the study were encyclopedic dictionaries of the first half of the 19th century. (A.A. Plyushar, L.I. Zeddeler, A.V. Starchevsky), as well as an unpublished work by I.P. Liprandi “The Experience of the Word Interpreter of the Ottoman Empire”. The author argues that for a long time the Balkan Peninsula was not perceived as a single region with a set of historically deter-mined features. Arguments are presented confirming that certain areas of the peninsula were elements of different discourses. The relationship between the choice of a particular register of descriptions by the authors of the dictionaries and the political affiliation of the described regions of the Balkan Peninsula is shown. The relationship between the choice of a particular register of descriptions by the authors of the dictionaries and the political affiliation of the described regions of the Balkan Peninsula is shown. A special attitude of the authors of encyclopedias to Serbia and Greece, the newly formed states on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula, has been established. Examples are given that show the duality of their images in the Russian narrative in the first half of the 19th century.

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