Learning of Biographical Writing for Coping with Ethnic Prejudice in a Culturally Diverse Society

<p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of this paper is to explore if the learning of biographical writing contributes to the positive views and attitudes towards others of different groups. The paper used the Research and Development approach by designing and implementing a learning model of biographical writing. The subjects of this study were 200 seventh-grade students having different ethnic and religious backgrounds from nine junior high schools. The data-collecting method was pretest-posttest. The results of the study demonstrated that the average scores of the aspects of student empathy, student positive attitudes towards ethnic differences, and student positive attitudes towards religious differences increased in all the schools investigated. The increase of average score in the aspect of student empathy, positive attitudes towards ethnic differences, and positive attitudes towards religious differences could be classified into three categories: high, medium, and low. Most of the schools under study experienced medium and low increases of average score in all aspects.</p>

Confessional Coexistence in the Habsburg Netherlands

For decades, early modern historians have stressed the religious differences between the Dutch Republic and the Habsburg Netherlands. The former is usually represented as a tolerant Reformed state, while the latter is represented as a repressive Catholic regime. By consequence, the similarities in terms of confessional coexistence have never been considered. This article seeks to fill that gap by reviewing the Geuzenhoek, a small rural Reformed minority group in Flanders. Fortunately, a plethora of available sources allows us to research the interactions between the Protestants and the Catholic majority. This article shows that the divide between public worship and private devotion played a key role in keeping peaceful interreligious relations and that a stable system of connivance dominated the local framework. This situation was very similar to that of the Dutch Republic. As a result, this study concludes that confessional coexistence in the Habsburg Netherlands should be re-evaluated and merits further investigation. Vroegmoderne historici hebben jarenlang vooral de religieuze verschillen tussen de Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden en de Habsburgse Nederlanden benadrukt. De een werd gewoonlijk voorgesteld als een tolerante gereformeerde staat, terwijl de andere bekendstond als een repressief katholiek regime. De gelijkenissen op vlak van confessionele co-existentie zijn daarom nooit nader onderzocht. Dit artikel wil dit hiaat opvullen door de Geuzenhoek, een kleine landelijke gereformeerde minderheidsgroep in Vlaanderen, onder de loep te nemen. Dankzij een ruime collectie aan bronnen konden de interacties tussen de protestanten en de katholieken in beeld gebracht worden. Dit artikel toont aan dat de scheiding tussen publieke en private devotie een grote invloed had op het bewerkstelligen van vredige contacten, en dat in deze lokale context een systeem van ‘oogluikendheid’ domineerde. Deze situatie is vergelijkbaar met die in de Republiek. De conclusie van deze studie is dan ook dat de confessionele co-existentie in de Habsburgse Nederlanden een herevaluatie en verder onderzoek verdient. ActualiteitsparagraafVrienden noch vijanden? Katholieken en protestanten in vroegmodern Vlaanderen Over de interacties van protestanten en katholieken in het verleden overheersen ook vandaag nog hardnekkige clichés: ze konden elkaars bloed wel drinken, geweld tussen religieuze groepen kwam vaak voor en verdraagzaamheid was vrijwel onbestaand. Toch was de historische realiteit vaak anders. Roman Roobroeck toont in zijn artikel in BMGN – Low Countries Historical Review over de Geuzenhoek aan dat de verhoudingen tussen katholieken en protestanten in het zeventiende-eeuwse overwegend katholieke Vlaanderen opvallend vreedzaam waren. Tussen de leden van deze rurale protestantse groep nabij Oudenaarde en hun katholieke buren ontsponnen zich conflicten, maar over het algemeen waren hun relaties vreedzaam. De protestantse dorpelingen profiteerden van het afwachtende beleid van de Habsburgers en ontwierpen samen met de lokale katholieken een gedoogsamenleving. Deze vorm van religieuze co-existentie kwam dus niet enkel in de Noordelijke Nederlanden voor, maar ook in de Habsburgse Nederlanden. Misschien was het religieuze klimaat in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden dan toch niet zo rigide als vaak gedacht?

Partisipasi Pesantren Luhur Al-Husna dalam Perdamaian Nasional: Studi tentang Peran Pesantren di Surabaya

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-US">This article aims to discuss and see further how big the role of the students of the Luhur Al-Husna Islamic Boarding School when facing plurality, both related to religious differences and certain sects. To answer these objectives, this article uses qualitative research with the type of phenomenology with analysis using the theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckman which includes externalization, objectification, and internalization. In instilling the value of peace in students, the Luhur Al-Husna Islamic Boarding School has two directions: namely, through the dawuh of Kiai Ali Maschan and through the customization ethics of the pesantren. Both of these are part of verbalization. While the teachings of the yellow book, have a secondary influence or role in cultivating the value of peace for Al-Husna students. These two things are external aspects in the pesantren that are understood and objectified into a general truth, that the Luhur Al-Husna Islamic Boarding School is a pesantren of "Peace." Then the value of peace is internalized in morals and behavior which leads to activities and taking roles in peace organizations and groups.</span></p>

Skisma dalam Gereja Protestan, Warisan yang dapat ditolak

All the differences among the church, the religious differences and those that were largely cultural or political, came together to cause the schism. It evoke when people or things are separate or become separate from other people or other thing. Opinions concerning the nature and consequences of schism vary with the different conceptions of the nature of the church. In the 20th century the ecumenical movement tried to worked for reunion among churches. The big result of the cooperation between Roman Catholics and Protestants after the second Vatican Council (1962–1965) has resulted in more flexible attitudes within the churches concerning the problems of schism. Then, in the Protestant church, schism is a rejectable legacy.

Lübnan’da Ortak Kimliğin Oluşumunda Sedir Devrimi’nin Rolü

The Lebanese lands, which hosted many different ethnic and religious identities under the Ottoman Empire's rule, could not bring together the plural and distinctive differences within it on common ground. The most crucial factor for the lack of common ground is the Mutasarrifate system established with the interference of France and other European states under the Ottoman rule in the country. The Mutasarrifate system's institutionalization and the building of administrative changes on this system in Lebanon's historical breaking moments brought the fragmented structure to the present day. As a result, this political system based on ethnic and religious differences prevented a Lebanese state citizen identity based on common rights and responsibilities. In the continuation and afterward of the demonstrations that started right after the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri in Lebanon in 2005, a broad social consensus ground could not be established. Considered as the reflection of color revolutions in the Middle East, the Cedar Revolution could not produce more democratic and inclusive results as claimed.

ASPEK HUKUM WASIAT WAJIBAH UNTUK AHLI WARIS ANAK KANDUNG YANG BERBEDA AGAMA DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 51 K/AG/1999

The barrier to inheritance or mawani 'al-irth is a barrier to the implementation of inheritance between the heir and his heirs. One of the barriers to the implementation of war is religious differences. Religious differences are one of the barriers that can cause a person to not be able to receive inheritance from someone who has died. The existence of these religious differences becomes a barrier to inheritance which has been explained based on a hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW: "It is not right for a Muslim to respect an infidel, nor do an infidel respect a Muslim" (HR Bukhari & Muslim). Research Methods in this scientific papers using normative juridical research methods and using data collection techniques carried out using descriptive analysis techniques, with secondary data sources, which include primary legal materials such as laws and regulations relating to the rights of children and wives in divorce cases, sued unseen husbands, as well as secondary legal materials such as books, journals, articles, and other legal doctrines. From the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the position of non-Muslim children on the inheritance of heirs who are Muslim is not as heirs because Islamic Inheritance Law does not recognize the existence of heirs to people of different religions (nonMuslims).However, according to the Panel of Judges and, according to Islamic inheritance law, heirs who are not Muslim, cannot be heirs, but because Islamic inheritance law in Indonesia contains an egalitarian principle, relatives who are religious other than Islam who have blood relations with the heirs can get the share of inheritance by using a mandatory will without exceeding the share of heirs who are equal to it, this is in accordance with the Decision of the Supreme Court.

PERKAWINAN BEDA AGAMA DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN ANAK DI DESA WONOREJO KABUPATEN SITUBONDO

Manusia adalah makluk sosial yang tidak mungkin bisa hidup tanpa bantuan orang lain. Karena itu, ia hidup bermasyarakat dan mengembangkan kebudayaan serta peradaban untuku kepentingan bersama. Maka pernikahan merupakan jalan dalam bersosialisasi dengan manusia lainnya. Akan tetapi jika pernikahan dihadapkan pada masalah perbedaan terutama perbedaan agama maka hal ini menjadi rumit untuk menjalankan roda kehidupan kedepan. Sebab, jika sudah memiliki anak maka hal ini dapat menimbulkan kegoncangan pada diri anak. Ia akan ragu untuk memilih antara agama ayah atau ibunya. Islam sangat jelas sekali dalam mengatur hal ini. Penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini, bermaksud untuk mengungkap hasil dari pada pernikahan beda agama tersebut, yaitu dampak Pernikahan antar agama bagi kelangsungan pendidikan anak desa Wonorejo Kabupaten Situbondo. Dari studi penelitian yang ada terungkap bahwa Pernikahan antar agama bagaimanapun tetap merugikan, terlebih bila dipandang dari sudut pedagogis, sebab secara tidak langsung berarti sudah mempersiapkan lingkungan yang kurang baik bagi kedua belah pihak (pasangan dan keluarganya masing-masing) serta bagi kelangsungan pendidikan anak-anaknya. Social creatures, that's humans who cannot possibly live without the help of others. Therefore, he lives in society and develops culture and civilization for the common good. So marriage is a way of socializing with other humans. However, if marriage is faced with the problem of differences, especially religious differences, it becomes complicated to run the wheel of life in the future. Because, if you already have children, this can cause shock in the child. He will hesitate to choose between the religion of his father or mother. Islam is very clear in regulating this. This descriptive qualitative research, intends to reveal the results of the interfaith marriage, namely the impact of interfaith marriage for the continuity of education for the children of Wonorejo village, Situbondo City. From existing research studies, it is revealed that interfaith marriages are still detrimental, especially when viewed from a pedagogical point of view, because it indirectly means that they have prepared an unfavorable environment for both parties (spouse and their respective families) as well as for the continuity of children's education. his son.

Religious Fanaticism and Changing Patterns of Violent Crime in Nigeria

Fanaticism has brewed into different forms in the Nigerian context – and the gravest is religious fanaticism. It has taken hold of most clans, religions, and ethnic groups across Nigeria. Religion has always existed in Nigerian societies and also has fanaticism but the level of violence precipitated by this fanaticism is apparently unprecedented. This paper journeys into the beginning of religious fanaticism in Nigeria and its changing patterns of violence. It highlights the root causes of religious violence in Nigeria and visible patterns in this violence. The paper adopted structural-functionalism theoretical formation and gathered data from textbooks, e-books, journals, online articles, newspapers, and magazines. At the end, the paper recommends that Nigerian governments initiate comprehensive programs to reconcile the religious differences that have evolved over time between Christianity, Islam, and African Traditional Religions.