A Review of Rent Control Legislation in Botswana

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
Kwame Frimpong
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Rent Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The First World War ◽  
High Level ◽  
First World

The subject “Rent Control” is very wide as it covers many areas. It may deal with the control of rents in respect of agricultural land, industrial property or it may be limited either to dwelling houses or commercial buildings. For the purposes of this paper, “rent control” focuses on the dwelling or residential houses and commercial buildings in the country. The obvious reason is that the current rent control legislation is limited to those properties because of the apparent high level of the rents they attract.The use of legislation to control rents of premises is a product of the twentieth century. In England, for instance, the first attempt to control rents was in 1915, during the First World War. It is interesting to note that the first legislation on rent control in England coincided with the outbreak of the First World War. Rent controls in Nigeria and Ghana were also influenced by the First and Second World Wars respectively. The reason for the introduction of rent control legislation to coincide with world wars is not hard to find. Wars generally create shortages of a number of essential goods because many resources are diverted to the production of armaments and the labour force is channelled to the battle front. Housing is one of the needs of mankind which usually becomes scarce as a result of the outbreak of a major war like the last two World Wars.

scholarly journals Assistance and Surveillance: War Refugees in Italy, 1914–1918

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTEO ERMACORA
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
First World War ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
First World

AbstractThis article deals with the forms of assistance given to refugees in Italy during the First World War. The entire subject has been neglected because of the dominant myth of a victorious nation. The Italian situation was peculiar because of the high level of migration and the multi-ethnic origin of people in the border areas. By pinpointing the pattern of relocation in Italy during the war this article seeks to explain the policies pursued by the state and by aid agencies, the rationale behind that aid and the continuities and discontinuities in the assistance given to the refugees. Significant political, juridical and social issues evolved around the image of the refugee, including the protection that the state owed to its citizens.

Oceanic Mobility and Settler-Colonial Power: Policing the Global Maritime Labour Force in Durban Harbour C. 1890–1910

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
World War ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Us ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
First World

Recent scholarship on seafarers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century has tended to emphasise the mobility and diverse geographical origins of the global steamship workforce. This article, while sharing that perspective, cautions that a more nuanced view is called for, which also recognises the limits of their mobility. In doing so, it suggests, more broadly, that the period before the First World War cannot be thought of simply as an ‘Age of Acceleration’, but also needs to be seen as a period in which new kinds of limitation to mobility emerged. In the British colonial port of Durban, although there was in this period a vast increase in shipping activity, seamen were subject to an intense regime of restriction. An immigration bureaucracy initially created to exclude Indian immigrants, also shut out sailors of all nationalities and races. A particular precipitant of this policy was the hostility of Natal officials to the crews of ‘cattleboats’, ships bringing livestock to southern Africa from the Mediterranean, Argentina, Australia, the US and elsewhere. Across the globe, immigration controls in this period were in general less intense than they became after 1914, but in some places, such as Durban, new forms of limitation on mobility were being tried out. The article also highlights the vast worldwide system of labour documentation operated by the British merchant marine through Shipping Offices and Consuls in almost every significant port. Mobility in the British Empire was radically differentiated, with numerous centres of power making their own claims to control movement.

Military Recruiting and the British Labour Force during the First World War

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Recruiting ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
The First World War ◽  
British Labour ◽  
The Government ◽  
First World

During the First World War, Britain was obliged for the first time for over a century to raise a mass army. Initially, this seemed to raise no insuperable problem; by the end of 1914, slightly over one million men had enlisted. Thereafter, however, civilian enthusiasm waned, and the government had to employ other means to stimulate the flow of recruits – alteration of the military service age limits and, later, the introduction of compulsory military service. Taken together, voluntary recruiting and conscription permitted the raising and maintenance of a mass army. By the time of the armistice on 11 November t 1918, almost five million men had entered the army, and a further half million had entered the two other services.

Separate Worlds?: European Domination of the Chelif Plain

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Neil Macmaster
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
The First World War ◽  
State Investment ◽  
First World

Between 1843 and the First World War European settlers occupied the richest, irrigated agricultural land of the Chelif plain from which the indigenous population was either driven back into the mountains or reduced to a proletarian, wage-labour status inhabiting the shanty towns. This chapter explores the remarkable dualism of colonial space, the contrast between the settler zone, and that of the surrounding mountains (Chapter 2). Europeans dominated the plain both economically and politically through the control of the municipal government of twenty townships, the communes de plein exercices (CPE) on which they held an automatic electoral majority. The colonial élite of wealthy landowners, rentiers, millers, bankers, lawyers, and industrialists protected the economic interests of the European community, while blocking state investment in development of the impoverished mountainous zones of the communes mixtes.

Resolving business and national interests in time of war. Fritz von Friedländer-Fuld and his German resources in Norway during the First World War

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Harald Stensland
Keyword(s):  
Early Phase ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article documents the connection between Germany’s raw sulphur requirements and the way in which Norwegian pyrite deposits at Björkaasen in Northern Norway were managed by its owner in Berlin, von Friedländer-Fuld. During the early phase of the war Björkaasen was unprepared for production, but by greatly increasing its labour force it was possible to gear the mines up for exports during the course of the war. The British blockade prevented exports to Germany. Using the railway from Narvik it was possible to export pyrites to Sweden to cover the requirements of the Swedish sulphite cellulose industry. Swedish interests wanted to acquire Björkaasen, but without German partownership, while German majority ownership and corresponding German control of production were Friedländer-Fuld’s basic goals. After Friedländer-Fuld’s death in the summer of 1917 Björkaasen was sold in line with Swedish wishes. The Swedish buyers wanted to re-sell Björkaasen but were unable to do so in a wartime economy that was on the wane.

scholarly journals ENEMY AGENTS ON THE EASTERN FRONT OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
V. O. Zverev ◽  
◽  
M. K. Alafyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
World War ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Intelligence Agencies ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
First World

Referring to documentary sources unfamiliar to narrow specialists, the authors reveal the undercover basis for the German and Austrian armies intelligence agencies’ activities in the territories of the Vistula and Baltic regions, the Volyn province in 1915-1916. Some tactical and psychological aspects of persuading potential agents to cooperate on a reimbursable basis are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the serious recruiting work carried out by the German and Austrian intelligence agencies, and the high level of training of many of their agents.

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