Digestibility and chemical composition of fractions of lucerne during spring and summer

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. Christian ◽  
D. B. Jones ◽  
M. Freer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Leaf Composition

SUMMARYBulk harvests of primary growth were made at intervals during the spring and summer of 2 consecutive years from an ungrazed area of lucerne (Medicago sativa) and the digestibility by sheep was measured. At the same times, shoots of known length representative of the sward were collected, divided into 7·5 cm lengths, and separated into leaf and stem for the determination of ash, nitrogen, cellulose, and in vitro organic matter digestibility.Digestibility and leaf: stem ratio of the bulk harvests decreased and dry matter increased as the season advanced. Leaf composition changed little, but stem increased in lignin and decreased in ash and in vitro digestibility. In vitro digestibility and leaf: stem ratio were highly correlated with sheep digestibility.Chemical composition of shoots of known heights was similar to that of the bulk harvests. Leaf weights/shoot tended to increase linearly with height of shoot, whereas stem increased nearly as the square of the height. Dry matter of leaf and stem were inversely related to leaf:stem ratio. Stem digestibility decreased with leaf:stem ratio and with increase in shoot height.Chemical components of shoot fractions were associated with each other and were largely dependent on the distance from the top of the shoot at which they had been taken, irrespective of shoot height or time of year. Bottom stems had lower ash, nitrogen and digestibility but higher cellulose, dry weight and dry matter than top stems, whose composition approached that of leaves. Leaf fractions showed little consistent trend with position on the shoot.Some of the difficulties in studying changes in plant composition under field conditions are discussed.

scholarly journals Feeding Value of Canna edulis Roots for Pigs

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
J. Le Dividich
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Juice ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Value

Canna edulis roots grown in Guadeloupe were analyzed by proximate composition. The in vitro α-amylolysis of the canna starch was evaluated by the quantitative determination of the enzymatic hydrolysis products of starch with piglet pancreatic juice. The digestibility and the digestible energy content of canna roots for 55-kg pigs were determined by the addition method in a study using four pigs individually fed in metabolism crates. The studies were made on roots either raw or cooked in boiling water for 30 minutes. Raw and cooked canna roots were found to contain (on dry weight basis) 81.0 and 75.6% starch, 6.0 and 13.9% alcohol soluble sugars and 3.7 and 3.4% crude protein, respectively. In vitro, less than 2% of raw canna starch was digested within two hours by the piglet pancreatic juice vs. more than 90% when cooked. In the pigs, the apparent digestibility of raw and cooked canna roots was 79.2 and 88.9% for dry matter and 76.0 and 87.6% for gross energy, respectively. Raw and cooked canna roots supplied 2,940 and 3,467 kcal digestible energy per kg (dry-matter basis), respectively.

scholarly journals In vitro study of human osteoblast proliferation and morphology on orthodontic mini-implants

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Carvalho Bueno ◽  
Roberta Tarkany Basting
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoblast Proliferation ◽  
Mini Implants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Implant Anchorage ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate the proliferation and morphology of human osteoblasts cultured on two brands of mini-implants after 24, 48, and 72 hours, in addition to the chemical composition found on their surface. Materials and Methods:  Two brands of mini-implant (Morelli and Neodent) were evaluated; polystyrene was used as a control group (n  =  3). Osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of sterilized mini-implants in a CO2 incubator at different time periods (24, 48, and 72 hours). Osteoblast proliferation was quantified by scanning electron microscopy using up to 5000× magnification, and cell morphology was analyzed by a single observer. For the chemical analysis, spectroscopy X-ray fluorescence was used to identify and quantify chemical components on the surface of the mini-implants. Results:  Two-way ANOVA showed no significant interaction between the factors studied (P  =  0.686). A Tukey test revealed no significant difference in osteoblast proliferation between the mini-implants at all studied periods; however, a difference in cell proliferation was detected between the Neodent and the control group (P  =  .025). For all groups, time had a direct and positive effect on osteoblast proliferation (P < .001). The significant elements present in both brands of mini-implants were titanium, aluminum, vanadium, and iron. Conclusions:  Osteoblast proliferation was present on the mini-implants studied, which increased over time; however, no significant difference between brands was observed. No difference was seen between the mini-implants evaluated in terms of chemical composition. Cell adhesion after 72 hours suggests that areas of bone remodeling can be achieved, thus initiating the process of mini-implant anchorage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vegetative Growth, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Essential Oil of Peppermint Under Water Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Diogo Mendes da Silva ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Smail Aazza ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Simony Carvalho Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Mentha Piperita

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the vegetative growth of Mentha piperita L. cultivated under different water availability, as well its influence in content, chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of its essential oil. Plants were propagated by mother plants microcutting and scions were transplanted to 5 L pots with soil and cattle manure. Afterward, were kept at field capacity for 30 days and under treatment for 40 days. It was treated with different levels of water deficit treatments: (T1): 100 of field capacity (FC); (T2): 80 of FC; (T3): 60 of FC; (T4) 40 of FC with 5 blocks. Vegetative growth was evaluated by dry matter contents of all part of plants and by root/aerial rate. The essential oil of the leaves was extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated. A significant decrease in the dry matter of leaves and stems accompanied with a decrease in the roots dry matter was observed with an increase in the water stress. Quantitative chemical differences were observed in the chemical composition of the essential oil, according water availability. Total antioxidant activity showed a gradual increase as water stress progressed.

scholarly journals In vitro determination of ruminal dry matter and cell wall degradation, and production of fermentation end-products of various by-products

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Madrid ◽  
M. Dolores Megías ◽  
Fuensanta Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
End Products ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Nutritional comparison between dried and ensiled indigofera, papaya and moringa leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jayanegara ◽  
V. Ardani ◽  
H. A. Sukria
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro fermentation and digestibility of dried and ensiled indigofera, papaya and moringa leaves. The leaves were subjected to artificial drying in an oven at 60oC for 24 h and ensiling treatment for 30 d under room temperature. Dried and ensiled samples were determined for chemical composition, silage fermentation characteristics and in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility. The experimental design was a factorial design 3 × 2 in which the first factor was different leaves (indigofera, papaya and moringa) and the second factor was conservation treatments (drying and ensiling). Determination of chemical composition was performed in duplicate whereas in vitro evaluation was conducted in three replicates. Results showed that ensiling treatment decreased CP contents of indigofera and moringa but not papaya leaves. Ensiling also decreased NDF and NDICP contents of all experimental leaves in comparison to drying treatment. The pH of all silages was high and they were characterized with high ammonia concentrations. Ensiled indigofera tended to have lower IVDMD and IVOMD as compared to dried indigofera (P<0.1). It can be concluded that ensiling of high protein forages leads to considerable extent of proteolysis.

Ontogeny of fetal hepatic and placental growth and metabolism in sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. R619-R623
Author(s):  
I. Vatnick ◽  
A. W. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Highly Correlated

Ontogeny of fetal hepatic and placental growth and in vitro oxygen consumption (VO2) was investigated in fetal lambs at 75, 100, and 136 days postconception. Fetal hepatic relative weight and placental absolute and relative weights declined during this period. Oxygen consumption per gram dry weight of fetal liver and maternal placenta declined between mid and late gestation while fetal placental VO2 was unchanged. Estimated VO2 of the whole placenta did not change while the estimated total hepatic VO2 increased more than threefold between 75 and 136 days. Total hepatic VO2 was highly correlated with total placental VO2 at 136 days (r = 0.84). The results suggest that the placenta reaches its maximum growth and metabolic capacity before 100 days and possibly at or before midgestation. Changes in hepatic weight-specific total VO2, in addition to the declining relative size of the fetal liver, must contribute to the progressive decline in metabolic rate of the whole fetus during the second half of pregnancy. Correlations between placental and fetal liver weights and metabolic rates suggest the possibility of placental regulation of fetal hepatic growth and metabolism.

The chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of pistachio by-product

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 223-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atiyeh Bohluli ◽  
Abasali Naserian ◽  
Reza Valizadeh ◽  
Fereydon Eftekarshahroodi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
The World

Pistachio (pistachio vera) is from Anacardiaceae family. According to the FAO (2003) report, Iran is the largest pistachio producer in the world (more than 310,000 tons). The most three important exported pistachio nuts of Iran are Ohadi, Akbari and Kaleghuchi (Mohammadi, 2005). About 150,000 tons in DM of pistachio by-product (PB) is produced from dehulling process in Iran, annually. This by-product is mainly consisted of pistachio hulls (PH), and then peduncles, leaves and a little amount of mesocarp and kernels. In this experiment the chemical composition, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and tannin amount of PB and PH of Ohadi, Kaleghuchi and white varieties were determined; also, In Vitro Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD) were measured.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity among Asparagus species using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
M Irshad ◽  
M Idrees ◽  
A Tariq ◽  
ML Pathak ◽  
M Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Shoot Height

The aim of present research was to study the genetic diversity among Asparagus species and its cultivars using morphological characteristics and RAPD markers. In-vitro and field experiments of 14 germplasm sources of Asparagus species and its cultivars were conducted at the Kohat University of Science and Technology to estimate the comparative performance. Highest genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variance were observed in shoot height in shoot related traits were 318.40, 320.30, 939.34 and 944.96, respectively, whereas highest values for root related traits were observed in root length that were 21.84, 22.35, 141.60 and 144.91 respectively. Among the shoot related traits maximum heritability, genetic advance and genetic gain were calculated for shoot length, while in root related traits these characters were highest for root dry weight. RAPD markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity analysis of 14 germplasm sources of Asparagus species and its cultivars. RAPD markers generated a total of 247 bands, of these 239 bands were polymorphic with average of 34.1 bands per primer. Cluster analysis based on Neighbor Joining methods showed that wild species (A. adsendens, A. densiflorus, A. capitatus, A. gracelus, A. plumosus, A. racemosus and A. setaceus) were genetically distant from A. officinalis and its cultivars (Abril, Apollo, Gersengum, Huchel, Para seletion and Taranga). The results of the present investigations could be particularly used for authentic identification and would be useful for evaluation of genetic improvement of Asparagus species and its cultivars. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(1): 13-24

scholarly journals Chemical composition and ruminal degradation kinetics of white oat (Avena sativa L.) IPR 126

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvonei Tiago RICACHESKI ◽  
Douglas Sampaio HENRIQUE ◽  
Lilian Regina Rothe MAYER ◽  
Jhone Gleison de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Jucemara Aparecida ROSLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Estimation Of Parameters ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

SUMMARY The present study aiming to determine the nutritional quality of oat (Avena sativa L.) IPR 126 in order to produce forage for ruminants. Four periods between harvests were used: 14, 21, 28 and 35 days, distributed in randomized blocks with four replicates for each treatment. The variables evaluated were: the concentration of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent insoluble fiber (NDF), crude potein (CP), lignin, dry matter (DM), ash, ether extract (EE) and in vitro digestibility of dry matter obtained by measurement of gas production. The profile of gas production was adjusted to the logistic bicompartimental mathematical model. The variables and the parameters of the adjusted gas production curves were analyzed as repeated measurements through the PROC MIXED of SAS (version 9.0) and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) as the method of estimation of parameters. Regression analysis was performed for the variables: DM, CP, EE, NDF, ash, and for the parameter k2 of the bicompartimental model. DM and NDF concentrations increased linearly, CP, ash, and the estimations of the parameter k2 reduced linearly and the EE concentration showed a cubic behavior in function of the age of harvest. Lignin and other parameters of the Schofield model were not influenced by the age of harvest. The harvest interval influenced some chemical components and degradation rate of fiber carbohydrates, but do not interfere in lignin concentration. The forage with 21 days of cutting interval has the high nutritional value.

scholarly journals Regional Substrates of the Brazilian Northeast on Acclimatization and Development Morphological of Minirose

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
David Correia dos Anjos ◽  
Gabrielen De Maria Gomes Dias ◽  
Fernando Felipe Ferreyra Hernandez ◽  
Josefa Diva Nogueira Diniz
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Rosa Chinensis ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

The transition from heterotrophism to autotrophism in acclimatization is a delicate process for most species. The objective of this work was to evaluate combinations of regional substrates of the Brazilian Northeast in the acclimatization and morphological development of minirose (Rosa chinensis ‘Minima’) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using seedlings with 30 days of in vitro culture. The treatments were constituted by: 1) dry coconut powder; 2) 75% dry coconut powder + 25% rice husk; 3) 50% dry coconut powder + 50% rice husk; 4) 75% dry coconut powder + 25% charcoal rice husk; 5) 50% dry coconut powder + 50% carbonized rice husk; 6) 100% vermiculite; 7) 50% vermiculite + 50% dry coconut powder; 8) commercial substrate; 9) 75% sand + 25% dry coconut powder and 10) 50% sand + 50% dry coconut powder. After 21 days, the following characteristics were evaluated: survival percentage, leaf number, shoot height, dry matter of shoot and root and total dry matter. The regional materials tested showed a good choice of substrates to be used in the acclimatization of minirose seedlings. The vermiculite presented the worst results in the characteristics evaluated. Dry coconut powder as substrate should be used in mixtures with other materials to provide better acclimatization conditions. The use of 50% dry coconut powder + 50% rice husk provided a best development and growth of minirose seedlings (Rosa chinensis ‘Minima’) than other tested substrates

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