An Introduction to the Language of the Historical Documents from Rājasthān

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Smith

It has been generally accepted for some time that among the most valuable sources for the history of Rājasthān, especially the Rājasthān of the fourteenth to the eighteenth centuries A.D., are the indigenous chronicles (vātas and khyātas), whose existence was well-known even to Tod, but which fell once again into obscurity for the hundred years following the publication of Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han in 1829–32. It is therefore a matter of no small pleasure that, during the past decade or so, many of these texts have at last been finding their way into print. Our thanks in this matter are particularly due to the Rajasthan Oriental Research Institute centred in Jodhpur and to the Sadu} Rajasthani Research Institute of Blkaner, who have led the field in the publication of Rajasthani works of both historical and literary interest. This activity on the part of the publishers will certainly add impetus to research on mediaeval Rajasthan, and for this reason, as well as the obvious philological interest of a language as fully-attested and yet linguistically isolated as that of the Rajasthani prose chronicles, it has seemed worth while to prepare these grammatical notes.

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid I. Khalidi

This essay argues that what has been going on in Palestine for a century has been mischaracterized. Advancing a different perspective, it illuminates the history of the last hundred years as the Palestinians have experienced it. In doing so, it explores key historical documents, including the Balfour Declaration, Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, and UN Security Council Resolution 242, none of which included the Palestinians in key decisions impacting their lives and very survival. What amounts to a hundred years of war against the Palestinians, the essay contends, should be seen in comparative perspective as one of the last major colonial conflicts of the modern era, with the United States and Europe serving as the metropole, and their extension, Israel, operating as a semi-independent settler colony. An important feature of this long war has been the Palestinians' continuing resistance, against heavy odds, to colonial subjugation. Stigmatizing such resistance as “terrorism” has successfully occluded the real history of the past hundred years in Palestine.


2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3b) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio de Lima Resende ◽  
Silke Weber

This study provides historical documents of peripheral facial palsy from Egypt, Greece and Rome, through the middle ages, and the renaissance, and into the last four centuries. We believe that the history of peripheral facial palsy parallels history of the human race itself. Emphasis is made on contributions by Avicenna and Nicolaus Friedreich. Controversies about the original clinical description by Charles Bell are also discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Susanto Polamolo

Indonesia pernah melalui masa sulit di rezim Orde Baru. Kala itu, segala sesuatu yang paralel dengan khususnya sejarah seputar perumusan dasar negara (Panca Sila), menjadi begitu sulit untuk diperoleh, apalagi untuk mengemukakan fakta yang sebenarnya. Penelusuran dokumen-dokumen sejarah begitu minim didukung pemerintah, dokumen-dokumen itupun tercecer di mana-mana, publik hanya diedukasi dengan pendidikan sejarah dari para sejarawan versi pemerintah saja. Bukan karena Orde Baru telah menjadi masa lalu, tetapi, karena apa yang disebut sebagai sumber-sumber primer perlu diperiksa kembali. Di antaranya seperti: Naskah UUD 1945, yang disusun M. Yamin; Risalah Sidang BPUPKI-PPKI yang disusun oleh Sekretariat Negara; Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid VI, yang disusun oleh Nugroho Notosusanto (dkk); Piagam Jakarta, yang disusun oleh Endang Saifuddin Anshari; Sejarah Pemikiran Tentang Panca Sila, yang disusun oleh Pranarka. Sumber-sumber ini diam-diam diterima, dan diam-diam pula diakui bermasalah, atau diragukan keotentikannya. Persoalan tersebut semakin diperjelas dengan temuan sejumlah arsip oleh para sejarawan tata negara seperti A.B. Kusuma, di mana sebelumnya, “Panitia Lima” (1975) telah pula menegaskan bahwa sumber-sumber yang dipakai pemerintah tidak valid, di antaranya adalah naskah yang disusun M. Yamin. Maka, sejarah perumusan Panca Sila kadang berada di jalan bersimpang, simpang batas-tegas pertentangan tentang keotentikan sumber sejarah, menjadi tugas utama agar sumber-sumber tersebut diuji satu dengan lainnya (metode heuristik dan konklusi eksplanatoris). Agar mengerucut satu kesimpulan yang utuh dan sistematis mengenai sejarah perumusan dasar negara dan pemikiran-pemikiran yang dikemukakan di dalamnya menjadi satu kesatuan pemahaman atas kenyataan, dan agar menguatkan sendi-sendi konstitusionalitas kita hari ini yang mulai tercerabut dari akar sejarahnya, bagaikan “inang yang dipaksa berpisah dari induknya”.Indonesia had been through a difficult period in the “Orde Baru” regime. At that time, everything parallel with history especially around the basic principle of the state (Panca Sila) became so difficult to obtain, especially to express the facts. The tracking of historical documents was so poorly endorsed by the government. The documents were scattered everywhere. The public was only educated with historical education from only government version historians. Not because the “Orde Baru” has become the past, but, because the so-called primary sources need to be checked again. Among them are: Naskah UUD 1945, compiled by M. Yamin; Risalah Sidang BPUPKI-PPKI, prepared by State Secretariat; Sejarah Nasional Indonesia Jilid VI, compiled by Nugroho Notosusanto (et.al); Piagam Jakarta, prepared by Endang Saifuddin Anshari; Sejarah Pemikiran Tentang Panca Sila, prepared by Pranarka. The above sources are secretly accepted, and secretly admittedly problematic, or are doubted the authenticity. The issue was further clarified by the findings of archives by state historians such as A.B. Kusuma, in which before, the “Panitia Lima” (1975) had also asserted that the sources used by the government were invalid, one of them was the text compiled by M. Yamin. Thus, the history of Panca Sila sometimes in a stray way of disputes about the historical sources authenticity. That became the primary task for which resources were tested against each other (heuristic methods and explanatory conclusions). In order to conceal a whole and systematic conclusion about the history of the basic formulation of the state and the ideas expressed in it become a unity of understanding of reality, in order to strengthen the joints of our constitutionality today which begins to be uprooted from its historical roots, like “a host which is forced to apart from its main”.


Author(s):  
David F. Garcia

This chapter presents the author's reflections about Cuban music in Los Angeles. He says that although the history of Cuban music in East Los Angeles may be little known, musicians like Cuban composer Arsenio Rodriguez and flutist Rolando Lozano are an important part of the story of how Latin American music took shape across the greater LA landscape. Re-engaging with historical documents on the Paramount Ballroom that he collected from 1996 to 2003, he says that if we rethink the nature of our temporal and spatial distances from 1965, from the Paramount Ballrooms of the past, and seek to understand this place's meanings via people's movements of all sorts across time and geographic space, then we might retrieve the Paramount Ballroom's historical significances from vantage points of a different epistemology altogether. He attempts to listen between and across boundaries of all sorts, including “between the lines” of archival newspaper reports.


2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill M. Mak

Since Pingree's 1978 publication of his work on the Yavanajātaka, the text had established itself as one of the most important historical documents in various fields of Indology, from the history of mathematics and astral science, to Indian chronology and historical contacts among ancient cultures. A number of Pingree's discoveries concerning the text were widely quoted by scholars in the past decades. These discoveries may be summarized as follows: The Yavanajātaka was an astrological/astronomical work composed in 269/270 CE. by Sphujidhvaja, an "Indianized Greek" who lived in the realm of the Western Kṣatrapas. The work was a versification of a prose original in Greek composed by Yavaneśvara in Alexandria in 149/150 CE. The work, though highly corrupted and clumsily expressed, contains algorithms of "ultimately Babylonian origin" and the earliest reference to the decimal place-value with a symbol for zero (bindu). Pingree's discoveries were based largely on readings from the last section of the Yavanajātaka, described by him as "Chapter 79 - Horāvidhiḥ", an exposition of mathematical astronomy. In the recent years, scholars including Shukla (1989) and Falk (2001) pointed out some major flaws in some of Pingree's interpretations and reconstitution of the text. However, further progress of a proper reevaluation of the controversial contents of this chapter has so far been hampered by the lack of a better manuscript. In 2011-2012, additional materials including a hitherto unreported copy of the Yavanajātaka became available to the present author. This paper will therefore be the first attempt to reexamine Pingree's key interpretations of the Yavanajātaka, focusing on this last chapter, in the light of the new textual evidences.


2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Alevtina M. Savicheva ◽  
Elena V. Rybina

The article describes the history of the Laboratory of Microbiology of the D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology since its foundation till present days. The paper summarizes information on the studies of outstanding Russian obstetricians-gynecologists conducted at the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th centuries, using innovative for those times bacteriological methods. At present, the Laboratory of Microbiology is a high-technology department of the Institute, equipped with advanced instruments and staffed with highly proficient personnel. The staff of the Laboratory of Microbiology carefully keeps the history and adheres to the traditions of research work initiated by distinguished scientists in the past.


2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary I. Ingraham

Abstract The primary aim of this article is to introduce and present a preliminary list of Canadian staged dramatic music composed between 1867 and 2007 as a contribution to a previously under-cultivated field of Canadian cultural activity and research. More than simply an exercise in establishing a repertoire, this article approaches these works as important historical documents that articulate contemporaneous cultural, social, and political values over the past 140 years. Through a discussion of issues raised in determining genre and musical citizenship, the scope, nature, and history of these works lays a foundation for systematic research into this most important Canadian cultural artifact. To facilitate access to what is a substantial body of information, this preliminary list is offered in three formats: 1) alphabetically by composer’s surname; 2) alphabetically by the title of the work; and 3) chronologically by date of completion of the work. Compositions are identified across all formats by a Preliminary Ingraham Number (PIN) comprised of the composer’s surname and the date of completion of the work.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 171-189
Author(s):  
Nastazija Keršytė

The heritage mission of Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission (1855–1865) is twofold. It strived to implement the Lithuanian cultural heritage continuum idea of “the past for the future” while performing a didactic task: to collect and publish historical documents and through the use of “Lithuanian antiquities” to organize the historical exposition of Vilnius Museum of Antiquities, creating conditions to recognize an objective history of Lithuania, in particular the period of Polish-Lithuanian union. Relying on 19th century positivistic attitudes this Commission sought for a position of an objective history observer, praising facts and proclaiming that the task of a historian is to show how it really was.Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission formed its position as the center for cultural heritage guardianship in the Northwester Krai of Imperial Russia. It regulated archeological excavations, performed scientific consulting and expertise functions, carried out archaeographical and museographical work. However it failed to organize systematic heritage accounting and protection of immovable heritage and sites of worth. Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission tried to draw public attention to a subdued nation’s need of an objective look at its land’s past and peculiarities, through the witnesses of its past – historical documents and musealias.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
GILBERTO DA SILVA GUIZELIN

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O presente artigo parte do pressuposto de que ao contrário da história das relações contemporâneas entre o Brasil e a África, a história das relações pretéritas entre as duas margens do Atlântico Sul não tem recebido a mesma atenção por parte dos investigadores brasileiros. Acredita-se aqui que tal descompasso investigativo seja fruto de uma visão histórica reducionista, por muito tempo predominante no meio acadêmico nacional, e, por conseguinte, da dificuldade sentida entre os próprios investigadores brasileiros de reunir fontes que lhes permitam recriar, observar e analisar o contexto das relações de longa data entre o Brasil e a África. Ainda assim, ressalta-se aqui que a partir de uma reorientação quanto às perspectivas de investigação é sim possível o desenvolvimento de novos estudos do entrosamento africano-brasileiro mais distante.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> historiografia brasileira; História das Relações Internacionais; relações Africano-Brasileiras.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This article begins by assuming that unlike the history of contemporary relations between Brazil and Africa, the history of the past relations between the two costs of South Atlantic has not received the same attention by Brazilian researchers. It is believed here that this discrepancy is a result of a reductionist historical view,  prevalent for a long time in the national academic community, and therefore by the difficulty felt among the Brazilian researchers themselves to gather historical documents that allow them to re-create, observe and analyze the context of the past relation between Brazil and Africa. Still, it is also emphasized in this article that from a reorientation on the prospects of research the development of new studies on the African -Brazilian long term relationship is indeed possible.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Brazilian historiography; History of International Relations; African-Brazilian relations.</p>


1961 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. W. Small

It is generally accepted that history is an element of culture and the historian a member of society, thus, in Croce's aphorism, that the only true history is contemporary history. It follows from this that when there occur great changes in the contemporary scene, there must also be great changes in historiography, that the vision not merely of the present but also of the past must change.


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