Connecting People: A Central Asian Sufi network in turn-of-the-century Istanbul

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
LÂLE CAN
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
Exclusive Focus

AbstractThe role of Sufi networks in facilitating trans-imperial travel and the concomitant social and political connections associated with the pilgrimage to Mecca is often mentioned in the literature on Ottoman-Central Asian relations, yet very little is known about how these networks operated or the people who patronized them. This paper focuses on the Sultantepe Özbekler Tekkesi, a Naqshbandi lodge in Istanbul that was a primary locus of Ottoman state interactions with Central Asians and a major hub of Central Asian diasporic networks. It departs from an exclusive focus on the experiences of elites, to which much of the conventional historiography on Ottoman-Central Asian relations has confined itself, and examines the butchers and bakers, craftsmen and students who set out on the hajj to Mecca in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on sources from the private archive of this lodge, the paper reconstructs the experiences of a diverse range of remarkably mobile actors and explores the myriad ways in which this Ottoman-administered institution facilitated their travel to and from Mecca. Through its focus on the conduits and mediators, the structures and buildings—the actual sites—where connections were forged, the paper sheds light on the role that such state-administered Sufi lodges played in delivering on the paternalistic rhetoric and system of sultanic charity that was an integral part of late Ottoman politics and society.

Neoclassical Modernity

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-47
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Late Ottoman

This chapter details the engagement of Iraqi poets with the Arab Nahda of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It provides a brief account of the social role of poetry in late Ottoman Iraq and a survey of the neoclassical poetry revival in Egypt and Syria. The chapter shows how Iraqi poets used the Nahda press to articulate their own relationship to modernity and reveals how new appreciations of the singularity of Iraq’s poetry tradition inspired proto-nationalist conceptions of Iraqi culture. Finally, the chapter examines the efforts of a new generation of young Najafi poets to promote the pioneering role of their own Najafi predecessors and reconstruct the historiography of the Arab Nahda for a broader Arab audience in the early twentieth century.

Education and Change in the Late Ottoman Empire and Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Fortna
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Late Ottoman Empire ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Late Ottoman

This article addresses the interrelated changes taking place in education during the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In particular, it focuses on the ways in which schools altered their approach to space, time, and economic priorities in order to align themselves with the shifting conditions of the period. It proceeds by examining a series of tensions between the desiderata of state and society, the collective and the individual, the secular and the religious, the national and the supranational, before assessing the diverse range of responses they elicited.

scholarly journals “Into her Dream he Melted”: Women Artists Remodelling Keats

2008 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Sarah Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Women Artists ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Narrative Poems

Abstract This essay examines the central role of women in modelling Keats’s posthumous reputation during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by focusing on the visual heritage of his narrative poems. While the Pre-Raphaelite’s interest in and well-known renderings of Keats’s poems have been the subject of previous critical attention, many comparable images by women artists have been neglected. This essay analyses a wide variety of paintings, drawings and illustrations based on Keats’s “Isabella; or, the Pot of Basil” and “La Belle Dame sans Merci” by women artists at the turn-of-the-century. This examination of women artists, who were celebrated during their own lifetimes but are now virtually forgotten, culminates in a detailed discussion of Jessie Marion King. Her highly innovative illustrations for Keats’s poetry are not only indicative of the final phase of Pre-Raphaelitism and the distinctive “Glasgow Style;” they also underline the significance of women’s artistic responses to literature during this period.

scholarly journals FYODOR DOSTOYEVSKY AND VLADIMIR MAKANIN’S RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF EAST-WEST COMPARISON

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fyodor Dostoyevsky ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
European State ◽  
National Pride ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Western Values ◽  
East West

Russians, who are located east of Europe and had chance to expand the state borders to the east and the south, followed the road to becoming both Asian and European state and civilization instead of being totally Slavic and European state. Russians, who expand its mainland towards Caucasia, Siberia, Central Asia, approved the duty of being the representer of western civilizations’ values and took on a task of carrying civilization to Asia’s underdeveloped public. Moreover it claimed that it protected Europe from attacks of Asia’s barbarian public and it wasn’t satisfied with it and assumed the role of guardian of all Slavics and Orthodox Christians. The Russian policy of western expansion which started with Petro I, created a diversity of assumptions and evaluations by the Russian intellects and authors. Among Herzen, Chernyshevsky, Turgenev, Tolstoy; especially Dostoyevsky crated attention with the works regarding the East-West discussions. While Dostoyevsky defended the idea of thinking the Russian nation as a part of western civilization, he also criticized the West for the prejudices towards Russia. The people who are seen as Asian or Tatar in western eyes are portrayed as the people who carried European civilization to Asia by Dostoyevsky. Makanin, just like Dostoyevsky, joined the East-West discussion as representative of Russian literature and also defended the western values. Makanin, who portrays as a nationalist like Dostoyevsky, approaches the Caucasian and Central Asian ethnical elements who come to Russia from ex-Soviet lands to work, with negative expressions and examples. He depicts easterners as those who are using the riches and sources of Russia for their own benefit and who tramples the Russian national pride. Keywords: Dostoyevsky, Makanin, East-West, Asia, Caucasus

scholarly journals Origins of Kazakhstan identity and modernization of public consciousness

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A.A. Bashmakov ◽  
◽  
H.B. Maslov ◽  
J.Z. Tuleubaev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Role ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
The Republic

One of the most important priorities in the formation and development of multinational Kazakhstan as an independent and competitive state was the promotion of the idea of interethnic harmony and stability in the young state. The first President – Elbasy N.A. Nazarbayev has repeatedly emphasized that harmony in society, unity of the people and stability are the main assets that form the basis of Kazakhstan’s statehood. Kazakhstan, being a unique example of interethnic harmony, peace and stability in the Central Asian region and the world space, has managed to attract the attention of public and state figures, scientists from many foreign countries with its achievements in the field of interethnic relations. This is evidenced by various articles and works of many well-known foreign figures who draw attention to the Kazakhstani model of interethnic harmony, rightly called the model of Nursultan Nazarbayev. In this article, the authors tried to find key arguments in favor of the methodological merits of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan – N. Nazarbayev’s Kazakhtani model of interethnic harmony and civil unity. Gives the author’s definition and concept of «identity». The authors assigns a special role to the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, as the most important institution for instilling Kazakh patriotism among our youth. The authors concludes: «the civilizational choice made by Kazakhstan in favor of preserving cultural diversity turned out to be deeply thought out». He draws an interesting analogy between the concepts of «identity» and the concept of «civilization». Another advantage of this article is the assertion of its author about the indisputable role of N. Nazarbayev’s programmatic article – «Course towards the future: modernization of Kazakhstan’s identity». Today, according to him, the modernization of the consciousness of Kazakhstan is the formation of a modern perception of the world is the most important task. Without the implementation of this presidential task, it is impossible to carry out economic reforms, political modernization and, of course, it is impossible to create the foundations of Kazakhstani identity

scholarly journals Populism, Religion, and Social Media in Central America

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110328
Author(s):  
Ignacio Siles ◽  
Erica Guevara ◽  
Larissa Tristán-Jiménez ◽  
Carolina Carazo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
The People ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyzes how presidential candidates Fabricio Alvarado and Nayib Bukele used Facebook during the elections in Costa Rica (2018) and El Salvador (2019) respectively to develop a particular style of communication that blended populist elements and religious discourse. This style of communication extended traditional modes of populism that have prevailed in Latin America since the turn of the century (emphasizing the notion of the hero who comes to rescue “the people”) but expressed them in an explicitly religious way (stressing the role of a “messiah” who comes to alter the established political order). We conducted both content and multimodal discourse analyses of 838 posts made by these candidates on Facebook during their respective electoral campaigns. We argue that the study of these campaigns would be incomplete without accounting for the relationship between populism, religion, and social media. While populism gave political validity to religious discourse, a religious imaginary provided populism with charismatic and messianic authority. This populist/religious reason found an ideal expression in Facebook and, simultaneously, was resignified by this platform's affordances. In this way, we assess how fundamentalist Christianity has become a legitimating force of knowledge and politics in the context of epistemic tensions that shape contemporary Latin-American societies.

scholarly journals Beauty – Truth – Goodness; the complex role and ambiguous role of the museum

1970 ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Hans Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
National State ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One

There is at present a consensus, more pronounced than for a long time, among curators that we are above all professionals, and as such we collect, list, prepare and exhibit a representative range of objects and buildings to document our cultural heritage. We uphold the old ideal that museums impartially provide knowledge to further the enlightenment of the people. Nevertheless, quite a few among us accept the fact that museums have, and in fact should have, a political role. The era of loud political slogans is gone. However, there is still a strong desire to support some idea or other about community development, albeit in a more modest version than one harking back to the days of the growth of the national state at the turn of the century, or the one reflecting the mobilization of the 70s to strengthen local culture and identity. As a basis for museum work it is nowadays quite legitimate to refer to womens culture, Sami (Lappish) identity and the development of ecological consciousness. A more salient idea is that advocating that museums ought to be of practical use even beyond the traditional sphere of cultural politics, a notion shared by a growing number of politicians, bureaucrats and curators. 

scholarly journals Vindicating Pablo Avecilla’s Spanish ‘Imitation’ of Hamlet (1856)

2012 ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Jesús Tronch Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Political Involvement ◽  
National Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Interpretation ◽  
The Right

This essay examines Pablo Avecilla’s Hamlet, an ‘imitation’ of Shakespeare’s tragedy of the prince of Denmark published in 1856, both in its own terms and in the historical context of its publication. This Shakespearean adaptation has been negatively judged as preposterous and unworthy of comment, but it deserves to be approached as what it claimed to be, a free handling of the Shakespearean model, and as responding to its own cultural moment. Avecilla turns the Shakespearean sacrificial prince into a righteous sovereign that has kept the love of a lower-ranked lady and, by pursuing revenge, has successfully overthrown a dishonourable and corrupt ruler. This re-focusing of the Shakespearean plot and politics recalls the French neoclassical adaptation by J-F. Ducis in 1769. In fact, Avecilla seems to combine neoclassical form, which he advocated in his 1834 treatise Poesía trágica, with more Romantic traits at a time when playgoers demanded stronger sensations. As with Ducis’s Hamlet and its earliest translation-adaptations in Spanish at the turn of the century, the alterations from the Shakespearean model may be seen to have political resonances. Seen in the historical context of the so-called Progressive Biennium of 1854-1856, Avecilla’s emphasis on virtue and implicit approval of popular uprising led by an idolized authority is in tune with contemporary concerns for the right of the people and their leaders to rise up against immoral rule, with the Progressives’ support for both monarchy and national sovereignty, with their criticism of the corruption of conservative governments prior to the 1854 revolution, and with the role of ‘revolutionary’ generals such as O’Donnell and Espartero. This political interpretation is strengthened when Avecilla’s own political involvement in the Progressive programme is taken into account.

Popular Fiction and the Zimbabwe Controversy

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 293-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tangri
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Average Intelligence ◽  
The People ◽  
Great Zimbabwe ◽  
Informed Opinion ◽  
Nineteenth Century Novels

The “Zimbabwe controversy” is a name by which disputes over the origins of the people who produced stone ruins and mines in southern Africa are known. Those disputes occurred between informed and lay opinion; informed opinion being represented by archeologists, and lay opinion by local cult archeologists and, at the turn of the century, explorers and excavators. One aspect of lay opinion that has seldom been discussed is the role of popular fiction. Popular novels are often mentioned in works on the Zimbabwe controversy as representing particular viewpoints, but there have been no detailed analyses of their role in that controversy. This paper will set popular novels into the context of the ideologies that influenced them, and gauge their influence on lay opinion and the degree to which they reflected viewpoints that were expressed in political disagreements over the site of Great Zimbabwe.There are four major nineteenth-century novels that are pertinent to the Zimbabwe controversy: H. M. Walmsley's The Ruined Cities of Zululand, and three works by H. Rider Haggard—King Solomon's Mines, She, and Elissa? The first novel was published in time to incorporate knowledge of recently-reported stone ruins and gold mines. In the 1820s and 1830s stone kraals were known to have been built by black people. By the 1860s, however, when other explorers “discovered” stone ruins, they argued that black people could not have built them. Their arguments were based on prevalent systems of classifying humanity. It was generally believed that races were tied to discrete levels of culture by their average intelligence and their blood. Consequently, races could be characterised in terms of a set number of items of culture. It was also generally accepted that the overall record of humanity was one of cultural progress, or step-by-step advancement toward ever better and more complex cultures. Racial characters were thought to set a limit on the level that each race could reach. It was argued, for instance, that black Africans had reached the limit of their potential progress, whereas Europeans were still undergoing advancement. Consequently, Europeans were seen to belong to the most advanced races in the world; other races were ranked below them, and were thought to represent primitive stages through which Europeans had already passed.

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

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