scholarly journals The influence of parents on childhood weight status: relation with eating behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Klosowska ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Sandra Verbeken ◽  
Caroline Braet ◽  
Kathleen Wijnant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Restrained Eating ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
External Eating ◽  
Access To Food

AbstractProper dietary habits and behaviours are at the heart of maintaining an appropriate nutritional status, an adequate body mass and, as such, avoiding obesity and/ or its comorbidities. A child's diet is highly influenced by the home food environment and upbringing. The aim of the current study was to explore if and how parental feeding practices and eating behaviour are associated with child's eating behaviour and body mass index (BMI).In 226 Belgian adolescents (10–17y, 51% girls, 10% overweight and 14% underweight) and their parents, eating behaviour was assessed through the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Information on the parental feeding practices was obtained through the Child Feeding Questionnaire and the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. BMI was calculated based on standardised measurements of body height and body weight. Linear regression results, adjusted for age, sex and socioeconomic status, are described below.Regarding parental eating behaviour, parental external eating enhanced the child's external eating (β = 0.155,p = 0.022), parental restrained eating was associated negatively with the child's emotional (β = −0.214,p = 0.001) and external eating (β = −0.154,p = 0.022), but positively with its restrained eating (β = 0.149,p = 0.022) and BMI (β = 0.183,p = 0.005), while parental emotional eating had no influence. Concerning feeding practices, restriction of the child's access to food and food consumption monitoring, stimulated child's emotional (β = 0.174,p = 0.011; β = 0.173,p = 0.010) and restrained (β = 0.137,p = 0.041; β = 0.159,p = 0.015) eating, and showed a positive association with its BMI (β = 0.143,p = 0.033; β = 0.149,p = 0.023), while allowing the child to make own food choices reduced its external eating (β = −0.169,p = 0.012). Parental pressure to eat (mainly at mealtimes) decreased the child's restrained eating (β = −0.231,p < 0.001) and was negatively associated with its BMI (β = −0.340,p < 0.001). Moreover, child's BMI was inversely related to its external eating (β = −0.207,p = 0.002), but positively to its restrained eating (β = 0.0483,p < 0.001) and to parental healthy modelling (β = 0.192,p = 0.003), involving the child (β = 0.223,p = 0.001) and creating a favourable food environment (β = 0.162,p = 0.013).Our results confirm the parents' crucial role in the development of their offspring's dietary habits. Mainly parental external eating, restriction and monitoring of the child's access to food have an unfavourable effect, while allowing child's own food choices and parental restrained eating seem beneficial. Rather unexpected associations between healthy food environment, modelling and child involvement with child's BMI might lie in causal dependencies. A longitudinal investigation could further elucidate the reasons for these observations. We recommend that policies and educational programmes on healthy diet and eating behaviour target not only schools and children, but also parents.

scholarly journals Parental Phone use during Mealtime with Toddlers and the Associations with Feeding Practices and Shared Family Meals: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frøydis Nordgård Vik ◽  
Erik Grasaas ◽  
Maaike E. M. Polspoel ◽  
Margrethe Røed ◽  
Elisabet R. Hillesund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding

Abstract BackgroundPositive parental feeding practices and a higher frequency of family meals are related to healthier child dietary habits. Parents play an essential role when it comes to the development of their child’s eating habits. However, parents are increasingly distracted by their mobile phone during mealtime. The aim of this study was to describe the feeding practices and daily shared family meals among parents who use and do not use mobile phone during mealtime, and further to explore the associations between the use of mobile phone during mealtime and feeding practices and daily shared family meals, respectively.Methods Cross-sectional data from the Food4toddler study were used to explore the association between mobile use during meals and parental feeding practices including family meals. In 2017/2018 parents of toddlers were recruited through social media to participate in the study. In total 298 out of 404 who volunteered to participate, filled in a baseline questionnaire, including questions from the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ), questions of frequency of family meals and use of mobile phone during meals. ResultsHerein, 4 out of 10 parents reported various levels of phone use (meal distraction) during mealtimes. Parental phone use was associated with lower use of positive parental feeding practices like modelling (B= -1.05 (95% CI -1.69; -0.41)) and family food environment (B= -0.77 (95% CI -1.51; -0.03)), and more use of negative parental feeding practices like emotional regulation (B= 0.73 (95% CI 0.32; 1.14)) and the use of pressure to eat (B= 1.22 (95% CI 0.41; 2.03)). Furthermore, parental phone use was associated with a lower frequency of daily family breakfast (OR= 0.50 (95% CI 0.31; 0.82)) and dinner (OR= 0.57 (95% CI 0.35; 0.93)). ConclusionsMobile phone use is common among parents during mealtimes, and findings indicate that parental phone use is associated with less healthy feeding practices and shared family meals. These findings highlight the importance of making parents aware of potential impacts of meal distractions. Trial registration: ISRCTN92980420. Registered 13 September 2017. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Parental phone use during mealtimes with toddlers and the associations with feeding practices and shared family meals: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frøydis N. Vik ◽  
Erik Grasaas ◽  
Maaike E. M. Polspoel ◽  
Margrethe Røed ◽  
Elisabet R. Hillesund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding

Abstract Background Positive parental feeding practices and a higher frequency of family meals are related to healthier child dietary habits. Parents play an essential role when it comes to the development of their child’s eating habits. However, parents are increasingly distracted by their mobile phone during mealtimes. The aim of this study was to describe the feeding practices and daily shared family meals among parents who use and do not use a mobile phone during mealtimes, and further to explore the associations between the use of a mobile phone during mealtimes and feeding practices and daily shared family meals, respectively. Methods Cross-sectional data from the Food4toddler study were used to explore the association between mobile use during meals and parental feeding practices including family meals. In 2017/2018 parents of toddlers were recruited through social media to participate in the study. In total 298 out of 404 who volunteered to participate, filled in a baseline questionnaire, including questions from the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ), questions of frequency of family meals and use of mobile phone during meals. Results Herein, 4 out of 10 parents reported various levels of phone use (meal distraction) during mealtimes. Parental phone use was associated with lower use of positive parental feeding practices like modelling (B = − 1.05 (95% CI -1.69; − 0.41)) and family food environment (B = − 0.77 (95% CI -1.51; − 0.03)), and more use of negative parental feeding practices like emotional regulation (B = 0.73 (95% CI 0.32; 1.14)) and the use of pressure to eat (B = 1.22 (95% CI 0.41; 2.03)). Furthermore, parental phone use was associated with a lower frequency of daily family breakfast (OR = 0.50 (95% CI 0.31; 0.82)) and dinner (OR = 0.57 (95% CI 0.35; 0.93)). Conclusions Mobile phone use is common among parents during mealtimes, and findings indicate that parental phone use is associated with less healthy feeding practices and shared family meals. These findings highlight the importance of making parents aware of potential impacts of meal distractions. Trial registration ISRCTN92980420. Registered 13 September 2017. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Parental feeding practices and the relationship with parents in female adolescents and young adults with eating disorders: A case control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242518
Author(s):  
Maria Gruber ◽  
Daniel König ◽  
Julika Holzhäuser ◽  
Deirdre Maria Castillo ◽  
Victor Blüml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Relationship ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
The Relationship

Objective Perceived parental influence on diet in early adolescence in the context of the parental relationship had previously not been studied in a clinical sample. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between eating disorders and characteristics of the relationship with parents and the parental feeding practices in early adolescence. Methods 21 female adolescents and young adults with an eating disorder (ED)–bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa–and 22 females without eating disorder (healthy control; HC), aged between 16 and 26, were assessed via self-report questionnaires for problematic eating behaviour, relationship with parents, perceptions of parent’s feeding practices at the age of 10–13 years and personality. Statistical evaluation was performed by means of group comparisons, effect sizes, regression analyses and mediator analyses. Results Adolescent and young adult females with ED reported more fears/overprotection and rejection/neglect by their mothers and less self-responsibility in terms of eating behaviour during adolescence than did the HC. The relationship with the fathers did not differ significantly. Females who perceived more cohesion, rejection/neglect and fears/overprotection by the mother were more likely to suffer from an ED. Rejection/neglect by both parents were associated with less self-acceptance of the young females with even stronger effect sizes for the fathers than the mothers. Harm prevention in the young females was a partial mediator between fears/overprotection and the drive for thinness. Conclusions The parental relationship is partly reflected in the self-acceptance and self-responsibility in eating of the adolescent and young females, both of them are particularly affected in EDs. Stressors in the parent-child relationship should be targeted in treatment of eating disorders. Nutritional counselling for parents might be useful in early adolescence.

scholarly journals Parental feeding practices and child's level of food fussiness and neophobia – Preliminary analysis from NCFSII

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Rahill ◽  
Aileen Kennedy ◽  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Janette Walton ◽  
Albert Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Novel Foods ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Parental Reports ◽  
Food Fussiness

AbstractResearch suggests that food fussiness (FF) and food neophobia (FN) are two separate constructs. Food fussiness is the tendency to be selective about a large proportion of familiar and unfamiliar foods, while food neophobia is the refusal of novel foods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the association between parental feeding practices and child's FF or FN.Analysis was based on cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Irish National Children's Food Survey II (NCFSII; 2017–2018). The NCFSII collected detailed eating behaviour data from children aged 5–12 (n = 596) using the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). This questionnaire contained four items from the food fussiness subscale that represented FN and two items that represented FF. The Feeding Practices & Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) assessed non-responsive and structure-related parental feeding practices. Spearman's correlation established the association between parental feeding practices and child's FF and FN. Moderation analyses was conducted to explore the extent to which child's age moderates the association.Higher levels of child's FN was weakly to moderately associated with higher parental reports of reward for eating (RE) (r = .210, p < 0.001), persuasive feeding (PF) (r = .340, p < 0.001), overt restriction (OR) (r = .195, p < 0.001) and lower reports of structured meal settings (SMS) (r = -.085, p = 0.039) and family meals (FMS) (r = -.387, p < 0.001). Higher levels of child's FF had a slightly stronger association with the same parental feeding as FN, with additional associations with structured meal timings (SMT) (r = -.089, p = 0.031) and covert restriction (CR) (r = -.083, p = 0.045). Age moderated the association between both child's FF [b = .22, p < 0.001] and FN [b = .17, p = 0.002] and parental reports of PF, along with moderating the association between child's FF [b = .11, p = 0.04] and parental reports of SMT.Overall, child's FN and FF were both associated with higher levels of non-responsive feeding practices and lower reports of structure-related feeding practices, with child's FF associated with more parental feeding practices than FN. These findings suggest that it is important to address FN and FF as separate constructs, with more structure-related feeding practices inversely associated with higher levels of FF only. In addition, as children get older findings suggest that less parental feeding practices are utilised, however, higher levels of child's FF/FN are associated with similar levels of PF and SMT (FF only) regardless of age.

scholarly journals Need for Early Interventions in the Prevention of Pediatric Overweight: A Review and Upcoming Directions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Dattilo ◽  
Leann Birch ◽  
Nancy F. Krebs ◽  
Alan Lake ◽  
Elsie M. Taveras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Health Organization

Childhood obesity is currently one of the most prevailing and challenging public health issues among industrialized countries and of international priority. The global prevalence of obesity poses such a serious concern that the World Health Organization (WHO) has described it as a “global epidemic.” Recent literature suggests that the genesis of the problem occurs in the first years of life as feeding patterns, dietary habits, and parental feeding practices are established. Obesity prevention evidence points to specific dietary factors, such as the promotion of breastfeeding and appropriate introduction of nutritious complementary foods, but also calls for attention to parental feeding practices, awareness of appropriate responses to infant hunger and satiety cues, physical activity/inactivity behaviors, infant sleep duration, and family meals. Interventions that begin at birth, targeting multiple factors related to healthy growth, have not been adequately studied. Due to the overwhelming importance and global significance of excess weight within pediatric populations, this narrative review was undertaken to summarize factors associated with overweight and obesity among infants and toddlers, with focus on potentially modifiable risk factors beginning at birth, and to address the need for early intervention prevention.

scholarly journals Children respond to food restriction by increasing food consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Tapper
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Restricted Access ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Insurance Hypothesis ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Access To Food

AbstractConsistent with the insurance hypothesis, research shows that when children experience restricted access to food, they display increased intake when restrictions are lifted. This effect appears more robust for girls compared to boys, and for children with lower levels of inhibitory control. The insurance hypothesis has potentially important implications for parental feeding practices.

scholarly journals Does Examining the Childhood Food Experiences Help to Better Understand Food Choices in Adulthood?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Małachowska ◽  
Marzena Jeżewska-Zychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Child Control

Impact of parental feeding practices on children’s eating behaviors is well-documented in the literature. Nevertheless, little is known about how many of these behaviors might persist into adulthood. There is a lack of a tool measuring childhood feeding experiences recollected by adults, while the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (CFPQ) is used to measure parental feeding practices applied towards children. The aim of the study was to adapt the CFPQ to measure adults’ recollections of their childhood (5–10 years old) feeding experiences, to examine its discriminant validity and then to assess if these practices are related to adults’ food choices. In 2020, the modified version of CFPQ (mCFPQ) and questions on current food consumption were administered in a group of 500 adults twice over a two-week interval. The analysis included 443 participants whose questionnaires were correctly completed in both stages of the study. The Q-sorting procedure was used to test for discriminant validity of the questionnaire, i.e., confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach’s alpha, correlations coefficients, and the analysis of the differences between groups according to the intake of certain food products. Test–retest reliability was examined by calculating interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for each obtained factor. As a result of EFA, five subscales were identified: “Restrictions”, “Healthy Eating Guidance”, “Pressure and Food Reward”, “Monitoring”, and “Child Control”. Items from these subscales created a new tool—Adults’ Memories of Feeding in Childhood (AMoFiC). Test for internal consistency, factor correlations, and discriminant validity proved satisfactory psychometric parameters of AMoFiC. “Pressure and Food Reward” and “Child Control” were associated with higher intake of sweets and salty snacks, whereas “Healthy Eating Guidance”, “Monitoring”, and “Restrictions” were associated with higher consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables. Despite the fact that the AMoFiC questionnaire requires further research, the findings of the study might be of practical use in counseling addressed to the parents.

scholarly journals Parental phone use during mealtime with toddlers and the associations with feeding practices and shared family meals: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frøydis Nordgård Vik ◽  
Erik Grasaas ◽  
Maaike E. M. Polspoel ◽  
Margrehte Røed ◽  
Elisabet Rudjord Hillesund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Meals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Parental Feeding

Abstract Background Positive parental feeding practices and a higher frequency of family meals are related to healthier child dietary habits. Parents play an essential role when it comes to the development of their child’s eating habits. However, parents are increasingly distracted by their mobile phone during mealtime. The aim of this study was to describe the feeding practices and daily shared family meals among parents who use and do not use mobile phone during mealtime, and further to explore the associations between the use of mobile phone during mealtime and feeding practices and daily shared family meals, respectively. Methods Cross-sectional data from the Food4toddler study were used to explore the association between mobile use during meals and parental feeding practices including family meals. In 2017/2018 parents of toddlers were recruited through social media to participate in the study. In total 298 out of 404 who volunteered to participate, filled in a baseline questionnaire, including questions from the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ), questions of frequency of family meals and use of mobile phone during meals. Results Herein, 4 out of 10 parents reported various levels of phone use (meal distraction) during mealtimes. Parental phone use was associated with lower use of positive parental feeding practices like modelling (B= -1.05 (95% CI -1.69; -0.41)) and family food environment (B= -0.77 (95% CI -1.51; -0.03)), and more use of negative parental feeding practices like emotional regulation (B= 0.73 (95% CI 0.32; 1.14)) and the use of pressure to eat (B= 1.22 (95% CI 0.41; 2.03)). Furthermore, parental phone use was associated with a lower frequency of daily family breakfast (OR= 0.50 (95% CI 0.31; 0.82)) and dinner (OR= 0.57 (95% CI 0.35; 0.93)). Conclusions Mobile phone use is common among parents during mealtimes, and findings indicate that parental phone use is associated with less healthy feeding practices and shared family meals. These findings highlight the importance of making parents aware of potential impacts of meal distractions.

Child weight and parental feeding practices: a child-responsive model

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lind Melbye ◽  
Håvard Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Parental Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parental Feeding Practices ◽  
Child Weight ◽  
Parental Feeding ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose – The majority of previous studies on parental feeding practices have focused on the effect of controlling feeding strategies on child eating and weight (i.e. parental influence on children). The present study turns the arrow in the opposite direction, and it aims to test a child-responsive model by exploring the process in which child weight status might influence parental feeding practices, addressing potential mediating effects of parental concern for child weight (i.e. child influence on parents). Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional survey was performed among parents of 10- to 12-year olds (n = 963). The survey questionnaire included measures of parental feeding practices and parents’ reports of child weight and height. Stepwise regressions were performed to reveal potential mediating effects of parental concern for child weight status on the associations between child BMI and a wide range of parental feeding practices. Findings – Our results suggest a mediating effect of parental concern for child overweight on the associations between child body mass index and controlling feeding practices such as restriction for weight and health purposes and responsibility for determining child portion sizes. Originality/value – This study provides an extension of previous research on parental feeding–child weight relationship. It includes a wider spectrum of feeding variables, and integrates parental concern for both child who is overweight and child who is underweight as potential mediators of the associations between child weight and parental feeding practices. Moreover, it has its focus on preadolescent children, while previous studies have focused on infants and young children.

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