XIX.—Contributions to the Study of the Old Red Sandstone Flora of Scotland. VI. On Zosterophyllum myretonianum, Penh., and Some Other Plant-remains from the Carmyllie Beds of the Lower Old Red Sandstone. VII. On a Specimen of Pseudosporochnus from the Stromness Beds

1927 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Uniform Diameter

Among the commonest and most abundant plant-remains in the Carmyllie and Cairnconon Beds of the Caledonian Lower Old Red Sandstone are branched linear axes about 2 mm. in width. These often occur in a fragmentary condition, but more connected portions demonstrating the morphology of the plant are also found. Though often associated with Parka and Nematophyton, the plant known as Zosterophyllum myretonianum is usually readily recognisable by its definite outline and uniform diameter, by its modes of branching, and by the remains of structure which it sometimes retains. As will be seen below, the axis of this plant was traversed by a single median strand that was composed of tracheides. Zosterophyllum is thus of special interest as the most ancient vascular plant known from British rocks. Some other plant-remains that may be confused with it have also been met with, though less commonly. These will be briefly considered, not merely for this reason, but on account of the very different and peculiar type of structure they exhibit.

XVII.—Contributions to the Study of the Old Red Sandstone Flora of Scotland. VIII. On Arthrostigma, Psilophyton, and some associated Plant-remains from the Strathmore Beds of the Caledonian Lower Old Red Sandstone

1933 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Lower Horizon ◽  
Plant Remains

It is well known that there are two distinct horizons in the Caledonian Lower Old Red Sandstone which contain abundant plant-remains (Evans, 1929). At the lower horizon of the Carmyllie and Cairnconnan Beds the flora consists, so far as is clearly known, of Pachytheca, Nematophyton, Parka, and one vascular plant, Zosterophyllum myretonianum (Lang, 1927). In certain greenish-grey flags and sandstones of the Strathmore Beds near the summit of the stratigraphical succession fragmentary plant-remains are abundant along a line stretching from Rosemount, south of Blairgowrie, through Murthly, Glenalmond, Callander, and Balloch, to near Brodick in Arran. From these beds a small but quite distinct assemblage of fossil plants is known. Pachytheca is clearly recorded. The well-defined remains of vascular plants have so far all been referred to Arthrostigma gracile, Dawson, and Psilophyton princeps, Dawson. References to Psilophyton robustius occur, but there is no evidence that the type of plant distinguished from Gaspé under that name has been found in the Strathmore Beds.

scholarly journals IX-On a flora, including vascular land plants, associated with Monograptus , in rocks of Silurian age, from Victoria, Australia

1935 ◽  
Vol 224 (517) ◽  
pp. 421-449 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Jordan River ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Present Account ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
The Town

The earliest vascular or land-plants yet known with certainty from the northern hemisphere are those met with in the Lower Devonian or Lower Old Red Sandstone. The few records from earlier rocks have all been open to doubt, either because the age of the beds was not proved or because the plant-remains were obscure. The object of this paper is to describe some well-preserved plants of Silurian age from Victoria, Australia. Since certainty as to the geological age is essential, the present account is limited to the plants collected in four localities, in all of which they were associated with specimens of Mongraptus , the graptolites being found in the same beds and often on the same slabs of rock as the plants, figs. 51-53, Plate 32. The four localities will be referred to under the following names : (1) Yarra Track.—A quarry for road material on the Yarra track between Wood’s Point and Warburton, about 17 miles from the former place. (2) Alexandra.—Two exposures in mudstone (Geol. Survey, loc. 5 and loc. 9), both by the side of the railway line, near the town of Alexandra. (3) Killingworth Road.—Two exposures (Geol. Survey, loc. 14 and loc. 20) at Yea. (4) Thomson River,—This includes a number of exposures along the valley of the Thomson River, where black beds containing Monograptus have long been known in the Jordan River beds (Baragwanath, 1925). This is the locality in which the stratigraphical succession is described (Skeats, 1928).

XXVI.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part III. Asteroxylon Mackiei, Kidston and Lang

1920 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Rhynie Chert

Asteroxylon Mackiei was a plant of more complicated organisation and larger size than either Rhynia or Hornea, which have been described from the silicified peat-bed at Rhynie in the two preceding papers of this series. The generic name refers to the stellate outline of the xylem of the stem as seen in cross section, while the specific name commemorates the original discovery of the plant remains by Dr Mackie.

scholarly journals XXIV.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part II. Additional Notes on Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, Kidston and Lang; with Descriptions of Rhynia major, n.sp., and Hornea Lignieri, n.g., n.sp.

1920 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
General Account ◽  
Complex Morphology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rhynie Chert

In Part I a general account was given of the silicified peat-bed found at Rhynie, and one vascular plant was described in detail under the name of Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani. Further study has shown that there are two species of Rhynia which we now distinguish as Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani and Rhynia major. The account in Part I applies to both these species. Along with them there occurs a plant of similar grade of organisation to Rhynia, though quite distinct from that genus: this we name Hornea Lignieri. Asteroxylon Machiei, on the other hand, which will be described in the next part, was a plant of larger size and much more complex morphology.We are thus now able to establish the existence and main features of four archaic Vascular Cryptogams from the Rhynie bed. In the present paper additional notes on R. Gwynne-Vaughani are given, and R. major and Hornea Lignieri described in detail. In conclusion, the morphological bearings of the facts will be briefly considered.

I.—Fossil Fishes in the Devonian Rocks of North Devon

1919 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inkermann Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Fossil Fish ◽  
Fish Remains ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Special Notice

The Devonian rocks in Devon, like those of the Old Red Sandstone of which they are the equivalents, have been divided into three groups. Mr. T. M. Hall, writing in 1879, quoted no less than five separate classifications suggested for the beds of North Devon, nor has uncertainty been removed by the conclusions arrived at by geologists since that date. But we may for present purposes take the following as the nearest approach to a generally accepted succession:—While examining the rocks of the Middle and Upper series for fossil plants during the past eleven years (1907–18), the results of which have already in part been published, other discoveries were made incidental to the work of collection of plant remains. Among these the discovery of fossil fish remains seems worthy of special notice.

scholarly journals IV - On the plant-remains from the Downtonian of England and Wales

1937 ◽  
Vol 227 (544) ◽  
pp. 245-291 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
England And Wales ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Extended Sense ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
History Of

The strata from which the plant-remains to be described in this paper are derived are those which are grouped as Downtonian in the extended sense of this term employed by Mr. W. Wickham King. They therefore include not only the Ludlow Bone-bed, the Downton Sandstone, and the Temeside Shales, i.e ., the Grey Downtonian, but a much greater thickness of red marls and sandstones that were formerly classed with the Lower Old Red Sandstone, but are now spoken of as the Red Downtonian. This way of regarding the rocks of this horizon has been fully discussed in the light of the history of opinions by O. T. Jones (1929, pp. 110- 121) and need not be considered further here. These strata have been included at different times in the Silurian or in the Old Red Sandstone. It is not necessary here to enter into the question as to the best limit between the Silurian and the Devonian. Reference may be made to Stamp (1923), O. T. Jones (1929), and to Wickham King’s recent paper (1934). It is sufficient for the purposes of this study of the plants to recognize that the Downtonian strata come above the more definitely marine Ludlovian rocks and below the more definitely continental beds of the Lower Old Red Sandstone. The transitional nature of the Grey Downtonian has long been accepted and can readily be extended to the succeeding beds included in the Downtonian by Wickham King.

scholarly journals VI.—On the Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous Rocks of the North—East of the Island of Arran

1896 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
James Neilson
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Flora ◽  
The West ◽  
Geological Society ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Sandy Shale ◽  
Marine Fossils ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone

In the Transactions of the Edinburgh Geological Society (vol. v, p. 316) will be found a notice of a section at Lochrim Burn, a quarter of a mile south of Corrie, where is exposed a bed of red sandy shale containing marine fossils. The catalogue contains fifteen species (certified by Mr. John Young, LL.D.), and every one of these is common in the Carboniferous Limestone series of the West of Scotland. This bed is overlain by another bed containing abundant plant-remains, of which a list of seven species is given. The Rev. D. Landsborough, of Kilmarnock, found here another, viz. Carpolithes sulcatus, L. and H. (“Fossil Flora,” pl. ccxx), which Mr. Kidston considers to be characteristic of the Calciferous Sandstone series. It seems to me, however, that the evidence is rather in favour of these beds belonging to the Limestone series. Then, as already noted, there are the fireclays, of which I have observed several distinct beds along the Corrie shore. There is also a bed of fireclay in the old quarry behind Corrie Hotel (within 100 feet of the Productus giganteus limestone); this overlies a bed of fine white sandstone. Fireclays also occur in the gap between the northern and the great eastern cliff.

XXIV.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part I. Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, Kidston and Lang

1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
The Right

The chert of the Muir of Rhynie, containing plant-remains, was discovered by Dr W. MACKIE of Elgin while investigating the sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Craigbeg and Ord Hill which occur in that area. The original discovery was made on loose specimens, built into the dykes or scattered over the fields, especially those lying to the north of the road which runs from Rhynie to Cabrach, and east and west of the right-of-way that here connects Windyfield Farm with the public road.

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