“Excluded” By Choice: Dynamics of Interracial Unionism on the Philadelphia Waterfront 1910–1930

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 50-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Kimeldorf ◽  
Robert Penney
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Choice Dynamics ◽  
Interracial Unionism

“Everyone knows,” observed W.E.B. DuBois, writing at the turn of the century, “that in a city like Philadelphia a Negro does not have the same chance to exercise his ability or secure work according to his talents as a white man.” Focusing on what he described as “the practical exclusion of the Negroes from the trades and industries,” DuBois highlighted the role of organized labor in maintaining Philadelphia's segregated economy whereby “each union steadfastly refuses to admit Negroes, and relies on color prejudice to keep up the barrier.”

Positivism, empiricism and criminological theory

Legal Studies ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Don Weatherburn ◽  
Mark Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scientific Ideas

The discipline of criminology has been dominated since the turn of the century by an explanatory paradigm known as ‘positivism’. The distinctive features of that paradigm have been both substantive and methodological. On the substantive side ‘positivist criminology’ has been marked by a commitment to the explanation of criminal behaviour (and deviance generally) in terms of characteristics of the individual. Thus positivist criminology has been notable for its explanations of criminal behaviour in terms of gross bodily features, patterns of child-rearing, genetic defect, and idiosyncratic personality traits. On the methodological side positivist criminology has been marked by a preference for scientific method in the evaluation of theory and scientific ideas in the formulation of that theory. By and large these methodological predilections have meant assigning a primacy both to the role of systematic observation in the evaluation of theory and to the avoidance of theoretical assumptions whose validity could not be checked by recourse to observation.

FRENCH BALLET AT THE END OF THE XIXTH CENTURY (JAVOTTE, 1896)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
A. P. Grutsynova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
Musical Development ◽  
Male Roles ◽  
Xixth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Responses

The article is devoted to the Camille Saint-Saëns ballet Javotte. This ballet is considered in the context of the development of the French choreographic theater of the late XIXth century. The author briefly reviews the history of the productions of Javotte in different cities (Lyon, Royan, Paris) and specifies the information about the authors of the choreography in each version. Based on critical responses related to performances at the turn of the century, it is proved that the tradition of playing male roles by travesty dancers was not common even at that time. The performance of the role of Jean in the ballet Javotte by male dancer confirms this thesis (Lyon, 1896 — Jean Soyer de Tondeur; Paris, 1909 — Léo Staats). It is concluded that the plot of the ballet continues the tradition of the comic ballet, while musically (along with many scores of other French ballets) it starts a series of ballets of the XXth century, striving for miniaturization and unity of musical development. The article uses a rare graphic material that visualizes the production of Javotte.

Mathematics, Language, Structure: Hermann Broch, the Sleepwalkers

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-92
Author(s):  
Nina Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Basic Building Block ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Hermann Broch ◽  
Modern Mathematics

Chapter 2, focusing on Broch’s The Sleepwalkers, analyses relations between mathematics and turn-of-the-century scepticism of language and investigation of form. The novel trilogy engages with research on the relations of mathematics and language, particularly by Gottlob Frege, and with the new approaches that emerge with it: the formalised language of analytic philosophy and literary formalism’s concentration on language as the basic building block of texts. The chapter also investigates how a competition of methodologies in modern mathematics informs the innovative form of the trilogy: it argues that the stylistically experimental third novel is informed by the central debate in the foundational crisis of mathematics, and traces the trilogy’s visions of total disintegration and valuelessness and, on the other hand, renewal through a counter-movement towards a non-rational element of common intuition to formalist and intuitionist approaches in mathematics. With its main focus on ways in which mathematics features as a structural model in The Sleepwalkers, this chapter shows how the trilogy presents mathematics as deeply implicated in the cultural development and explores the role of its modernist transformation for the form of the trilogy and Broch’s conception of modernist literature.

Crossing the Atlantic to Meet the Nation: The Emigration Ship in Mignonette’s Songs and Crialese’s Nuovomondo

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Fiore
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
National Formation

The topic of voyages is explored in this first chapter through visual and oral materials in which the emigrants’ regional affiliations espouse an in-progress national formation project during trans-national travels toward “America,” at once a real and imaginary place. Songs made popular by the Queen of the Emigrants, the diva-singer Gilda Mignonette who mixed a traditional Neapolitan repertoire with dramatic songs on emigration and colonial anthems, are read next to Emanuele Crialese’s film Nuovomondo (Golden Door 2006), which foregrounds the role of the ship for the leaving, traveling, and arriving migrants at the turn of the century. In these texts, the pre-occupied space under discussion is the ship, a floating social microcosm in which national fractures and international dreams co-exist on a simultaneously dividing and uniting ocean. The preoccupation over the condition of the emigrants that the ship hosts prompts different reactions in these authors, in turn defining different perceptions and figurations of emigration and consequently a different map of the Italian nation’s formation.

Some Aspects of the Position of Aboriginal Women in Australian Society

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-60
Author(s):  
M.A. Vazey
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Short History ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Aboriginal Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

This paper includes a short history of Aboriginal women in Australia from about the turn of the century. This has been made possible by the writings of such women. Most non-Aboriginal women have been and are ignorant of this history. They need to understand this past in order to come to terms with it. Aboriginal women are also not aware of how misinformed non-Aboriginal women are of the role of Aboriginal women in their own society. An extensive dialogue is needed to develop the mutual understanding necessary for the construction of a peaceful and just post-colonial Australia.

Common Sense and a Little Fire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Orleck
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Women Activists ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
East Side ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Public Lives ◽  
The New Deal

Over twenty years after its initial publication, Annelise Orleck's Common Sense and a Little Fire continues to resonate with its harrowing story of activism, labor, and women's history. Orleck traces the personal and public lives of four immigrant women activists who left a lasting imprint on American politics. Though they have rarely made more than cameo appearances in previous histories, Rose Schneiderman, Fannia Cohn, Clara Lemlich Shavelson, and Pauline Newman played important roles in the emergence of organized labor, the New Deal welfare state, adult education, and the modern women's movement. Orleck takes her four subjects from turbulent, turn-of-the-century Eastern Europe to the radical ferment of New York's Lower East Side and the gaslit tenements where young workers studied together. Orleck paints a compelling picture of housewives' food and rent protests, of grim conditions in the garment shops, of factory-floor friendships that laid the basis for a mass uprising of young women garment workers, and of the impassioned rallies working women organized for suffrage. Featuring a new preface by the author, this new edition reasserts itself as a pivotal text in twentieth-century labor history.

Introduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Hitzer ◽  
Joachim Schlör
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
East European ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
The One ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Religious Landscape

This article introduces a special issue that investigates the place of religion in the spatial and cultural organization of west and east European cities in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Discussing different frameworks for a conceptualization of the role of religion within the urban context during the past two hundred years, it argues for adopting a broader perspective that takes into account the multiple and often conflicting processes and practices of religious modernization. Thus, it places particular emphasis on scrutinizing a space in between, that is to say, the area of contact between the outward influence on the spatial development of religious communities on the one hand and the inner workings of such communities on the other hand. Based on an 1880s debate over the way Jewish immigrants changed the religious landscape of New York Jewry as well as on the results of the following contributions, it supports a fresh look at the turn of the century as a period of intensified religious life and visibility within metropolises that contributed to the development of more “modern,” individualized forms of religious sociability and, in the same vein, fostered the emergence of modern urbanity.

Connecting People: A Central Asian Sufi network in turn-of-the-century Istanbul

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
LÂLE CAN
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Late Ottoman ◽  
Exclusive Focus

AbstractThe role of Sufi networks in facilitating trans-imperial travel and the concomitant social and political connections associated with the pilgrimage to Mecca is often mentioned in the literature on Ottoman-Central Asian relations, yet very little is known about how these networks operated or the people who patronized them. This paper focuses on the Sultantepe Özbekler Tekkesi, a Naqshbandi lodge in Istanbul that was a primary locus of Ottoman state interactions with Central Asians and a major hub of Central Asian diasporic networks. It departs from an exclusive focus on the experiences of elites, to which much of the conventional historiography on Ottoman-Central Asian relations has confined itself, and examines the butchers and bakers, craftsmen and students who set out on the hajj to Mecca in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on sources from the private archive of this lodge, the paper reconstructs the experiences of a diverse range of remarkably mobile actors and explores the myriad ways in which this Ottoman-administered institution facilitated their travel to and from Mecca. Through its focus on the conduits and mediators, the structures and buildings—the actual sites—where connections were forged, the paper sheds light on the role that such state-administered Sufi lodges played in delivering on the paternalistic rhetoric and system of sultanic charity that was an integral part of late Ottoman politics and society.

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