scholarly journals The Ephemerides of the Inner Planets from Spacecraft Range Data and Radar Observations 1961–1995

1997 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
E. V. Pitjeva
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Astronomical Unit ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Reference Surface ◽  
Radar Observations ◽  
Numerical Theory ◽  
Theory Of Motion ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Mariner 9

AbstractA numerical theory of motion of the inner planets and Jupiter is presented. The numerical ephemerides were compared with the set of American and Russian radar observations of planets, obtained during 1961–1995 (nearly 60000 observations), together with range measurements of Martian landers Viking-1,-2 and Mariner-9 tracking data.The main fitted parameters were the elements of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, the Astronomical Unit, the scale corrections to the reference surface of planets and variability of the gravitational constant. The parameters of Mars rotation, coordinates of Viking landers, elements and the mass of Jupiter, the masses of the three asteroids were evaluated from Viking landers observations.

scholarly journals Study of gravitational constant and mercury's precession from perspective of physical aesthetics and ideal fluid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Gang Li ◽  
Cheng-Shu Li
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Ideal Fluid ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
G Value ◽  
The Masses ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Einstein’S General Relativity

Newton's law of universal gravitation does not explain the Mercury's orbit anomalous precession, and the gravitational constant G values measured by different research teams do not coincide. This paper studied the two problems from a physical aesthetics and ideal fluid perspective, and derived a new formula for calculating the exact G value by using the speed of light in vacuum, including formulas for error correction, and verified by experimental results of other scientists. After being corrected, the G values measured by some famous surveyors approximately coincide with a specific value. The formulas also verified by the precession of Mercury's orbit and contribute an additional 35.94"/cy to the theoretical calculation value, the Mercury's anomalous precession, calculated by Le Verrier, is then reduced from 38"/cy to about 2"/cy. This provides another explanation for Mercury's anomalous precession which is completely different from that of Einstein's general relativity. Conclusion is that G equals 1/(16πc) when the masses are mass points and the Mercury's orbit anomalous precession equals 43"/cy should not be the evidence for prove Einstein's general relativity is correct. Further, this paper also presented an experimental plan for the space agency to verify who is right.

scholarly journals Radar Observations of Venus and A Determination of the Astronomical Unit, 1962

1964 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. B. Ponsonby ◽  
J. H. Thomson ◽  
K. S. Imrie
Keyword(s):  
Astronomical Unit ◽  
Radar Observations

scholarly journals An attempt to reconcile the dynamical and radar determinations of the Astronomical Unit

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Astronomical Unit ◽  
The Masses

It has been found possible to obtain a solution which satisfies both the dynamical and radar investigations without doing any great injustice to any of the observations. It is deduced that the astronomical unit is determined more satisfactorily from the radar bounces off Venus rather than by dynamical methods alone. Some comments are also given concerning the masses of Mercury, Venus and Mars.

Using spacecraft range data and radar observations for the improvement of the orbital elements of planets and parameters of Mars rotation

1996 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
E.V. Pitjeva
Keyword(s):  
Major Axis ◽  
Astronomical Unit ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Semi Major Axis ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Least Squares Estimates ◽  
Radar Ranging ◽  
Made In

The extremely precise Viking (1972–1982) and Mariner data (1971–1972) were processed simultaneously with the radar-ranging observations of Mars made in Goldstone, Haystack and Arecibo in 1971–1973 for the improvement of the orbital elements of Mars and Earth and parameters of Mars rotation. Reduction of measurements included relativistic corrections, effects of propagation of electromagnetic signals in the Earth troposphere and in the solar corona, corrections for topography of the Mars surface. The precision of the least squares estimates is rather high, for example formal standard deviations of semi-major axis of Mars and Earth and the Astronomical Unit were 1–2 m.

Gravity field of Mars from Mariner 9 tracking data

Icarus ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Lorell ◽  
George H. Born ◽  
Edward J. Christensen ◽  
Pasquale B. Esposito ◽  
J. Frank Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Field ◽  
Tracking Data ◽  
Mariner 9

scholarly journals A Priori “Imprinting” of General Relativity Itself on Some Tests of It?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Iorio
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Astronomical Unit ◽  
Space Curvature ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Delay Tests

We investigate the effect of possible a priori “imprinting” effects of general relativity itself on satellite/spacecraft-based tests of it. We deal with some performed or proposed time-delay ranging experiments in the sun's gravitational field. It turns out that the “imprint” of general relativity on the Astronomical Unit and the solar gravitational constant , not solved for in the so far performed spacecraft-based time-delay tests, induces an a priori bias of the order of in typical solar system ranging experiments aimed to measure the space curvature PPN parameter . It is too small by one order of magnitude to be of concern for the performed Cassini experiment, but it would affect future planned or proposed tests aiming to reach a accuracy in determining .

Earth-Moon Mass Ratio from Mariner 9 Radio Tracking Data

Nature ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 241 (5385) ◽  
pp. 111-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. WONG ◽  
S. J. REINBOLD
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Data ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Mariner 9
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