Determination of interface width using EELS fine structure changes

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 730-731
Author(s):  
Vinayak P. Dravid ◽  
M.R. Notis ◽  
C.E. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Interface Width ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Directionally Solidified Eutectics

The concept of interfacial width is often invoked in many materials science phenomena which relate to the structure and properties of internal interfaces. The numerical value of interface width is an important input parameter in diffusion equations, sintering theories as well as in many electronic devices/processes. Most often, however, this value is guessed rather than determined or even estimated. In this paper we present a method of determining the effective structural and electronic- structural width of interphase interfaces using low- and core loss fine structure effects in EELS spectra.The specimens used in the study were directionally solidified eutectics (DSEs) in the system; NiO-ZrO2(CaO), NiO-Y2O3 and MnO-ZrO2(ss). EELS experiments were carried out using a VG HB-501 FE STEM and a Hitachi HF-2000 FE TEM.

Experimental Determination Of Relaxation Of Interphase Interfaces In Oxide Eutectics

1991 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinayak P. Dravid ◽  
V. Ravikumar ◽  
G. Dhalenne ◽  
A. Revcolevschi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Lamellar Morphology ◽  
Analytical Tem ◽  
Directionally Solidified Eutectics

ABSTRACTInterphase interfaces in the directionally solidified eutectics.(DSEs) of NiO-ZrO2(CaO), NiO-Y2O3 and MnO-ZrO2 have been investigated using a variety of TEM techniques. The unique lamellar morphology of the DSEs allows characterization of interfaces and identification of relaxations along multiple directions, aiding visualization of interface structure in three dimensions. Possible low energy interface orientations were identified through examination of facets. The low energy interface planes almost invariably correspond to polar surfaces of adjacent crystals. An attempt has been made to experimentally identify the variety of interfacial relaxation mechanisms using a variety of analytical TEM techniques and only HRTEM results are summarized in this paper. It was found that most of the DSE systems exhibit very little relaxation and possess tight interface cores.

The many faces of STEM in materials science

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
John Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Auger Spectroscopy ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
High Tc Superconductors ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Electromagnetic Vibration ◽  
The Many ◽  
Serial Mode

Determination of the microstructure and microchemistry of small features often provides the insight needed for the understanding of processes in real materials. In many cases, it is not adequate to use microscopy alone. Microdiffraction and microspectroscopic information such as EELS, X-ray microprobe analysis and Auger spectroscopy can all contribute vital parts of the picture. For a number of reasons, dedicated STEM offers considerable promise as a quantitative instrument. In this paper, we review progress towards effective quantitative use of STEM with illustrations drawn from studies of high Tc superconductors, compound semiconductors and metallization of H-terminated silicon.Intrinsically, STEM is a quantitative instrument. Images are acquired directly by detectors in serial mode which is particularly convenient for digital image acquisition, control and display. The VG HB501A at Cornell has been installed in a particularly stable electromagnetic, vibration and acoustic environment. Care has been paid to achieving UHV conditions (i.e., 10-10 Torr). Finally, it has been interfaced with a VAX 3200 work station by Kirkland. This permits, for example, the acquisition of bright field (or energy loss) images and dark field images simultaneously as quantitative arrays in perfect registration.

scholarly journals Determination of Chemical Form of Antimony in Contaminated Soil around a Smelter Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki TAKAOKA ◽  
Satoshi FUKUTANI ◽  
Takashi YAMAMOTO ◽  
Masato HORIUCHI ◽  
Naoya SATTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Fine ◽  
X Ray Absorption

(GE/m**3). According to this definition one odour unit is the amount of odorants in one cubic meter of air at odour thres­ hold level. The new definition is a real concentration and gives a better form of input parameter for dispersion models. On the basis of guideline VDI 3881 parts 1, 2, and 3 ringtests were carried out with different odorants. The results can be summerized as follows: -The dispersion of results varies and depends on the compo­ sition of the participants and on problems of sampling and preparation of odorous sample. Lower dispersion is obtained when results with obvious errors in application of guide­ lines or with large deviations from mean value are excluded. -Participants of the Netherlands get systematically lower threshold values than the others. The reason has to be investigated. -All findings of the ringtests lead to the conclusion that it is possible to determine odour thresholds which do not differ by more than factor 10. At present another ringtest is in preparation. This test will be carried out in summer 1985. The French collegues will also participate in this test. Experience of all ringtests will be reported in part 4 of guideline VDI 3881. Guideline VDI 3882 deals with the determination of odour intensity and hedonic tone. The members of the working group "odorous substances" assume that odour threshold and odour concentration are insufficient for the characterization of odorous perception. They recommend to judge the odour inten­ sity and the hedonic tone by category estimation. Moreover, it is their opinion that the odour determination with olfacto­ meters is not suitable to assess odour in ambient air. There­ fore they are preparing two guidelines dealing with these problems. Guideline VDI 3883 gives instructions on the regis­ tration of nuisance by interviews with nearby residents of emitting plants or inhabitants of industrial areas. Addition­ ally guideline VDI 3940 describes the determination of odour in ambient air by inspection panels based on the following idea: During constant conditions as to the class of weather, wind speed, and wind direction each local point is charac­ terized by a frequency of odour perception representing the probability to perceive an odour. The situation at a local point will be have to determine the portion of a year with a frequency of odorous perception greater than 5 % in a random test. Both guidelines, VDI 3882 and 3940, should give corres­ ponding results. Guideline VDI 3781 part 5 completes the complex of odour determination and judgement with the calculation of disper­ sion models. The calculation methode and odour determination by panelists should give comparable results. The following summery can be given. Odour measurements with olfactometers is only a small part of the whole field of odour determination in ambient air and the measurement of odour nuisance must be approached in the near future with appropriate urgency.

1986 ◽  
pp. 76-94
Keyword(s):  
Input Parameter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hedonic Tone ◽  
Local Point ◽  
Odour Threshold ◽  
Real Concentration ◽  
Category Estimation ◽  
Near Future

scholarly journals ОЦІНКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ КОМФОРТНОСТІ БІЛИЗНЯНИХ ТРИКОТАЖНИХ ПОЛОТЕН ДЛЯ ЗАНЯТЬ СПОРТОМ

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
С. І. Арабулі ◽  
А. Т. Арабулі ◽  
С. С. Ототюк ◽  
В. В. Клочко ◽  
Д. Ю. Черепенко
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Clothing Comfort ◽  
Modern Methods

Determination  of  comfort properties  of  knitted  underwear for  sports and  comparison  of traditional and innovative underwear for thermal underwear. Methodology.  The  article  provides  an  analysis  of  the  modern  range  of  textile  materials  for underwear, analyzes the latest developments in the design of thermal underwear. The modern methods have been used to determine clothing comfort and physical properties of textile materials. Experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science.

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