Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

Study of an Energetic-oxidant Co-crystal: Preparation, Characterisation, and Crystallisation Mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Gao ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Gazi Hao ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Diffraction Spectrum ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

<p>An energetic co-crystal consisting of the most promising military explosive 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and the most well-known oxidant applied in propellants ammonium perchlorate has been prepared with a simple solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphology of co-crystal differs greatly from each component. The X-ray diffraction spectrum, FTIR, Raman spectra, and differential scanning calorimetry characterisation further prove the formation of the co-crystal. The result of determination of hygroscopic rate indicated the hygroscopicity was effectively reduced. At last, the crystallisation mechanism has been discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Isothermal Section of the B-Cr-Fe Phase Diagram at 1353 K

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Homolová ◽  
Lucia Čiripová
Keyword(s):  
Isothermal Section ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coexisting Phases ◽  
Scanning Electron

The isothermal section of the B-Cr-Fe ternary system was studied experimentally at 1353 K. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDX analyzer were used for determination of phase equilibria and composition of the coexisting phases in the B-Cr-Fe model alloys after long-term annealing (1500–2205 h). Two iron borides FeB and Fe2B, six chromium borides Cr2B, Cr5B3, CrB, Cr3B4, CrB2, and CrB4 and also iron and chromium solid solutions (α(Fe,Cr), α(Cr,Fe), γ(Fe,Cr)) and β-rhombohedral B were observed in the alloys. High solubilities of the third element in binary borides and no ternary phase were found. Based on the experimental results, isothermal section of the B-Cr-Fe system at 1353 K was determined.

scholarly journals Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Binary Ti-Rich Fe–Ti, Al-Rich Fe–Al, and Ti–Al Alloys

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daoud Chanbi ◽  
Leïla Adnane Amara ◽  
Erick Ogam ◽  
Sif Amara ◽  
Zine Fellah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rich Alloy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Three series of binary, FeTi (Ti-rich), FeAl and TiAl (Al-rich) alloy samples were produced in an argon arc furnace. An annealing treatment of 72 h at 1000 °C was applied to the samples, giving rise to different equilibrium microstructures depending on chemical composition. Their mechanical properties were studied through the determination of elastic constants that measure the stiffness of the elaborated materials. Young’s modulus of the binary alloys was determined using Resonance Ultrasonic Vibration (RUV). The accuracy of this technique was demonstrated. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) made it possible to identify intermetallic compounds FeTi and Fe 2 Ti, FeAl and Fe Al 2 , and TiAl and Ti Al 2 in respective systems Fe–Ti, Fe–Al, and Ti–Al. The link between their composition, microstructure, and elastic properties was established.

scholarly journals Investigation of zinc stannate synthesis using photoacoustic spectroscopy

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ivetic ◽  
M.V. Nikolic ◽  
P.M. Nikolic ◽  
V. Blagojevic ◽  
S. Djuric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Diffusivity ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructure Characteristics ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mixtures of ZnO and SnO2 powders, with molar ratio of 2:1, were mechanically activated for 40, 80 and 160 minutes in a planetary ball mill. The resulting powders were compacted into pellets and non-isothermally sintered up to 1200?C with a heating rate of 5?C/min. X-ray diffraction analysis of obtained powders and sintered samples was performed in order to investigate changes of the phase composition. The microstructure of sintered samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The photoacoustic phase and amplitude spectra of sintered samples were measured as a function of the laser beam modulating frequency using a transmission detection configuration. Fitting of experimental data enabled determination of photoacoustic properties including thermal diffusivity. Based on the results obtained a correlation between thermal diffusivity and experimental conditions as well the samples microstructure characteristics was discussed. .

scholarly journals BCSA Rawmix Design: Correlation between Chemical Constituents and Mineralogy

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Palla ◽  
Suresh Vanguri ◽  
S Ramakrishna ◽  
S K Chaturvedi ◽  
B N Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Calcium Sulphoaluminate ◽  
The Impact

The cement industry has been identified as one of the main contributors to climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions, mainly CO2. Therefore, to meet CO2 reduction targets, cement producers are working on different methods of minimizing its emission, one of which is alternative clinkers. This study assessed the impact of variations of the raw mix design, concerning the type and proportions of materials, on the formation of calcium sulphoaluminate belite-type clinkers. Various materials were used to produce raw mixes for different percentages of belite, yeeliminite, and other minerals in resultant clinkers. Computer-based theoretical mix designs were designed with different percentages of SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and SO3 and then the designed mixes were fired in a laboratory furnace at 1250oC with 20 min retention time. The resultant clinker samples were characterized with X-ray diffraction for product minerals. The quantification of minerals in every sample was carried out with Rietveld refinement. The obtained results confirmed the correlation between the mineralogy and chemical constituents in the raw mix. The C4AF percentage of the resultant clinker samples increased with an increase in Fe2O3 percentage. C4A3$ content varied with the amounts of Al2O3, SO3, and CaO. The mineral percentage of C2S in the designed mixes had a clear correlation with the constituents of SiO2 and CaO. Anhydrite percentage in the resultant minerals changed with the SO3 content in the raw mix. These results should aid in the determination of the optimum amount of chemical constituents and minerals required for the development of calcium sulphoaluminate clinker.

Fly Ash-Calcined Phosphogypsum Cementitous Materials with Different Thermally Treated Phosphogypsum

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 816-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Qing Chen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Thermally Treated

Experiments were performed to investigate the properties of fly ash-calcined phosphogypsum (PG) cementitous materials with PG different thermally treated, including being calcined at 135°C, 430°C and 800°C separately. Durability of the cementitous materials was investigated by determination of mass loss of binders immersed in water for different durations and strength development subjected to various curing conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to study the differences in hydration products among binders with different thermally treated PG. Morphology and microstructure of the hardened binders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Results suggest that the binder with PG sintered at 430°C obtains the best performance, indicating both impurities in PG and the form of gypsum influence its utilization greatly. Considering this, it can be concluded that choice of a proper thermal treatment is important.

Crystallite Size and Magnetic Properties of HDDR Powders Obtained from PrFeCoBNb Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
S.C. Silva ◽  
José Hélio Duvaizem ◽  
Rubens Nunes de Faria Jr. ◽  
Hidetoshi Takiishi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Phase Quantification ◽  
Scanning Electron

The first goal of this work involved the study of HDDR powders obtained from annealed alloys with the general formula: PrxFe77.9-xCo16B6Nb0.1 (x = 12; 12.5; 13; 13.5 and 14). The alloys were processed at desorption / recombination temperature of 840°C. The highest magnetic properties were obtained with 13.5 at. % Pr (Br= 1000mT and µ0iHc= 890mT). The alloy with a minimum praseodymium content (12 at. %) exhibited the lowest magnetic properties (Br= 350mT e iHc= 120mT). The second aim of the work involved the characterization of HDDR powders using X-ray diffraction for phase quantification and mean crystallite sizes determination of the hard magnetic phase. The processed powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Determination of mercury content in hard coal and fly ash using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with chemical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3927-3942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Rompalski ◽  
Adam Smoliński ◽  
Hanna Krztoń ◽  
Jarosław Gazdowicz ◽  
Natalia Howaniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

scholarly journals Geotechnical behavior of a tropical residual soil contaminated with gasoline

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (190) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Echeverri ◽  
Yamile Valencia González ◽  
Daniel Eduardo Toscano-Patiño ◽  
Francisco A. Ordoñez-Muñoz ◽  
Cristina Arango-Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Pinhole Test

The infrastructure for hydrocarbon transportation has grown significantly to supply the needs of a greater number of settlements; however, due to problems in the supply networks, accidental spills or leaks can contaminate the underlying soils. This paper addresses soils contaminated with gasoline, and it analyzes the changes that occur in a tropical residual soil after contamination. Analysis was carried out by using specific laboratory tests to characterize the type of soil (Miniature Compacted Tropical Classification, Suction, Pinhole Test, Collapse Potential, X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, pH determination) and by performing traditional tests (natural humidity, specific gravity, granulometry, Atterberg limits, direct shear, etc.). These tests were conducted with samples in their natural state, as well as contaminated samples, in order to elucidate possible variations in the mechanical characteristics of the material.

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