scholarly journals How Technology Influences the Therapeutic Process: Evaluation of the Patient-Therapist Relationship in Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy and In Vivo Exposure Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Wrzesien ◽  
Juana Bretón-López ◽  
Cristina Botella ◽  
Jean-Marie Burkhardt ◽  
Mariano Alcañiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Therapeutic Context

Background: New technologies have slowly become a part of psychologists’ therapeutic office. However, many therapists still have doubts about the possibility of creating a good therapeutic relationship with patients in the presence of technology. Aims: This study evaluates the development of the therapeutic alliance in individuals with small animal phobia disorder who were treated with Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy or In Vivo Exposure Therapy. Method: Twenty-two participants received an intensive session of cognitive behavioural therapy in either a technology-mediated therapeutic context or in a traditional therapeutic context. Results: The results show no significant difference for the therapeutic alliance between two conditions. Conclusions: The results seem to show that technologies such as Augmented Reality do not represent a danger to negatively influence the therapeutic alliance.

scholarly journals Towards a Taxonomy of Feedback Factors Affecting the User Experience of Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy Systems for Small-Animal Phobias

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Ramírez-Fernández ◽  
Alberto L. Morán ◽  
Victoria Meza-Kubo
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Animal Phobias ◽  
Virtual Reality Exposure

Small-animal phobias has been treated using in vivo exposure therapies (IVET) and virtual reality exposure therapies (VRET). Recently, augmented reality for exposure therapies (ARET) has also been presented and validated as a suitable tool. In this work we identified an ensemble of feedback factors that affect the user experience of patients using ARET systems for the treatment of small-animal phobias, and propose a taxonomy to characterize this kind of applications according to the feedback factors used in the application. Further, we present a customized version of the taxonomy by considering factors/attributes specific to the visual stimuli. To the best of our knowledge, no other work has identified nor provided an explicit classification or taxonomy of factors that affect the user experience of patients using this kind of systems for the treatment of small-animal phobias. Our final aim is to two-fold: (i) provide a tool for the design, classification and evaluation of this kind of systems, and (ii) inspire others to conduct further work on this topic.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and In Vivo Exposure Therapy: A Preliminary Comparison of Treatment Efficacy in Small Animal Phobia

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Suso-Ribera ◽  
Javier Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Azucena García-Palacios ◽  
Hunter G. Hoffman ◽  
Juani Bretón-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Preliminary Comparison

scholarly journals In Vivo versus Augmented Reality Exposure in the Treatment of Small Animal Phobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0148237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Botella ◽  
M. Ángeles Pérez-Ara ◽  
Juana Bretón-López ◽  
Soledad Quero ◽  
Azucena García-Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Testing augmented reality for Eliciting cue-Provoked Urges to smoke: toward moving cue-exposure into the real world

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen O Brandon ◽  
Christine Vinci ◽  
Marloes Kleinjan ◽  
Laura M Hernandez ◽  
Leslie E Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Cue Reactivity ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Presentation Modality ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Smoking Cues ◽  
Urge To Smoke ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Background Cue exposure for extinguishing conditioned urges to smoking cues has been promising in the laboratory, but difficult to implement in natural environments. The recent availability of augmented reality (AR) via smartphone provides an opportunity to overcome this limitation. Testing the ability of AR to elicit cue-provoked urges to smoke (i.e., cue reactivity [CR]) is the first step to systemically testing the efficacy of AR for cue exposure therapy. Objectives To test CR to smoking-related AR cues compared to neutral AR cues, and compared to in vivo cues. Methods A 2 x 2 within-subject design comparing cue content (smoking vs. neutral) and presentation modality (AR vs. in vivo) on urge response. Seventeen smokers viewed six smoking-related and six neutral cues via AR smartphone app and also six smoking and six neutral in vivo cues. Participants rated their urge to smoke and reality/co-existence of the cue. Results Average urge to smoke was higher following smoking-related AR images (Median=7.50) than neutral images (Median=3.33) (Z=−3.44; P=.001; d=1.37). Similarly, average urge ratings for in vivo smoking-related cues (Median=8.12) were higher than for neutral cues (Median=2.12) (Z=-3.44; P=.001; d=1.64). Also, greater CR was observed for in vivo cues than to AR cues (Z=-2.67, P=.008; d=.36). AR cues were generally perceived as being realistic and well-integrated. Conclusions CR was demonstrated with very large effect sizes in response to AR smoking cues, although slightly smaller than with in vivo smoking cues. This satisfies the first criterion for the potential use of AR for exposure therapy.

Meiotic CENP-C is a shepherd: bridging the space between the centromere and the kinetochore in time and space

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Prophase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Kinetochore Assembly ◽  
M Phase ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Meiosis I

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Red Eyes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Jasmine Thombs
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Grief And Loss ◽  
Internal Working Model ◽  
Internal Working ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Sight Loss ◽  
Red Eyes

This vignette illustrates how an individual with a complex pathology can present with a sight-threatening condition that appears to resist medical treatment in some measure if the psychological component is ignored. The case exemplifies the way in which therapeutic intervention can help in the recovery from a sightthreatening condition and from the underlying trauma associated with it. It is recognised that people affected by sight-threatening conditions will understandably experience very strong and at times overwhelming feelings related to grief and loss. In this case, the possibility of sight loss created a severe reaction of panic and confusion, and disrupted cognitive functions. These problems were often compounded by symptoms including anger, disassociation, apathy, and depression. This vignette showed how Bowlby's concepts of attachment and loss, and maternal deprivation, helped in the therapeutic alliance. The understanding of the client's internal working model was fundamental to the ongoing therapeutic process that allowed her to heal.

In-vivo anti-oxidant screening of Tectona grandis extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Tamilarasi G P ◽  
Sabarees G
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Radical Generation

Oxidation is an essential reaction in the human body, which determines the expression of proteins in the body. This results in the altered expression like rapid growth resulting in cancers and other disorders. Many synthetic drugs are available in the market that is effective in limiting the free radical generation and the reaction of radicals with cells. Unfortunately, all those synthetic drugs were found to cause side effects and adverse effects in the body. But given the accuracy of the predictability of the results and administration, this research focuses on testing the anti-oxidant efficiency in rat models testing the biochemical parameters. Investigations have also been done on the anti-oxidant activity of Tectona, but every research was concentrated to prove the anti-oxidant activity only. extract had been tested for anti-oxidant activity by estimating various tissue parameters and it showed better activity. As predicted, there is a significant difference in the and results which can be explained are due to the physiological conditions that exist inside the body.

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