Environmental and Medical Bioethics in Late Modernity: Anthony Giddens, Genetic Engineering and the Post-Modern State

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 211-225
Author(s):  
Ruth McNally ◽  
Peter Wheale
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Different Order

A controversial question among contemporary scholars is whether advanced industrial societies are still in modernity, or whether they are on the threshold of, or even have entered, a new postmodern order (see, for example, Bell, 1973; Lyotard, 1986, p. 14; Lash and Urry, 1987). In The Consequences of Modernity Anthony Giddens writes: ‘Beyond modernity, we can perceive a new and different order, which is “post-modern”, but this is quite distinct from what is at the moment called by many “post-modernity”’ (Giddens, 1990, p. 3). However, he does recognize that there is something perceptibly different about the present, which he characterizes as ‘late modernity’ (or ‘high modernity'), an era in which the consequences of modernity are more radicalized and globalized than before (Giddens, 1990, pp. 3, 51).

scholarly journals Globalisation and individualisation in late modernity: a theoretical introduction to the sociology of youth

Idéias ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Frédéric Vandenberghe
Keyword(s):  
Late Modernity ◽  
Anthony Giddens

O artigo oferece uma análise programática de algumas das principais teorias da modernização, da globalização e da individualização na modernidade tardia, conectando essa análise à sociologia da juventude. O texto se divide em quatro partes: a primeira provê um panorama dos debates sobre a modernidade, distinguindo várias posições no seio destes (clássica, anti, pós e neo); a segunda parte propõe um quadro de referência multidimensional para a análise da globalização, o qual integra seus aspectos econômicos, políticos e culturais em uma narrativa coerente; a terceira parte apresenta as teorias da sociedade de risco, da modernização reflexiva e da individualização reflexiva de Ulrich Beck e Anthony Giddens; finalmente, a última parte costura todos os fios da análise em uma teoria sociológica da juventude, do pós-materialismo e dos novos movimentos sociais.

scholarly journals Shifting the Specificity of E. coli Biosensor from Inorganic Arsenic to Phenylarsine Oxide through Genetic Engineering

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3093
Author(s):  
Hyojin Kim ◽  
Yangwon Jeon ◽  
Woonwoo Lee ◽  
Geupil Jang ◽  
Youngdae Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Coli Cell ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Phenylarsine Oxide ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Organic Arsenic ◽  
The Moment

It has recently been discovered that organic and inorganic arsenics could be detrimental to human health. Although organic arsenic is less toxic than inorganic arsenic, it could form inorganic arsenic through chemical and biological processes in environmental systems. In this regard, the availability of tools for detecting organic arsenic species would be beneficial. Because As-sensing biosensors employing arsenic responsive genetic systems are regulated by ArsR which detects arsenics, the target selectivity of biosensors could be obtained by modulating the selectivity of ArsR. In this study, we demonstrated a shift in the specificity of E. coli cell-based biosensors from the detection of inorganic arsenic to that of organic arsenic, specifically phenylarsine oxide (PAO), through the genetic engineering of ArsR. By modulating the number and location of cysteines forming coordinate covalent bonds with arsenic species, an E. coli cell-based biosensor that was specific to PAO was obtained. Despite its restriction to PAO at the moment, it offers invaluable evidence of the potential to generate new biosensors for sensing organic arsenic species through the genetic engineering of ArsR.

Negotiations between progressive and ‘traditional’ expressions of masculinity among young Australian men

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Narrative Interviews ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Work Lives ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Men And Masculinities ◽  
Late Modern

This article draws on feminist theory and critical studies on men and masculinities to explore expressions of masculinity among young, relatively privileged men between the ages of 20 and 29 in Australia. Narrative interviews conducted with these men in 2014 revealed assertions of progressive attitudes alongside reworkings of more hegemonic expressions of masculinity. In particular, participants demonstrated distancing from ideas of protest masculinity and spoke of iterations of softer masculinities in relation to their work lives and friendships. At the same time, they borrowed or co-opted aspects of a perceived version of protest masculinity, such as ‘hard work for hard bodies’. Through such practices and beliefs, participants could juggle contradictory requirements of masculinity in late modernity and perpetuate more privileged modes of masculinity. This article argues that sociological attention must continue to be focused on ongoing, privileged expressions of masculinity, even as encouraging changes emerge in late modern, post-industrial societies.

Islam and the postsecular

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUSTAPHA KAMAL PASHA
Keyword(s):  
Political Islam ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Secular Modernity ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Islamic Identity ◽  
Different Order

AbstractThe language of the ‘postsecular’ acknowledges the enduring presence of faith in politics, repudiating secularisation theses claiming diminution or privatisation of religion in social and political life. In cognitive and experiential worlds, those presumably unfettered by these conceptions (for example, the Islamic Cultural Zones or ICZs), the postsecular presents a different order of challenge and possibility. The term ICZs refers to Muslim majority areas informed by transnational subjectivities loosely connecting varied Islamic societies around symbolic commonality, memory, and historical experience. The term stresses the plurality of Islamic cultural experience, albeit distinguished by recognisable semiotic markers, without essentialising Islamic identity. This article questions the hegemonic view pervasive in both secular and postsecular theorising of the fiction of immutability of faith in the ICZs and recognises its rupture and displacement under conditions of late modernity. The ontological dislocation in the character of religion itself under conditions of late modernity opens up the possibility to account for the assumed resistance of Islam to secular modernity, but also to explain Islam's imbrications in politics read under the sign of Political Islam. Paradoxically, under the condition of late modernity, a more homogenised Islam appears to crystallise in the ICZs at odds with an ‘open’ Islam.

The autonomous power of the state: its origins, mechanisms and results

1984 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mann
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Unique Ability

This essay tries to specify the origins, mechanisms and results of the autonomous power which the state possesses in relation to the major power groupings of ‘civil society’. The argument is couched generally, but it derives from a large, ongoing empirical research project into the development of power in human societies. At the moment, my generalisations are bolder about agrarian societies; concerning industrial societies I will be more tentative. I define the state and then pursue the implications of that definition. I discuss two essential parts of the definition, centrality and territoriality, in relation to two types of state power, termed here despotic and infrastructural power. I argue that state autonomy, of both despotic and infrastructural forms, flows principally from the state's unique ability to provide a territorially-centralised form of organization.

scholarly journals The Formation of North African Otherness in the Canary Islands from the 16th to 18th Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e012
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Santana
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Modern State ◽  
North African ◽  
Royal Decree ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
The North ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
North Western

The current study of the North Africans of the Canary Islands during the 16th-18th centuries represents a contribution to the question of the development of the Muslim stereotype in Spain. This population with origins almost exclusively in north-western Africa, an area known at the time as Barbary, was forcibly relocated to the islands. Most of the Old Christians at the moment of the Royal Decree of 1609 expelling of the Moriscos from the Peninsula declared that the Moriscos of the archipelago were good Christians and loyal vassals. The archipelago was hence the only area of the Spanish Crown where they were not expelled. Fear served the monarchies of new emerging modern state to secure power and fashion a proto-national identity that differentiated individuals of different cultures and religions. The Moriscos of the archipelago were therefore throughout three centuries one of the main collectives singled out for religious, political and economic reasons.

Reflexive Traditions: Anthony Giddens, High Modernity, and the Contours of Contemporary Religiosity

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Late Modernity ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Contemporary Religion

The following discussion is an attempt to make an initial assessment of the value to Religious Studies of certain aspects of the social theory of Anthony Giddens. I suggest that debates centred on the nature of ‘high’ or ‘late’ modernity have substantial implications for the study of contemporary religion. The theoretical work of Giddens encourages us to reconsider the nature of ‘tradition’ as it is expressed and deployed in modern religious contexts. He notes the centrality of ‘reflexivity’ in modernity and suggests that traditions which have passed through the reflexive filterings and critical questions of modernity should be called ‘sham traditions’. In the following discussion I explore this argument, and outline the potential value of a great deal of it to the scholar of contemporary religion. Nevertheless, I also suggest that we should talk not of ‘sham’ traditions but merely of ‘reflexive’ ones. I argue that the incorporation of modern reflexivity into religious traditions does not mean that they become false representations of traditions which have, in actuality, been discarded. On the contrary, I suggest that reflexive traditions can provide new, dynamic forms for the expression and development of religion within the context of high modernity. In the course of this discussion, I hope to establish the value of the term ‘reflexive traditions’ for scholars of modern religion.

The High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
The Moment

The high resolution STEM is now a fact of life. I think that we have, in the last few years, demonstrated that this instrument is capable of the same resolving power as a CEM but is sufficiently different in its imaging characteristics to offer some real advantages.It seems possible to prove in a quite general way that only a field emission source can give adequate intensity for the highest resolution^ and at the moment this means operating at ultra high vacuum levels. Our experience, however, is that neither the source nor the vacuum are difficult to manage and indeed are simpler than many other systems and substantially trouble-free.

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