scholarly journals Male labor force participation and social security in Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMA AGUILA
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Retirement Behavior ◽  
Working Age

AbstractLabor force participation among Mexican males in their early retirement years (60–64 years of age) has decreased in recent decades, from 94.6% in 1960 to 65.2% in 2010. Similar trends are evident elsewhere in Latin America, and have occurred in the developed world. Such trends pose challenges to the financial sustainability of social security systems as working-age populations decrease and those in retirement increase both because of demographic trends and decisions to take early retirement. In this study, we find that the Mexican social security system provides incentives to retire early. The retirement incentives of the Mexican social security system affect retirement behavior, and may be one of the main contributors to early retirement decisions, particularly for lower-income populations. We simulated the effect of the reform from a pay-as-you-go to the new Personal Retirement Accounts (PRA) system and we find that the PRA system also provides incentives for early retirement. Further analysis is needed to assess the financial sustainability of the social security system and financial security in old age for the largest cohorts in Mexico that will begin to retire by 2040.

Social transfers in the period of transformation and their effects

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Sirovátka
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Security System ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Social Risks

Individual responsibility and subsidiarity represent more general principles of market transition which are also relevant for social security system. The main goals of transformation of social security systems in transition countries have been defined as follows: more transparency and better targeting which is - considering cost efficiency requirement - necessary condition to protect the citizens against the newly emerging social risks. The question how far the effects of social security system transformation correspond to these claims seems to be extremely politically significant.

scholarly journals PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-329
Author(s):  
Cristiane Miziara Mussi ◽  
Marcos Roberto Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Impact

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget. 

scholarly journals PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-329
Author(s):  
Cristiane Miziara Mussi ◽  
Marcos Roberto Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Impact

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget. 

Long-term sickness and invalidity benefits: Forecasting and other actuarial problems

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haberman
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Insurance Benefit ◽  
Disability Claim ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

It is proposed to discuss the actuarial problems associated with the management of long-term sickness and invalidity benefits. The emphasis is on benefits provided by social security schemes (with particular reference to National Insurance benefit in the UK), but the main points are relevant to private sector benefits including permanent health insurance (PHI).The plan of the paper is as follows. We describe in Section 2 the nature of long-term invalidity benefit provided by the British social security system and then consider in Section 3 the problems associated with defining disability. A discussion of the differences between the incidence of morbidity and the making of an insurance claim leads to consideration of selection and moral hazard (Section 4). We then examine in Section 5 the methodology for analysing costs and estimating future costs with particular reference to the development within the Government Actuary's Department (GAD) of a model based on an incidence and survivorship approach to invalidity benefit and the debate aroused by CMI Report No. 7 on the same topic5. The paper then presents an analysis of recent trends in disability claim rates (Section 6) and incidence and termination rates (Sections 7 and 8) based on invalidity benefit within the British social security system, as well as PHI and the experience of other countries. Attempts are then made in Section 9 to explain these trends and the upward trend in financial costs for disability benefits experienced by many social security systems. The paper concludes with an examination of two areas of current interest, viz. sex differences in morbidity rates and claim rates (Section 10) and the relationship between claim rates and the prevailing level of unemployment (Section 11).

scholarly journals The Measurement of Social Security Convergence: The Case of European Public Pension Systems since 1950

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
System Development ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This article proposes a novel way of measuring cross-national changes over time in the outputs of social security systems. Traditional approaches to the comparative analysis of social security systems use expenditure levels, regime types or poverty and inequality rates to rank countries and map change over time. All these approaches encounter the problem of determining how much of the observed change is due to internal developments within the social security system, and how much due to exogenous social and economic factors. Taking the example of public pensions in five European countries since 1950, this article demonstrates how formal social security rules can be used in a simulation model to evaluate changes in public pension payments for a variety of hypothetical individuals characterised by different levels of lifetime income. This procedure produces direct measures of the impact of changes in social security systems which are entirely independent of exogenous developments in social and economic structures. This new method reveals the ‘pure’ effect of internal social security system development over time.

scholarly journals PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-329
Author(s):  
Cristiane Miziara Mussi ◽  
Marcos Roberto Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Impact

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget. 

scholarly journals PENSION DEFICIT IN BRAZILIAN SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM: LEGAL REMARKS AND STRATEGIES TOWARDS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-329
Author(s):  
Cristiane Miziara Mussi ◽  
Marcos Roberto Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Brazilian Government ◽  
The Impact

The present article consists in the brief analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian General Regime Social Security, depicting its frailty against subsequent legal reforms through which it has passed in recent years. It also deals with the impact of socioeconomic changes on the current and future financial sustainability of the Brazilian pension system. In fact, the evolution of the statistics concerning such social indicators can be quite decisive for the future sustainability of the Brazilian social security system. For this, we used the phenomenological method - hermeneutics, by privileging theoretical studies and analysis of documents and texts. Such research is very important in order to provide a glimpse of the general social security regimen in Brazil and its future prospects. The main results show that there is a budgetary concern due to the growth in life expectancy and declining birth rate. Even with the absence of the current financial deficit proclaimed by the media and the federal government, there will be the need for reform to fit the budget of Brazil’s future Social Security System. According to our analysis, the improvement of Brazilian Social Security requires legal autonomy of the Social Security Revenue (thus preventing the withdrawal of it funds to defray social security benefits belonging to another public sectors), the increase of minimum wage in the country, and public policies to stimulate the entry of informal workers in the General Social Security Regimen. Furthermore, this article suggests that, as a matter of immediate public policy, the Brazilian government should focus more energetically in improvement of educational systems, which presents itself as a strong indicator for the improvement of social welfare budget. 

scholarly journals SISTEM PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL JEPANG: MENUJU NEGARA WELFARE PLURALISM

Sosio Informa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu'man Nuryana
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Welfare Pluralism

(Social ProtectionSystem in Jepang for Welfare Pluralism Country) - This article attempts to describe social security system in Japan, with special emphasize on its objectives, purposes and functions. However, Japanese social security systems will be looked at the present situation in order to know how they have been established. Indeed, social security system in Japan is a general expression that includes the systems in the following fields: social insurance systems including medical and pension insurance programs, public assistance systems to ensure the minimum level of sound and cultural living, social welfare systems for children, mothers and children, people of disabilities and for the elderly, medical care systems, and the systems for public and environmental health. And there are objectives and functions for each social security system in. A recognition into the objectives and functions of social security systems in Japan will help us in analyzing the present situation of, evaluating, or examining the desirable future of social security in Indonesia.

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