Social transfers in the period of transformation and their effects

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Sirovátka
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Security System ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Social Risks

Individual responsibility and subsidiarity represent more general principles of market transition which are also relevant for social security system. The main goals of transformation of social security systems in transition countries have been defined as follows: more transparency and better targeting which is - considering cost efficiency requirement - necessary condition to protect the citizens against the newly emerging social risks. The question how far the effects of social security system transformation correspond to these claims seems to be extremely politically significant.

Long-term sickness and invalidity benefits: Forecasting and other actuarial problems

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haberman
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Insurance Benefit ◽  
Disability Claim ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk

It is proposed to discuss the actuarial problems associated with the management of long-term sickness and invalidity benefits. The emphasis is on benefits provided by social security schemes (with particular reference to National Insurance benefit in the UK), but the main points are relevant to private sector benefits including permanent health insurance (PHI).The plan of the paper is as follows. We describe in Section 2 the nature of long-term invalidity benefit provided by the British social security system and then consider in Section 3 the problems associated with defining disability. A discussion of the differences between the incidence of morbidity and the making of an insurance claim leads to consideration of selection and moral hazard (Section 4). We then examine in Section 5 the methodology for analysing costs and estimating future costs with particular reference to the development within the Government Actuary's Department (GAD) of a model based on an incidence and survivorship approach to invalidity benefit and the debate aroused by CMI Report No. 7 on the same topic5. The paper then presents an analysis of recent trends in disability claim rates (Section 6) and incidence and termination rates (Sections 7 and 8) based on invalidity benefit within the British social security system, as well as PHI and the experience of other countries. Attempts are then made in Section 9 to explain these trends and the upward trend in financial costs for disability benefits experienced by many social security systems. The paper concludes with an examination of two areas of current interest, viz. sex differences in morbidity rates and claim rates (Section 10) and the relationship between claim rates and the prevailing level of unemployment (Section 11).

scholarly journals The Measurement of Social Security Convergence: The Case of European Public Pension Systems since 1950

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
System Development ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Public Pension ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Regime Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This article proposes a novel way of measuring cross-national changes over time in the outputs of social security systems. Traditional approaches to the comparative analysis of social security systems use expenditure levels, regime types or poverty and inequality rates to rank countries and map change over time. All these approaches encounter the problem of determining how much of the observed change is due to internal developments within the social security system, and how much due to exogenous social and economic factors. Taking the example of public pensions in five European countries since 1950, this article demonstrates how formal social security rules can be used in a simulation model to evaluate changes in public pension payments for a variety of hypothetical individuals characterised by different levels of lifetime income. This procedure produces direct measures of the impact of changes in social security systems which are entirely independent of exogenous developments in social and economic structures. This new method reveals the ‘pure’ effect of internal social security system development over time.

scholarly journals SISTEM PERLINDUNGAN SOSIAL JEPANG: MENUJU NEGARA WELFARE PLURALISM

Sosio Informa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu'man Nuryana
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Pension Insurance ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Welfare Pluralism

(Social ProtectionSystem in Jepang for Welfare Pluralism Country) - This article attempts to describe social security system in Japan, with special emphasize on its objectives, purposes and functions. However, Japanese social security systems will be looked at the present situation in order to know how they have been established. Indeed, social security system in Japan is a general expression that includes the systems in the following fields: social insurance systems including medical and pension insurance programs, public assistance systems to ensure the minimum level of sound and cultural living, social welfare systems for children, mothers and children, people of disabilities and for the elderly, medical care systems, and the systems for public and environmental health. And there are objectives and functions for each social security system in. A recognition into the objectives and functions of social security systems in Japan will help us in analyzing the present situation of, evaluating, or examining the desirable future of social security in Indonesia.

scholarly journals FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Nataliia Zolotarova ◽  
Hennadii Shevchuk ◽  
Andrii Shevarikhin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Social

The aim of the article is to analyse the foreign experience of the social security system of law enforcement personnel, to distinguish the features of establishing the rates and types of remuneration for law enforcement personnel in foreign countries, to determine the interrelation between the standard of social security and work experience and professional competencies. The subject of the study is the foreign experience of the social security system for law enforcement officials. Methodology. The study is based on a comparison of the social security system for law enforcement officials in Ukraine and in foreign countries. The analysis of the features of social security for law enforcement officers enabled to determine the advantages and disadvantages of different social security systems. A comparative legal study of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation enabled to reveal the possibilities and limits of the application of positive foreign experience in this sphere. The results of the study revealed that in Ukraine the solution of problems on the performance improvement of law enforcement is interrelated with the issues of social security for personnel at work. Therefore, nowadays one of the main objectives is the development of a clear system of social security for law enforcement officers, including police officers, formation of an effective system of remuneration, based on performance indicators. Practical implications. In developed countries, the practice of social policy has formed several areas of its implementation. These include wage policy, social insurance, including medical, pension insurance, housing policy, as well as allowances and social benefits. Some aspects of social security for employees should be studied as a positive example for Ukraine in the course of social reforms. However, the application of foreign experience does not mean a mechanical transfer of certain forms of social security of foreign countries to Ukrainian reality. It should be considered that some aspects of reforming social security for law enforcement officers are universal; other aspects can be applied only under certain conditions related to the political situation in the country, the level of economic development, traditions, as well as the level of crime and criminalization of society. Relevance/originality. A comparative analysis of the ratio of social security systems for law enforcement officers is the basis for developing the most promising areas of domestic legislation in this sphere.

scholarly journals Male labor force participation and social security in Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMMA AGUILA
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Retirement Behavior ◽  
Working Age

AbstractLabor force participation among Mexican males in their early retirement years (60–64 years of age) has decreased in recent decades, from 94.6% in 1960 to 65.2% in 2010. Similar trends are evident elsewhere in Latin America, and have occurred in the developed world. Such trends pose challenges to the financial sustainability of social security systems as working-age populations decrease and those in retirement increase both because of demographic trends and decisions to take early retirement. In this study, we find that the Mexican social security system provides incentives to retire early. The retirement incentives of the Mexican social security system affect retirement behavior, and may be one of the main contributors to early retirement decisions, particularly for lower-income populations. We simulated the effect of the reform from a pay-as-you-go to the new Personal Retirement Accounts (PRA) system and we find that the PRA system also provides incentives for early retirement. Further analysis is needed to assess the financial sustainability of the social security system and financial security in old age for the largest cohorts in Mexico that will begin to retire by 2040.

scholarly journals 100 lat systemu pomocy społecznej w Polsce Abstract.

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Brenk ◽  
Krzysztof Chaczko ◽  
Rafał Pląsek
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

The goal of this article is to sum up the past hundred years of the social security system in Poland, starting with establishment thereof as Poland regained statehood in 1918. The changes which occurred in that time have been divided into three subsequent stages of the history of the Polish social security system. The first was the Interwar period when efforts were made to establish a social security system in independent Poland, in areas formerly divided between Austria, Prussia and Russia with extreme systems of social security. The next period was the Polish People’s Republic (1944–1989) when the communist authorities dismantled the pre-war social security system based on cooperation between state-owned and social organisations and the Church, replacing it with inefficient structures interested only in selected social groups in need. On the other hand, the third stage, commenced in 1989, of reconstructing social security, at first offered social protection for individuals affected by the system transformation. The last dozen or so years of development of social security is characterised by increasingly visible stimulation of social and economic growth to activate people from the fringes of the society.

scholarly journals MULTILATERALITY OF UKRAINE'S SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Orystlava Sydorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Statistical Error ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Security System ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Social Risks

Introduction. Ensuring social security at the level of an individual, society or state is a central concept of activity of all branches of government in Ukraine, as it is a guarantee of public perception of the activities of public institutions and successful implementation of reforms. The lack of stability in Ukrainian society is particularly relevant to the task of ensuring multi-level social security and encourages the deepening and development of organizational and managerial principles of its regulation. Methods. The dialectical method of scientific cognition, complex, systematic, logical approaches, as well as a sociological survey were used to identify the state, problems and directions of providing social security, the sample size of which was 2515 respondents in 110 settlements of Ukraine, statistical error (probability 0,95, design effect 1,5) did not exceed 3,2% for metrics close to 50% and not less than 0,7% for metrics close to 1% and 99%. Results. Based on the hierarchy of the construction and functioning of social systems, there is reason to argue that the social security system is a complex multilevel system, which is formed and operates in the plane of objective and subjective processes from the influence of many factors of internal and external origin. A high level of social security is achieved by creating favourable conditions for ensuring a sufficient standard of living for the population and is characterized by the size of real incomes and the volume of economic benefits. Social security management is a purposeful activity of social security entities that develop and implement governmental, regulatory, coordinating, controlling, regulatory and organizational-managerial influences on social security objects for the purpose of forecasting, timely detection, prevention and neutralizing threats. Discussion. Further research should be carried out in the direction of developing the scientific basis of state regulation of social security, aimed at timely response to and elimination of social threats, formation of targeted mechanisms for achieving social security, coordination and interaction of authorities. Keywords: social progress, public administration, social security system, national security, social risks, social and economic interests.

scholarly journals Had Kifayah Zakah and Adequacy of Income Redistribution: A Proposal Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Bayu Taufiq Possumah
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Minimum Income ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Entire Society

Social security systems traditionally serve a dual purpose: they maintain acquired living standards in the event of the materialization of social risks and combat poverty by guaranteeing adequate minimum income. In this paper we consider Zakat as an important mechanism that strengthens the economy of the entire society by providing Had kifayah as a way to redistribute income. Zakat is also a source of social security to the community, especially to those under inadequate living standards. Had Kifayah Zakat can work as a minimum standard to manage redistribution of income, thereby reducing poverty and balancing economic growth in our society. Keywords: Had Kifayah; Zakat; Social Security; Income redistribution; adequacy

scholarly journals Construction of a Sustainable Social Security System in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Roman Garbiec
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Security System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Economic Equity

The paper is about the construction of a sustainable social security system in Poland which is an attempt to define the types of changes that are required for the improvement of this system at the beginning of the 21st century. Optimization of the system should be understood as economic equity and obligatory application of axioms of commonship and unification. In order to construct a valid social security system, it is necessary to define the following factors: a catalog of social risks, a method of benefit funding and parameters of the benefits to be paid. Any structurally and financially sustainable system must be designed so that all its elements are compatible both with social risks that are protected in the system and with the elements of the social security system. The paper presents the Polish social protection system together with the social security system, the risks that are protected in the social insurances and a concept of changes that should be made to optimize the social security system.

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