Standards-Based Quantification in DTSA-II—Part I

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W.M. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Measured Spectrum ◽  
Complex Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Software Vendor ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Constituent Elements

Quantifying an X-ray spectrum is the process of converting a measured spectrum into an estimate of the composition of the material from which the spectrum was collected. In a certain sense, interpreting X-ray spectra is very simple. A spectrum from even the most complex material can be thought of as a sum of spectra from the constituent elements (see Figure 1). To first approximation, if you know the spectrum for the constituent pure elements, you can estimate the spectrum for the complex material. Regardless of the software vendor or the name of the algorithm, this is the basis for quantification of all X-ray spectra.

Study on Formation and Exfoliation Mechanism of Alloy TP347H’s Oxide Scale in Supercritical Boiler

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 392-396
Author(s):  
Jin Xi Zheng ◽  
Zhi Hu Ai ◽  
Ding Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Heating Surface ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
High Temperature Heating

The paper addresses the assessment of the steam-side oxidation behavior of alloy TP347H tubes in supercritical boilers.The high temperature heating surface of supercritical boiler can easily form the oxide scale on the inside surfaces of steam tubes after a period of operation. When accumulated to a certain amount, the oxide scale would exfoliate. It could influence the actuating medium flowing and heat transferring, cause overheating or even the explosion of heating surface. The oxide scale sampled on heat-absorbing surface of alloy TP347H tubes was examined. The oxide exfoliation sampled was studied experimentally by energy dispersive spectrometer and the X-ray diffractometer. The constituent elements and structural features of oxide scale in TP347H tubes were emphatically analyzed. The mechanism of steam-side oxidation and scale exfoliation in the TP347H tubes, as well as its influence factor, were described. It is found that the temperature is one of the most important influences. The measures that controlled the oxide exfoliation on a large scale were brought forward so as to provide a scientific guidance for reducing the oxide scale formation and avoiding tube bursting for over-temperature.

SYNTHESIS AND PIXE CHARACTERIZATION OF CuInSe2 AND CuIn3Se5

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
P. MALAR ◽  
TAPASH RANJAN RAUTRAY ◽  
V. VIJAYAN ◽  
S. KASIVISWANATHAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stoichiometric Mixture ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
Constituent Elements

Polycrystalline ingots of CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 were synthesized by melt-quench technique starting from the stoichiometric mixture of constituent elements. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the single-phase nature of the materials. Compositional analysis by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) showed that the compounds are near stoichiometric. Thin films of CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 were grown from pre-synthesized CuInSe 2 and CuIn 3 Se 5 powders. The films were polycrystalline, single-phase and near stoichiometric in nature, as indicated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and PIXE studies.

Research on the Structure of One-Dimensional Chain Calcium (ΙΙ) Complex Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 400-403
Author(s):  
Li Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Dimensional Chain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Complex Material ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Π Stacking Interaction

A new Ca(II) complex material has been prepared by the reaction of calcium perchlorate with 4-amino-3-methyl-benzenesulfonic acid and sodium hydroxide, and was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the complex crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n with a = 0.63090(10) nm, b = 0. 70513(11) nm, c = 2.4262(4) nm, V = 1.0766(3) nm3, Z = 2, F (000) = 562, Rint = 0.0252. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that each calcium ion lies in six-coordinated environments, and the complex formed one dimensional chain structure through intramolecule and intermolecule hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interaction.

Effects of DMSO Content on the Optical Properties, Liquid Stability, and Antimicrobial Activity of Fe3O4/OA/DMSO Ferrofluids

NANO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosy Eko Saputro ◽  
Ahmad Taufiq ◽  
Sunaryono ◽  
Nurul Hidayat ◽  
Arif Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Excellent Stability

Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized through a sonochemical method and were subsequently investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed that the phase obtained was Fe3O4 with the most intense peak at 2[Formula: see text] of 35.5∘. The particle size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles was 11.4[Formula: see text]nm. The dried ferrofluids containing Fe3O4 as a filler, oleic acid (OA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as surfactants tended to be amorphous. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles revealed agglomeration, and the dried ferrofluids morphology showed excellent dispersion. The constituent elements of both the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and the Fe3O4/OA/DMSO ferrofluids were identified through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to be Fe, O and C. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) investigation revealed functional groups of the Fe3O4/OA/DMSO ferrofluids constituent Fe3O4 as the filler, OA and DMSO as surfactants, and olive oil as a dispersant. The absorbance of the samples was characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and the results were used to calculate the energy gap of the Fe3O4/OA/DMSO ferrofluids ranged from 2.20[Formula: see text]eV to 2.45[Formula: see text]eV. Through the absorbance measurements, the optical properties of Fe3O4/OA/DMSO ferrofluids were evaluated on the basis of their refractive indices, which ranged from 2.86 to 3.02. The stability of the Fe3O4/OA/DMSO ferrofluids was characterized by transmittance data collected for 12[Formula: see text]h, and excellent stability was obtained, as indicated by a relatively stable transmittance. Last, the antimicrobial activity of the Fe3O4/OA/DMSO ferrofluids was assessed through the diffusion method; the results showed that increasing DMSO volume resulted in greater ferrofluid antimicrobial activity.

Plasmon energy and chemical composition of amorphous SiX C1-X:H

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
R. L. Sabatini ◽  
J. Taftϕ ◽  
F. J. Kampas ◽  
G. Rajeswaran
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Plasmon Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Valence Electron Density ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Using a TEM equipped with an electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS) the plasmon energy, Ep of a material can easily be determined for specimens of thickness up to a few thousand Å. This coincides with the film thicknesses encountered in thin film technology, e.g., amorphous solar cells. Ep is to the first approximation proportional to the square root of the valence electron density, and is thus sensitive to the chemical composition and the density of a material. Ep measurements using EELS have therefore the potential of being a convenient way of characterizing a material, as has been demonstrated for hydrogenated metals, and this could be particularly useful for amorphous materials where characterization techniques such as x-ray and electron diffraction are of limited value.

Advanced Micro-chemical Investigation of Golden Threads from Romanian Byzantine Embroideries by Micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1956-1959
Author(s):  
Zizi Ileana Balta ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu ◽  
Irina Petroviciu ◽  
Mihai Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Elemental Maps

In the present study, golden threads from two, apparently identical, medieval epitrachelions considered masterpieces of the Romanian Byzantine embroidery art, were investigated by using Micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (micro-PIXE) and optical microscopy. PIXE measurements allowed to accurate identify the elemental composition, distribution of the trace elements, the layered structures (depth profiling) and thicknesses of the gold layer. Useful information for the characterization of the gilded silver threads due to elemental maps concerning the constituent elements spatial distribution in the sample was also obtained.

Synthesis, Photoluminescence and Surface Analysis of Bis(salicylicaldehyde-trimethylol amino methane)Zn(II)

2011 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Xi Shi Tai
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron State ◽  
Molar Conductivity ◽  
Photoluminescence Spectra ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Complex Material ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Surface Electron State

A new zinc (II) complex material [bis(salicylicaldehyde-trimethylol amino methane)Zn(II)] has been prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis, IR spectra, molar conductivity and photoluminescence spectra. The results show that the O and N atoms interact with Zn atoms through coordination bonds. As a potential organic light-emitting material ( OLEDs), the surface electron state of zinc (II) complex material has been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technology.

scholarly journals Synthesis and magnetic property of a Tsai-type 2/1 approximant

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C92-C92
Author(s):  
Yuta Kinoshita ◽  
Takanobu Hiroto ◽  
Ryuji Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Exothermic Peak ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Arc Melting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Dta Curve ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Various Tsai-type quasicrystals and approximants have been synthesized by replacing the constituent elements of the Cd-RE systems, based on the condition, (e/a)~2.0,. However, systems containing transition metals (TMs) have been rarely reported and, therefore, in this work we aimed to synthesize TM-bearing Tsai-type quasicrystals and approximants. Starting from the composition of the Ga-Pd-Gd 1/1 approximant [1], a search of TM-bearing approximants was performed by replacing Pd (1.376 Å) by Pt (1.378 Å). In this research, alloys of various compositions around the reported composition of 1/1 Ga-Pd-Gd were prepared by arc melting and they were then annealed at various conditions. The phase constitution was studied by X-ray diffraction and the thermal stability of the phases was examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) for samples before and after annealing. As a result, we have observed formation of both 1/1 and 2/1 approximants with a=14.37 Å and 23.23 Å, respectively. The DTA curve exhibits no exothermic peak in the heating run up to the melting point (Tm=1180 K) for the 2/1 approximant, which suggests that the obtained 2/1 approximant is thermally stable up to Tm. The magnetic properties of the 1/1 and 2/1 approximants will be reported in the presentation.

Application of XRF and AMS Techniques to Textiles in the Mongol Empire

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Katayama ◽  
Ari Ide-Ektessabi ◽  
Kazuki Funahashi ◽  
Ryoichi Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Sr Xrf ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Mongol Empire ◽  
Constituent Elements

AbstractX-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) techniques were applied to four pieces of ancient Mongolian textiles in order to assist cultural studies of the most significant era of medieval western Asian culture. Radiocarbon dating using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) was performed in order to determine the historical age of these pieces. Then, X-ray fluorescence analysis using Synchrotron Radiation (SR-XRF) was carried out in order to obtain elemental maps as well as investigate their constituent elements. Results showed that the textiles were produced between13th and 14th century, and possessed elements such as Au, Cu, Fe and Ti were traced in these pieces whereas Au was used to make gold threads. Cu, Fe and Ti are well known as metallic mordant. In addition, high resolution images were obtained using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to observe the textile structure and their weaving conditions. The whole collected data can assist in bringing into light and facilitate a deeper understanding of the medieval Mongolian cultures, the textile technology, staining techniques, material process technology of the Mongolian Empire and their relations with the neighboring east and central Asian cultures, such as Persia, India and China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document