An examination of the effects of level of energy intake and source of nutrients during late gestation on subsequent milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 36-36
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
D A Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

The transition period of the dairy cow is physiologically and nutritionally stressful, particularly as feed intake is reduced and nutrient demands for foetal growth and initiation of milk synthesis are increased. It has been suggested that feeding concentrates in late gestation promotes the development of ruminal papillae, which takes 4 to 6 weeks to fully develop, consequently resulting in improved absorption of volatile fatty acids and increased food intake during early lactation. A recent study undertaken at this Institute (Keady et al. 1999) concluded that relative to silage offered ad libitum as the sole diet supplementation with 5 kg of concentrate during the last 28 days of gestation increased milk fat by 1.5 g/kg and improved milk yield by 0.6 kg/day during the first 12 weeks of the subsequent lactation. The response to dry cow supplementation reported by Keady et al. (1999) could have been mediated either by increased nutrient intake or by changes in the forage to concentrate ratio of the diet during the dry period. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of level of energy intake and source of nutrients in late gestation on subsequent milk yield and composition.

An examination of the effect of level of concentrate supplementation during late gestation on subsequent milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 21-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W.J. Keady ◽  
C.S. Mayne ◽  
D A Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Foetal Growth ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle

The transition period (last four weeks of pregnancy and the first four weeks of lactation) is the most traumatic period in the annual cycle of the dairy cow. It is physiologically and nutritionally stressful, particularly as food intake is reduced, especially in the last few days prior to calving, whilst nutrient demands for foetal growth and initiation of milk synthesis are increased. As the genetic merit of the national herd has increased considerably in the last ten years, improved nutritional management of cows during the transition period may be more important in reducing or preventing the cumulative loss of body condition, particularly in early lactation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of level of concentrate intake in late gestation on subsequent milk yield and composition.

scholarly journals Feeding effect of total mixed ration on milk yield, nutrient intake, digestibility and rumen environment in Red Chittagong Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Nathu Ram Sarker ◽  
Dilruba Yeasmin ◽  
Md Ahsan Habib ◽  
Farah Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
T1 And T2

Efficient utilization of crop residues is an alternative way to overcome feed shortage for livestock feeding. Hence, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect on nutrient intake, milk yield, nutrient digestibility and rumen parameters of total mixed ration (TMR) as mash or block form in comparison to conventional feeding system for a period of 45 days. Accoding to CRD 18 RCC early milking cows (Bos indicus) having average daily milk yield of 3.20±0.14 L/d and divided into three treatment groups. Existing feeding practice at the farm was considered as control group (T0) fed Napier-3 adlib. and concentrate mixture. In another two groups, animals fed TMR, where one fed as block (T1) and another as mash form (T2) with the same roughage and concentrate combination (50:50). All diets contained 16% CP. To determine digestibility of supplied feed, a digestibility trial at the middle of the feeding trial was conducted and also to study the rumen environment (pH, TVFA, NH3-N), rumen liquors were collected at post feeding intervals of 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36h. Study revealed that fresh feed intakes were significantly (p<0.001) higher in T0. DMI and CPI were significantly (p<0.001) higher in T1 group. Significantly (p<0.05) highest milk yields were obtained in T1 (3.6 l/d) and T2 (3.49 l/d) and lowest in T0 (3.35l/d). Milk fat (p<0.001) and SNF (p<0.05) were significantly higher T1 and T2. Except ADF, digestibility for most of the nutrient was significantly higher in T1 and T2 than T0. Total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) were significantly (p<0.01) higher in T1 and T2 groups than that of T0 group. Finally, it may be concluded that TMR, either in block or mash form gives better results in terms of milk yield, milk composition, digestibility and concentration of TVFA and NH3-N. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 71-77

Increasing Energy Ration of Bali Cattle to Improve Digestible Nutrient, Milk Yield and Milk Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Suryani ◽  
I Wayan Suarna ◽  
Ni Putu Sarini ◽  
I Gede Mahardika
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
Bali Cattle

To determine the effect of energy levels on digestible nutrient, milk production and milk quality of 7 months pregnant Bali cattle, was the purpose of this study. The study was conducted in Bali, Province of Indonesia on 12 pregnant breeding phase of pre-calving (2 months before the birth) with the parent body weight 329-340 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of Metabolizable Energy (ME) levels: 2000, 2100, 2200 and 2300/kg respectively as treatment A, B, C, and D. All ration contain 10% of crude protein. Variables measured: energy intake, digestible nutrient, milk yield, and milk quality. This research is a randomized block design. The results showed that increase energy ration until 2300 kcal ME/kg would significantly (P<0.05) increase energy intake and highest at cattle consumed ratio D is 22239.55 kcal/day. However, digestible nutrient was not affected. Milk production increased with increasing energy rations and highest (P<0.05) at cattle received treatment D is 2179.83 ml/day compared to treatment A 936.67 ml/day. Milk fat and milk lactose also highest (P<0.05) in treatment D are 8.56% and 4.76% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increase energy ration will increase energy intake, milk yield and milk fat and milk lactose of Bali cattle. 

Effects of protected vegetable fats on rumen metabolism and productivity dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
A. V. Golovin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Economic Experiment ◽  
Feed Costs

In a scientific economic experiment conducted in the experimental farm «Klenovo-Chegodaevo» (Moscow) on three groups of Holsteinized black-and-white cows with a milk yield of 7000 kg of milk per lactation, 10 heads in each, it was found that the inclusion in the diet of cows of the experimental groups tested protected fats (hydrogenated and fractionated) in the amount of 300 g per head per day, contributed to the tendency for more intensive metabolic processes in the rumen due to a slight increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids by 5,6–7,4% and an increase in the mass of microorganisms in the contents of the rumen by 5,4–14,4% (P≥0,05). At the same time, an increase in the concentration of metabolic energy in the dry matter of the cows ration from 10,7 to 11,0 MJ / kg in the period from 21 to 120 days of lactation, due to the inclusion of protected fats in the diet of cows from the experimental groups, contributed to an increase in milk yield 4% fat content for 100 days of the experiment by 9,7% and 11,0% (P≤0,05), compared with the control, as well as the production of milk fat and protein, respectively by 9,6–11,0% (P≤0,05 in the second case) and 7,4–8,3%, feed costs expressed in ME decreased by 4,9–5,2%.

scholarly journals Reppoductive ability of ukrainian black and white dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Kuziv ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Lactation Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Period Duration

The major components of economically useful traits in cattle dairy productivity, which conducted the selection is milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ukrainian black and white dairy breed in the western region of Ukraine is characterized by good reproductive ability. Depending on the husbandry and lactation duration, service period lasted within 87.4 – 121.5 day, intercalving period – within 364 – 402.6 day, dry period within – 47.3 – 72.9 day, the fertility index was 46.3 – 48.0, coefficient of reproductive ability – within 0.92–0.99,  output of calves per 100 cows – within 91.8 – 98.8. The duration of pregnancy in cows of different  farms and lactations were in range 277 – 283.5 day and meet the requirements of the physiological norm. It has been shown that the milk yield of cows depends on the parameters of reproductive capacity. The correlation between duration of service–period and intercalving period, and milk yield, milk fat in most cases was positive. Correlation dry period duration and parameters of milk yield changed from negative to positive. Depending on the husbandry, lactation and index the impact share of service–period duration on milk yield was 7.0 – 29.7, for intercalving period – 8.8 – 31.8, for dry period – 9.2 – 23.8% respectively.

Milk yield and composition of milk and blood as indicators of energy intake by Jersey cows

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Stobbs ◽  
DJ Brett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Jersey Cows

Jersey cows were used in a change-over design to examine the effect of three levels of energy intake (lucerne hay at 100, 75 and 50% ad lib.) on milk yield, milk composition, fatty acid composition of milk fat, and blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and total ketones) to determine which measurement was the most accurate indicator of intake of energy. Milk yields averaged 9.9, 8.7 and 7.2 kg/cow/day with relative intakes of 100, 75 and 50% of ad lib. When energy was restricted the proportion of C4–C16 fatty acids in milk fat decreased (72, 69 and 59%), while the proportion of oleic acid increased (15, 18 and 26%). These changes occurred within approximately 6 days on new energy levels. Fore milk and strippings had similar fatty acid proportions. Restriction of energy reduced the solids not fat, protein and casein contents of milk, and increased its butter fat percentage. Non-esterifred fatty acid levels in blood plasma increased with restriction of feed (348, 528 and 579 µ-equiv./l). Glucose and ketone bodies of blood averaged 58 mg/100 ml and 9.1 mg/100 mi respectively, and did not vary between treatments. It is concluded that milk production is the most sensitive indicator of the intake of digestible energy where change-over designs are used. However, when individual animal variation is not removed in the analysis, the intake of energy is most closely correlated with the fatty acid composition of milk fat (r = 0.73 and –0.74 for C4–C16 acids and oleic acid respectively). Significant correlations with the protein to fat and casein to fat ratios of milk were also measured (r = 0.64 and 0.63 respectively). There was a poor relationship between energy intake and blood composition (r = –0.25 for non-esterified fatty acid content).

Late gestation protein supplementation influences milk, fat and protein yields of primiparous Holstein dairy cows in the first half of their first lactation

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
J. M. Moorby ◽  
P. H. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
The Impact

Considerable effort has recently been directed towards better defining protein requirements of dairy cows approaching parturition. Little effort has been directed towards cows entering first lactation, although Van Saun et al., (1993) suggested modest increases in milk protein production to a supplement of high undegradable dietary protein (UDP) in the late dry period. The objective of this study was to define the impact of supplementation of a high UDP protein supplement in the late gestation of cows entering first lactation on production of milk and its components.

scholarly journals Feeding sows during the transition period—is a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet the best choice?1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Trine Friis Pedersen ◽  
Sophie van Vliet ◽  
Thomas Sønderby Bruun ◽  
Peter Kappel Theil
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Mobilization ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Three experiments were carried out to study whether a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet is the best choice in late gestation and when sows preferably should be transferred to a high crude protein (CP) lactation diet. In experiment 1, 35 sows were fed either a gestation diet (12.1% CP), a lactation diet (15.9% CP), or a 50/50 mix (simple transition diet; 14.0% CP) from 6 d before parturition until parturition, to study the impact on farrowing and colostrum performance. In experiment 2, 90 sows were studied from 6 d before parturition until weaning at day 24 and they were fed one of five strategies: a gestation diet until day 3 or day 10 of lactation (strategy 1 and 2) and then lactation diet; a simple transition diet until day 3 or day 10 (strategy 3 and 4) and then lactation diet; or a lactation diet throughout the study (strategy 5). In experiment 3, 124 sows were fed strategy 1 or 5. Sows were weighed and back fat (BF) scanned when entering the farrowing unit and at day 2, 10, 17, and 24. Piglets were weighed at birth and after 24 h, and colostrum production was studied (experiment 1). Litter weight at day 2, 10, 17, and 24 was recorded, milk and blood samples were collected weekly and sow fat and protein mobilization, and balances of energy, N, and Lys were calculated from day 3 to 10 of lactation (experiment 2). Total- and live born piglets, and frequencies of stillbirth and piglet diarrhea were recorded (experiment 3). Feeding sows a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet showed no evidence of effects on colostrum production or farrowing process (experiments 1 and 3) or lactation performance (experiments 2 and 3). Compared to previous studies, sows had a poor milk yield. Plasma urea was elevated (P &lt; 0.001) indicating CP oversupply prior to parturition in sows fed the lactation diet as compared with the two other diets. According to calculated balances, all dietary strategies supplied insufficient amounts of N and Lys from day 3 to 10, indicating that the best choice is to feed sows with a high CP lactation diet from parturition and onwards. Primiparous sows had a higher plasma insulin concentration (P &lt; 0.01), lower colostrum yield (P &lt; 0.01), and higher frequency of piglet diarrhea (P &lt; 0.001) than multiparous sows. In conclusion, in our conditions (high CP in gestation diet; poor milk yield; restricted feeding in early lactation), sow performance was not compromised by the dietary strategies, but results indicate that primiparous and multiparous sows should be fed differently.

Effect of Rumen Protected Methionine and Choline on Blood Biochemical Metabolites, Milk Yield and its Composition during Transition Period in Surti Buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Rathwa ◽  
S.S. Chaudhary ◽  
V.K. Singh ◽  
S.B. Patel ◽  
T.D. Manat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Liver Health

Background: Methionine and choline supplementation can aid in nutritionally managing transition Surti buffaloes. Present study has evaluated blood biochemical metabolites, milk yield and its changes in composition on supplementation of rumen protected methionine (RPM) and choline (RPC) in transition Surti buffaloes. Methods: Twenty-seven pregnant multiparous Surti buffaloes in three groups (n=9) from -15 d to 30 d postpartum received supplementation as: T1 (Control: basal diet), T2 (basal diet + RPM@10 gm/animal/day) and T3 (basal diet + RPM@10 gm/animal/day + RPC@ 50 gm/animal/day). Sample was collected at beginning, 1st, 3rd and 6th week for blood and at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th week postpartum for milk. Milk yield was recorded upto 100 days postpartum. Result: Postpartum TC, HDL and VLDL differed significantly (P less than 0.05) being highest in T3 and lowest in control (T1) whereas it was reverse for NEFA and BHBA. Supplemented groups had significantly lower TG levels at 1st and 3rd week postpartum. Milk fat upto 9th and SNF, protein, lactose, TAS, Ca, P and Mg upto 6th week were significantly (P less than 0.05) highest in T3, followed by T2 and T1. It was concluded that RPC along with RPM supplementation is more beneficial than only RPM supplementation in terms of enhancing liver health, reducing negative energy balance and improving milk quality.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of ensilage made from intercropped corn and sunflowers

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Fisher ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
P. Mir ◽  
J. A. Shelford
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

The feeding value of sunflower–corn silage relative to that of corn silage as the only forage fed lactating cows was established using 12 lactating Holstein cows in an experiment with a 2 × 2 Latin square design. Treatment periods were 5 wk and there was no changeover period between treatments. A constant grain intake to milk yield ratio of 1:4 was maintained. The comparison was based on dry matter (DM) intake, milk yield and composition, body-weight change, rumen pH and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids and plasma metabolites. The sunflower–corn silage was lower in DM content (25.4 vs. 29.2%), but higher in protein (11.5 vs. 8.0%), acid detergent fiber (33.2 vs. 29.2%), fat (8.1 vs. 2.1%) and total ash (10.6 vs. 4.9%). Silage DM intake was the same for both silages, but milk yield was significantly greater (P < 0.05) (32.7 vs. 31.2 kg d−1) for cows fed sunflower–corn silage. However, both milk fat (3.19 vs. 3.87%) and milk protein (3.04 vs. 3.26%) were lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed sunflower–corn silage, resulting in a higher (P < 0.05) fat-corrected milk yield (30.5 vs. 28.4 kg d−1) for the cows fed corn silage. Type of silage fed did not alter rumen pH, but the molar percentage of acetic acid was higher (P < 0.05) and the molar percentages of isovaleric and valeric acids were lower when sunflower–corn silage was fed. The feeding of sunflower–corn silage resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in plasma urea nitrogen (10.60 vs. 7.53 mg 100−1), cholesterol (7.36 vs. 5.63 mmol L−1) and triglyceride (0.20 vs. 0.18 mmol L−1). Plasma levels of methionine (29.9 vs. 18.5 mmol mL−1) and valine (208.0 vs. 191.0 N mol mL−1) were greater for cows fed the sunflower–corn silage. It was concluded from this study that intercropped sunflower–corn harvested and preserved as silage is an acceptable source of forage for lactating cows, but when fed as the only source of forage it may have a negative impact on milk composition. Key words: lactating cows, sunflower–corn silage, milk yield, milk composition

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