The effects of exogenous progesterone supplementation in late pregnancy on gestation length and colostrum yield in ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
T.F. Crosby ◽  
P.J. Quinn ◽  
A. P. O'Donnell ◽  
P. Nowakowski ◽  
J.V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Term Labour ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

The importance of falling progesterone (P4) concentrations in the initiation of parturition and the onset of lactogenesis in many species has long been recognised (Thorburn, et al., 1972). O'Doherty and Crosby (1996) reported a negative linear relationship between P4 concentration at 1 hour post lambing and colostrum yield at 1 h and total yield at 18 h. The administration of progesterone failed to delay parturition when given at a daily dose of 80 mg for a week but larger doses of progesterone (160 mg/day) blocked term labour in most sheep (Bengtsson and Schofield, 1963). The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of exogenous progesterone administration to ewes in late pregnancy on ewe serum progesterone concentrations, gestation length and colostrum yield and quality.

Embryo transfer in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) using non-ovulated and ovulated, asynchronous progesterone-treated recipients

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Skidmore ◽  
M. Billah
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
To Receive

The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of exogenous progesterone and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in non-ovulated and ovulated, asynchronous dromedary camel recipients being prepared for an embryo transfer programme. The uteri of 12 mated donor camels were flushed non-surgically 7 days after ovulation and 42 embryos were recovered. In Experiment 1, 16 embryos were transferred non-surgically to recipients on Day 3 or 4 after ovulation (ov+3 and ov+4, respectively). Each recipient received a daily dose of 75 mg, i.m., progesterone-in-oil from 2 days before embryo transfer until 6 days after ovulation. Thereafter, the progesterone dose was reduced to 50 mg on Day 7 and finally to 25 mg day–1 on Days 8 and 9. Nine of 16 recipients (56%; ov+3, n = 4; ov+4, n = 5) became pregnant compared with none of eight non-progesterone treated controls, into which embryos were transferred on Day 4 after ovulation. In Experiment 2, 18 non-ovulated recipients received 75 mg, i.m., progesterone-in-oil daily from 3 days before until 12 days after non-surgical transfer of a Day 7 blastocyst, at which time pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. All pregnant recipients continued to receive 75 mg progesterone-in-oil daily for a further 6 days, when each camel received 2000 IU, i.m., eCG. Progesterone treatment was then reduced to 50 mg day–1 and, when a follicle(s) ≥1.3 cm in diameter were present in the ovaries, each animal received 20 μg buserelin to induce ovulation. Once the corpora lutea had developed, progesterone treatment was reduced to 25 mg day–1 for a final 3 days. Fourteen of 18 recipients (78%) became pregnant and seven of these (50%) remained pregnant after eCG treatment. Of the seven pregnancies that were lost, two were lost before eCG treatment, two did not respond to eCG treatment and three responded to eCG treatment and ovulated, but lost their pregnancies 6–8 days after the last progesterone injection.

Sweetpotato Tolerance to Halosulfuron Applied Postemergence

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. MacRae ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Roger B. Batts ◽  
Allan C. Thorton ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Total Crop

Studies were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to determine the effect of application timing and halosulfuron rate on sweetpotato yield and quality. Halosulfuron was applied 1, 2, and 4 wks after transplanting (WAP) sweetpotato in 2003, and 2, 3, and 4 WAP in 2004. Treatments within each timing included halosulfuron at 13, 26, 39, 52, and 65 g ai/ha plus a weed-free control. Combined over year, site, cultivar and rate, halosulfuron applied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 WAP stunted sweetpotato 32, 15, 11, and 14%, respectively, rated 2 wks after treatment. The stunting observed with the 1 and 2 WAP timings caused a 17 and 10% reduction in yield of No. 1 roots, respectively, compared with the weed-free control. The 3 and 4 WAP timings of halosulfuron did not reduce yield of No. 1 roots. Total yield was reduced approximately 11% at the 1, 2, and 3 WAP application timings. Halosulfuron at 4 WAP did not reduce total yield. Combined over year, site, and cultivar, halosulfuron applied at 39 g/ha did not reduce the weight of No. 1 roots or total crop yield and thus could be an effective POST option for weed control in sweetpotato.

scholarly journals Effect of different staking methods and stem pruning on yield and quality of summer tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-432
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
N Islam ◽  
S Ahmad ◽  
MI Hossen ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Agriculture Research Institute

The study was carried out during summer of 2012 with BARI hybrid tomato 4, planted in the Olericulture farm of Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh to find out the response of plants to some staking and pruning treatments on yield, fruit quality and cost of production. A two factor experiment consisting of three staking methods and four level of pruning, laid out in complete block design with three repetitions. Plants were staked on inverted „V? shaped staking, high platform and string. The plants were pruned to two stem, three stem, four stem and no pruning as control. Results showed that significantly the highest total number of fruits per plant (37.1), marketable fruits per plant (33.7), yield per plant (1.68 kg) and total yield (44.6 t/ha) were produced by the plants having the treatment string staking with four stem. The highest fruit set (43.50%) was found in the plants staking with string having three stems. Plants grown on string staking allowing two stem gave the maximum length (4.71 cm), diameter (4.83 cm) and weight (53.4g) of single fruit as well as maximum fruit firmness (3.43 kg-f cm-2). From the economic point of view, it was apparent that summer tomato produced by string staking with four stem pruning exhibited better performance compared to other treatment combinations in relation to net return and BCR (2.10).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 419-432, September 2016

The effect of nutrition in mid pregnancy and ewe liveweight change on birth weight and management for lamb survival in highly fecund ewes

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Fogarty ◽  
DG Hall ◽  
PJ Holst
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Fleece Weight

The effect of moderate undernutrition in mid pregnancy on lamb birth weight and survival of single- and multiple-bearing ewes is reported. A total of 1220 ewes of 3 crossbred types with different fecundity, Booroola Merino x Dorset (BD), Trangie Fertility Merino x Dorset (TD) and Border Leicester x Merino (BLM), were examined over 2 years. The treatments were low (L) and high (H) nutrition at pasture for 4 weeks from about day 75 of pregnancy. Ewe liveweight of the L group at the end of the treatments was 5 kg lower in 1984 and 8 kg lower in 1985 (P<0.01) than the H group. The differences were smaller by late pregnancy and post-lambing. The L treatment increased (P<0.01) birth weight by 0.16 kg in 1984 but had little effect in 1985. Litter size had the greatest effect on birth weight (P<0.01). Ewe crossbred type and lamb sex effects were also significant (P<0.01), although they tended to be reduced for higher order births. Nutritional treatment had no effect on gestation length. Ewe liveweight at joining and weight gains before and after the treatment period significantly affected birth weight and accounted for the large difference in birth weight between years (0.7 kg). Ewe weight gain during the treatment period in mid pregnancy had no significant effect on lamb birth weight. Nutritional treatment in mid pregnancy had no effect on lamb survival. Litter size significantly affected lamb survival, although inclusion of birth weight in the model reduced the effect. Weather conditions, as measured by chill index, significantly (P<0.01) affected lamb survival in 1984 but accounted for less variation in 1985 (P<0.05). Lamb survival for ewes was ranked BLM > TD > BD. Maximum survival was achieved at birth weights of 4-5 kg from BD and TD ewes and 5-6 kg from BLM ewes. The L treatment reduced (P<0.01) ewe greasy fleece weight by 0.15 kg but did not affect staple strength. Plasma glucose concentration at the end of treatment was lower (P<0.01) for L ewes, but there was no difference between L and H ewes in late pregnancy. Glucose declined with increasing fetal number. Plasma B-hydroxybutyrate concentration was lower for the H group than for L, and also for BLM than TD and BD ewes (P<0.01).

Effect of density on growth, development, yield and quality of kabocha (Cucurbita maxima)

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
T. Botwright ◽  
N. Mendham ◽  
B. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Growth Development

Summary. The effect of plant density on growth, development, yield and quality of kabocha (buttercup squash) (Cucurbita maxima) was examined during 1992–93, at a field site in Cambridge, Tasmania. Plant densities ranged between 0.5 and 4.7 plants/m2. Marketable and total yields were fitted to a yield–density model. Total yield followed an asymptotic trend, approaching 33 t/ha at 4.7 plants/m2, while marketable yield had a parabolic relationship with density. Marketable yield increased to a maximum of 18 t/ha at 1.1 plants/m2, while declining at higher densities because of increased numbers of undersized fruit. Yield of vine marked and callused fruit did not vary with density, but represented a significant proportion of the total yield at all densities. High plant density reduced vegetative growth per plant due to competition for limited resources; as shown by decreased leaf area, number and length of vines, and plant dry weight. Yield tended to decline at high densities because of fewer female flowers and increased fruit abortion per plant. Plants at low densities had more vegetative growth but decreased yields, as increased abortion of fruit relative to the higher plant densities left only 1–2 large fruit per plant. Economic returns varied with plant density. At high densities, variable costs increased (particularly due to high seed cost) while gross income declined reflecting the relationship between marketable yield and plant density. The gross margin therefore declined at high densities.

scholarly journals LUTEOLYTIC ACTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN SWINE AND THE EFFECTS OF CLOPROSTENOL ON LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTORS AND MEMBRANE STRUCTURE OF PORCINE CORPORA LUTEA

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. BUHR ◽  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
D. L. GRINWICH
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Membrane Ultrastructure

The luteolytic action of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), 15-keto-PGF2α, 15-methyl-PGF2α, and cloprostenol was evaluated in cycling gilts and sows after intramuscular injection on day 13 of the estrous cycle. Only cloprostenol significantly shortened the mean cycle length (18.5 vs. 20.3 d, P < 0.05). Cloprostenol also caused a more rapid decline in serum progesterone concentrations than did the other prostaglandins. Serum concentrations of the prostaglandin metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α (PGFM), showed rapid transitory peaks after PGF2α or 15-keto-PGF2α and a lower, later rise after cloprostenol. A second experiment examined luteal luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors and luteal membrane ultrastructure during the estrous cycle and pregnancy and the effect of cloprostenol on these parameters during the estrous cycle. The number of unoccupied luteal LH receptors, as measured by specific 125I-hCG binding, dropped significantly from mid to late pregnancy and from mid to late cycle. Cloprostenol lowered serum progesterone concentrations but did not affect hCG binding. X-ray diffraction showed no correlation of gel or liquid-crystalline phase lipids in luteal microsomes with the stage of the estrous cycle or pregnancy or cloprostenol treatment. Key words: Swine, luteolysis, estrous cycle, prostaglandins, luteal LH receptors

Variation in the responses of shorn sheep to cold exposure

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Slee
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Thirteen Blackface and Merino × Cheviot female sheep were shorn and each exposed for a maximum of 10 hours to intense cold (—18° C, 4 m.p.h. wind). Individual exposures were terminated earlier if rectal temperatures fell by 4·5° C. In the first year of the experiment (1963) 11 out of 13 of the sheep were in late pregnancy. There were also 12 control sheep, 9 of them pregnant, which were not subjected to cold treatment. In 1964, 12 of the previously treated sheep were subjected again to similar cold exposures. This time they were unmated and there were no controls.The cold treatment apparently caused increased variation in gestation length, but the effects on neo-natal lamb mortality were inconclusive.In 1963 and 1964 there was wide variation between individual sheep in cold tolerance—defined as the ability to maintain rectal temperature during cold exposure. Repeatability for this character was approximately 0·73, suggesting the existence of a genetic component. The average decline in rectal temperature was similar in both years: 3·9·2° C. in 1964. Pregnancy and breed had no detectable effects on cold tolerance.Skin temperatures on the midside, ear and hind foot (pastern) were measured in 1964. They all declined during cold exposure. Midside skin temperatures typically fell to about 10° C., ear temperatures to about 3° C. and foot temperatures to zero. There were temperature fluctuations due to periodic vasodilation on the ears but the feet generally showed sustained vasoconstriction.Superior cold tolerance tended to be associated with low mean body skin temperatures and a previous history of live-weight gain. It is suggested that subcutaneous fat deposition may be one factor responsible for improving skin insulation and thereby reducing heat loss in shorn sheep, but direct evidence for this was lacking.

Effect of combined exogenous progesterone with luteotrophic support via equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on corpus luteum development, circulating progesterone concentrations and embryo development in cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O'Hara ◽  
N. Forde ◽  
P. Duffy ◽  
F. Randi ◽  
A. K. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Intravaginal Device

The aim was to examine the effect of a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on Day 3 after oestrus on corpus luteum (CL) development, circulating progesterone and conceptus development in cross-bred beef heifers. In Experiment 1, heifers received: (1) saline, or a single i.m. injection of eCG on Day 3 at (2) 250 IU (3) 500 IU (4) 750 IU or (5) 1000 IU. Administration of eCG resulted in increased luteal tissue area and progesterone and oestradiol concentrations compared with controls. In Experiment 2, heifers received (1) a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID Delta) from Day 3 to 5 or (2) a PRID Delta from Day 3 to 5 plus a single injection of 750 IU eCG on Day 3. In vitro-produced blastocysts (n = 10 per recipient) were transferred on Day 7 and heifers were slaughtered on Day 14 to assess conceptus development. Administration of eCG reduced the number of short cycles (6.3% vs 31.3%) and increased mean luteal tissue weight (P = 0.02). Insertion of a PRID Delta on Day 3 resulted in an elevation (P < 0.05) in serum progesterone until removal on Day 5. Administration of eCG at the time of PRID Delta insertion resulted in higher progesterone levels (P < 0.05) from Day 10 onwards. Conceptus dimensions were not affected. In conclusion, a single injection of eCG on Day 3 increased CL size and progesterone concentrations and, when given in conjunction with a progesterone-releasing device, appeared to reduce the number of short cycles, presumably due to its luteotrophic nature. The implications of the elevated oestradiol concentrations for embryo quality require further study.

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