scholarly journals Tiny Volcanoes Are a Big Deal on Mars

Eos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Klemetti
Keyword(s):  
Cinder Cones

Cinder cones and fissure vents provide clues about the evolution of the Red Planet’s mantle and crust.

GEOMORPHOMETRICAL DATING ANALYSES OF CINDER CONES WITH SATELLITE AND DRONE IMAGES

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Villalobos-Aragon ◽  
◽  
Vanessa Veronica Espejel-Garcia ◽  
Aracely Lopez-Terrazas ◽  
Fabricio Madrigal-Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cinder Cones

scholarly journals Evidence of active magmatic rifting at the Ma’Alalta volcanic field (Afar, Ethiopia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmaria Tortelli ◽  
Anna Gioncada ◽  
Carolina Pagli ◽  
Mauro Rosi ◽  
Laura De Dosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Magmatic Activity ◽  
Magma Storage ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Mafic Lava ◽  
Cinder Cones ◽  
Mafic Rocks ◽  
Seismic Networks

AbstractDuring continental rifting, strain and magmatism are believed to localize to narrow magmatic segments, while the rift margin is progressively abandoned. We integrate volcanological, geochemical, petrological and seismic data from the Ma’Alalta volcanic field (MVF) near the western margin of Afar, to show that the MVF is an active magmatic segment. Magmatism in MVF initiated with lava flows and large-volume, caldera-forming ignimbrites from a central edifice. However, the most recent magmatic activity shifted towards mafic lava fields, cinder cones and obsidian-rich silicic domes erupted from vents aligned NNW-SSE, defining a ~ 35-km-long magmatic segment. Along the same area, a NNW-SSE alignment of earthquakes was recorded by two local seismic networks (2005–2009 and 2011–2013). The geochemistry of the mafic rocks is similar to those of nearby axial volcanoes. Inferred magma storage depth from mineral geobarometry shows that a shallow, silicic chamber existed at ~ 5-km depth below the stratovolcano, while a stacked plumbing system with at least three magma storage levels between 9 and 24 km depth fed the recent basalts. We interpret the wide set of observations from the MVF as evidence that the area is an active magmatic segment, showing that localised axial extension can be heavily offset towards the rift margin.

scholarly journals The Pleistocene cinder cones surrounding Volcán Colima, Mexico re-visited: eruption ages and volumes, oxidation states, and sulfur content

2006 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. E. Carmichael ◽  
Holli M. Frey ◽  
Rebecca A. Lange ◽  
Chris M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Cinder Cones

scholarly journals Morphometric measurements of cinder cones from digital elevation models of Tolbachik volcanic field, central Kamchatka

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gilichinsky ◽  
Dmitry Melnikov ◽  
Ivan Melekestsev ◽  
Natasha Zaretskaya ◽  
Moshe Inbar
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Cinder Cones ◽  
Digital Elevation

Igneous history of the Andean Cordillera and Patagonian plateau around latitude 46°S

1981 ◽  
Vol 303 (1474) ◽  
pp. 105-149 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Alkali Basalts ◽  
Cinder Cones ◽  
Andean Cordillera ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Igneous Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pacific Margin ◽  
Rhyolite Volcanism ◽  
Back Arc

From the Middle Jurassic onwards persistent igneous activity in the southern Andes around 46 °S was controlled by easterly dipping subduction along the Pacific margin. Cogenetic plutonic rocks belonging to the Patagonian batholith, and calc-alkaline volcanics ranging from basaltic andesites to rhyolitic tuffs and ignimbrites are the principal products. Erosion of the primary volcanics has led at various times to the development of thick volcaniclastic sequences, for example in the Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary Divisadero formation. The Coyhaique region marks the northerly extension of a narrow back-arc basin in which the marine Neocomian successions accumulated. Volcaniclastics from the island arc, which presumably lay to the west, are intercalated with the sediments. Although the marine basin was short-lived a mildly extensional back-arc regime may have existed through much of Mesozoic-Recent times. Widespread basalt-rhyolite volcanism on the eastern side of the cordillera seems to have been associated with this tectonic environment. Remnants of the Patagonian basalt plateau at latitude 45-47 °S extend from the Argentine-Chile frontier to Lago Colhue Huapi. Four principal age and compositional groups have been distinguished in the lavas, (i) The oldest, which are about 80 Ma, occur in sections at Senguerr and Morro Negro. They are almost exclusively tholeiitic, but show some calc-alkaline affinities and resemble in other respects basalts from marginal basins, (ii) The second group (57-43 Ma) occur in the lower part of the Chile Chico section with a compositional spread from olivine tholeiites through alkali basalts to one occurrence of a basanite. (iii) The upper part of the main plateau sequence, where the flows are in the range 25-9 Ma, are dominantly of alkali basalt composition, (iv) Post-plateau flows from small cinder cones on the surface of the plateau range in age from ca. 4 Ma to 0.2 Ma or less. They are mostly highly undersaturated basanites, with occasional leucite basanites, enriched in incompatible elements. A few of the earlier tholeiites with calc-alkali traits may have been closely associated with subduction or marginal basin processes. The younger lavas are more alkalic intraplate types generated in the remote back-arc extensional zone.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence for decompression melting of metasomatized mantle beneath Colima Graben, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Becerra-Torres ◽  
Elena Melekhova ◽  
Jon D. Blundy ◽  
Richard A. Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Mantle Wedge ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Liquidus Surface ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Phase Assemblage ◽  
Cinder Cones ◽  
Piston Cylinder ◽  
High K ◽  
Metasomatized Mantle

Abstract Primitive subduction zone magmas provide information about the composition and thermal structure of the underlying mantle wedge. In the Colima Graben, Mexico, primitive lavas erupted from cinder cones range from high magnesium calc-alkaline basalts to high-K trachybasalts. This chemical diversity suggests that the sub-arc mantle wedge from which they derive is heterogeneous. To explore the conditions of magma generation in the wedge beneath Colima we used an inverse experimental approach to constrain multiple saturation points on the liquidus surface of a primitive high-K basanite (COM-1). Equilibrium piston-cylinder experiments were carried out between 1.0 and 2.4 GPa under hydrous (1.8–3.8 wt% H2O) and oxidizing (ƒO2 = − 0.5 to 4.3 log units relative to NNO) conditions. COM-1 + 3.8 wt% H2O is shown to be multiply-saturated with a phlogopite-bearing spinel pyroxenite assemblage (cpx + opx + phl + sp) close to its liquidus at 1.9–2.4 GPa and 1300 ºC. Experimental mapping of the liquidus surface reveals a multiple saturation point (MSP) where a lherzolitic phase assemblage of ol + cpx + opx + sp + phl coexist. The topology of the MSP indicates a peritectic of the form cpx + opx + phl + sp = liquid + ol. Four bracketing experiments define the MSP of COM-1 as 1300 ± 10 °C, 1.7 ± 0.1 GPa, ∆NNO = 3.4 ± 0.5 log units, for melt containing 3.6 ± 0.4 wt% H2O. The MSP olivine is too forsterite-rich (Fo92-94) to be in equilibrium with mantle lherzolite, but matches phenocryst core compositions in the natural basanite. Thus, experimental results indicate that COM-1 was produced by incongruent melting of an olivine-free, phlogopite-pyroxenite source that itself is the result of metasomatism of mantle wedge by slab-derived fluids. These conditions provide a valuable constraint on the thermal structure and chemical composition of the mantle wedge beneath Colima.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document