Gender and the Body: Social Psychological Perspectives: Gender Harassment: Some Social Psychological Studies of the Antecedents

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pryor ◽  
Robert Hitlan ◽  
Elizabeth Hahn ◽  
Kristen Harrison
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Gender Harassment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Studies

Determination of Lead Content in Red Colored Lipsticks from Mandalay Market by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Exposure Levels

Red colored lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because some lipsticks contain a considerable amount of heavy metal especially lead. Lead is being used in lipstick mainly for the pigments required to obtain needed colors. Lead accumulates in the body over time and lead-containing lipstick applied several times a day, every day, combined with lead in water and other sources, could add up to significant exposure levels. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine lead content in red colored lipsticks from market. This study was laboratorybased, analytical study by using 25 lipstick samples. Red colored lipsticks were bought from Mandalay Market by random sampling procedure and they were completely coded to avoid the bias. Then, lead content in coded samples was determined by Flame AAS according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline. Lead contents of 88% of the lipsticks samples were more than specified limit (20 ppm) of Food and Drug Administration, United States. All of them, lead content was highest in counterfeit lipsticks group. Among the tested lipstick samples, lipstick with lowest lead content was LE-RL 01 (15.74 ppm) and the lipstick with highest lead content was CF-RL 01(60.09 ppm). In conclusion, lead contents of red colored lipsticks (22 out of 25) from market samples were higher than allowable limit (20 ppm).

The Arab Basic Personality: A Critical Survey of The Literature

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad M. Moughrabi
Keyword(s):  
Political Behavior ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Reality Testing ◽  
Childrearing Practices ◽  
Personality Pattern ◽  
Psychological Studies

A substantial number of social-psychological studies dealing with the Arab world purport to explain the ‘Arab basic personality’, or ‘the Arab mind’. The alleged purpose of these studies is to understand the ‘psychology of the Arabs’ the underlying motivations of their behavior, and the reasons for their underdevelopment. Most of these studies emphasize the use of projective analyses of the Arab personality on the basis of supposedly dominant childrearing practices. The personality pattern which emerges from this research includes characteristics such as free-floating hostility, rigidity, the lack of reality testing, and suspiciousness6 which are said to explain the nature of Arab political behavior.

Social Psychological Studies of Language

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
HOWARD GILES ◽  
JOHN M. WIEMANN
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Studies

Feminism, Freedom and the Hierarchy of Happiness in the Psychological Novels of May Sinclair

May Sinclair ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Truran
Keyword(s):  
Affect Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Emotional Labour ◽  
The Social ◽  
May Sinclair ◽  
Psychological Novels ◽  
Three Sisters

May Sinclair, in her psychological novels The Three Sisters (1915), Mary Olivier: A Life (1919), and The Life and Death of Harriet Frean (1919-1921), develops a concept of happiness which critiques the social, psychological, and physical constraints that are placed upon women due to their emotional labour. For Sinclair, some forms of happiness are better than others, creating a hierarchy of happiness across her work. Drawing on contemporary affect theory, this chapter offers an analysis of Sinclair’s complicated and deeply ambivalent representation of the feeling of happiness. The concept of happiness in Sinclair’s writing is protean. Certain forms of happiness must be resisted; for example the infantilizing contentment of Harriet Frean or the manipulative selfishness of Mary Cartaret. Still other forms should be actively pursued, for example Mary Olivier’s ecstatic and rapturous relationship with nature. Happiness can also become parasitic on suffering. Sinclair seems to be suggesting in both Mary Olivier and The Three Sisters that self-sacrifice, even self-abnegation, is the route to the “perfect” happiness. Affect can be dangerous in Sinclair’s work. To experience affect is to be affected and therefore the safest happiness is ecstatic: to be outside of the self, to be beyond the body.

To Err in their Ways: The Attribution Biases of the New Atheists

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarnath Amarasingam
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Fundamental Attribution Error ◽  
Daniel Dennett ◽  
Richard Dawkins ◽  
Attribution Biases ◽  
The World ◽  
New Atheism ◽  
Psychological Studies

The term ‘‘new atheism’’ has been given to the recent barrage of anti-religion and anti-God books written by Richard Dawkins (2006), Sam Harris (2004, 2008), Christopher Hitchens (2007), Daniel Dennett (2006), and others. This paper contends that one of the fundamental arguments put forth by the new atheists — that religion poisons everything or that religion is responsible for much of the evil in the world — falls victim to one of the best established theories of interpersonal and intergroup relations in social psychology: the fundamental attribution error. Insights gleaned from social psychology are especially useful for critiquing the new atheism. Instead of simply arguing that the new atheists ‘‘over-generalize,’’ social psychological studies on the nature of individual and group attribution provide the tools needed to launch a more substantive critique.

Méthodologie Pour Une Etude Biochimique De La Schizophrénie*

1969 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Jacques A. Bury
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Clinical Description ◽  
Definition Of

All the hypotheses concerning the basic problems of schizophrenia have been disproved, challenged or simply never corroborated. We tried to find the reasons. The first step in any research seems to be the definition of its object, but there is no definition of schizophrenia. The influence of the organogenesis versus psychogenesis dispute and of the personal convictions of searchers is inevitable and very often unconscious; it is felt at all the levels of research. The interference of other personal factors is also controversial at the research team level and notably regarding the importance of the illness concerned. Bleuler spoke about “the group of schizophrenias”, but all the studies are carried out as if, behind the diversity of the clinical description there was one single and constant organic substratum. The limitations which this idea engenders are discussed. The emphasis is on the interest in studying acute beginning forms. Various etiopathogenetic hypotheses are taken into consideration when choosing methodology; it is the least limitating hypothesis which must be the deciding factor, namely that there are, in schizophrenia, some social-psychological and some organic factors, but the presence of only one factor of any kind is sufficient. The methodological conclusions are: the value of longitudinal studies compared with sectional studies, the importance of setting up homogeneous sub-groups for at least one additional datum over that of schizophrenia and the interest of repeating the tests recommended by different schools on the same subjects. For reasons of facility, most studies deal with chronic patients, and various criteria of selection are shown. Consequences of ‘institutionalization' in a mental hospital (secondary alienation) are also looked at from the point of view of the body: it seems to us that chronicity gradually changes a person into ‘another man’, biologically speaking. The peculiarities of diets in mental hospitals were at the beginning of many contradictions and mistakes in those studies; the part of other independent variables is taken into consideration; such as the level of physical activity, stress and chemical treatments. The problem of control groups for the sectional studies is shown. Throughout the text, examples are given of repercussions on some studies of the methodological problems raised.

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