Enhancing Self-Control Via Mental Simulation: Thinking of the Future Increases the Subjective Value of Delayed Rewards

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Egidi ◽  
Howard C. Nusbaum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Change of perceptions of the image of the future among youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Natalia Petrovna Shilova ◽  
Pavel Petrovich Brudanov
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Vocational Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
The Future

This article describes the results of research carried out among youth for determining the perceptions of the image of the future. The image of the future is a dynamic psychological state that sets a vector of life and self-organization of individuals, and serves as the basis for projecting the development of personality and resources, essential for realization of its life path. Leaning on the analysis of existing perceptions of the image of the future suitable for youth, it was established that it relates to the perception of life as a dependent on the subject of activity, which correlates with independence, self-control, acceptance of social roles and emotional self-esteem. The author assumes that there are three key strategies in description of the image of the future for young men and women: planning, description of emotional relationships, and self-determination. The research involved total of 1,538 respondents (610 male and 928 female, aged 14-28. The classical methodology developed by I. S. Kon “Me in 5 Years” served as the main method for this study. Images of the future for young men and women contain both, different and similar strategies. Young women receiving vocational education see their future through planning, and the ones studying in high school and universities – through self-determination. Young men who study in high school and universities see their future through emotional relationships, and students of vocational education – through self-determination. This implies that namely the level of educational institution (school, university, vocational education) allows forming certain gender differences in the image of the future.

scholarly journals Habiletes Sociales Acquises Au Sein Des Familles Et Resilience Au Passage A L’acte Delictueux Chez Des Jeunes Vivant Dans Des Quartiers Defavorises A Abobo. (Abidjan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (29) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Traore Massandjé ◽  
Crizoa Hermann ◽  
N’goran N’faissoh Franck Stéphane
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Young People ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighborhoods ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Object Of Study

This study aims to explain the link between the social skills acquired within families and the resilience to the criminal act in young people living in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Abobo. The research was carried out in Abobo commune and involved 74 participants from different social categories. The collection of information relating to the object of study was based on questionnaire, interview and observation. The information collected was analyzed from a quantitative and qualitative point of view. The results of the study indicate that youth who are resilient to delinquency in the community are of all ages and both sexes. The study shows that the resilience to the criminal act in certain young people living in the precarious neighborhoods of the Abobo commune is explained by the ability to ask for help, self-control, development of a sense of autonomy and a projection into the future.

Letters to our Future Selves? High-Powered Replication Attempts Question Effects on Future Orientation, Delinquent Decisions, and Risky Investments

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-554
Author(s):  
Laura Quinten ◽  
Anja Murmann ◽  
Hanna A. Genau ◽  
Rafaela Warkentin ◽  
Rainer Banse
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Related Problem ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Future Selves ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Self ◽  
Letter Task

Enhancing people's future orientation, in particular continuity with their future selves, has been proposed as promising to mitigate self-control–related problem behavior. In two pre-registered, direct replication studies, we tested a subtle manipulation, that is, writing a letter to one's future self, in order to reduce delinquent decisions (van Gelder et al., 2013, Study 1) and risky investments (Monroe et al., 2017, Study 1). With samples of n = 314 and n = 463, which is 2.5 times the original studies' sample sizes, the results suggested that the expected effects are either non-existent or smaller than originally reported, and/or dependent on factors not examined. Vividness of the future self was successfully manipulated in Study 2, but manipulation checks overall indicated that the letter task is not reliable to alter future orientation. We discuss ideas to integrate self-affirmation approaches and to test less subtle manipulations in samples with substantial, myopia-related self-control deficits.

Self-Control, Cooperation, and Intention’s Authority

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-333
Author(s):  
Lilian O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Self

In this chapter the author defends a novel view of the relationships among intention for the future, self-control, and cooperation. The author argues that when an agent forms an intention for the future she comes to regard herself as criticizable if she does not act in accordance with her intention. In contexts where the agent has inclinations that run contrary to her unrescinded intention, her disposition for reflexive criticism helps her to resist these inclinations. Such intentions have, the author argues, a built-in mechanism for exercising self-control. The author goes on to argue that this mechanism can also function as a mechanism for cooperative behavior. Agents are not just equipped to abide by plans for the future, they are also thereby equipped for exercising self-control and for cooperating.

PEDAGOGICAL DESIGN BASED ON INFORMATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES: ANALYSIS AND PRINCIPLES OF THE PROJECT APPROACH

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Mykola Blyzniuk
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Pedagogical Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Project Approach

The Target Program for the Development of Education of Ukraine observes the priority of strategic thinking directed towards the future. The need for the formation of an "innovative person" (as defined by V. Kremin) aims at considering the methodology of education as a factor in the innovation activity of man. "Innovative person" shows activity, self-acceptance, self-organization, self-control in realization of own possibilities. The formation of an innovative personality depends both on the formation of artistic-figurative and rational thinking, as well as on the strategic, system-building, design thinking, which is aimed at the future. It is the ability to project activities is a condition for the success of the individual, a criterion for identifying its innovative potential. The article presents an analysis of the approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the interpretation of such phenomenon as pedagogical design. The role and place of pedagogical design in the modern educational process, in particular on the basis of information, is analyzed. The aspects of pedagogical design are determined which are the most important when creating electronic educational resources. Examples of models of pedagogical design are presented. Principles are developed and an analysis of the project approach is given.

Prospection: Methodological Complexities of Imagining Academia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Maura A. E. Pilotti ◽  
Khadija El Alaoui ◽  
Muamar Hasan Salameh
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
The Future ◽  
Natural Outcome ◽  
The University

Simulations can be considered a particular act of thinking that entails imagining oneself in a hypothetical scenario (as either the doer or the observer) to explore potential outcomes. Imagining the structure and functioning of institutions of higher education in the future is a complex task that may involve a blend of known and estimated facts along with desired outcomes. In the present paper, we discuss the merits of mental simulation along with a straightforward paradigm that may be useful in the study of prospection applied to this specific task. It is based on the assumption that prospection is a natural outcome of an intelligent cognitive system, which envisions the future to both anticipate and shape forthcoming events. We then discuss the benefits of prospection when the object to imagine is the university.

scholarly journals ‘Your Womb, The Perfect Classroom’: Prenatal Sound Systems and Uterine Audiophilia

2020 ◽  
pp. 014177892095867
Author(s):  
Marie Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Common Point ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Reproductive Politics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Child ◽  
The Common ◽  
Culture Technology ◽  
Maternal Obligation

In this article, I explore the auditory technopolitics of prenatal sound systems, asking what kinds of futures, listeners and temporalities they seek to produce. With patents for prenatal audio apparatus dating back to the late 1980s, there are now a range of devices available to expectant parents. These sound technologies offer multiple benefits: from soothing away stress to increasing the efficiency of ultrasonic scans. However, one common point of emphasis is their capacity to accelerate foetal ‘learning’ and cognitive development. Taking as exemplary the Babypod and BabyPlus devices, I argue that prenatal sound systems make audible a particular figuration of pregnancy and gestational labour that combines divergent notions of responsibility and passivity. Contra the equation of neoliberalism with self-control and individualism, I argue that prenatal sound systems amplify neoliberal capitalism’s elision of personal, maternal and familial responsibility. As reproductive sound technologies, prenatal sound systems facilitate maternal–familial investment in the pre-born as future-child. Consequently, financialised notions of inheritance are substituted for biological inheritance. Drawing attention to the common rhetorical figuration of the sonic as womb-like, furthermore, I argue that prenatal sound systems exemplify what I refer to as uterine audiophilia. By treating the womb as ‘the perfect classroom’, prenatal sound systems imply an intense maternal obligation to invest in and impress upon the future-child, while also envisioning the pregnant person’s body as an occupied, resonant space. Cohering with a fidelity discourse that posits the reproductive medium as passive container and a source of noise that is to be overcome, uterine audiophilia relies upon politically regressive conceptualisations of pregnancy. I thus argue that these devices mark the hitherto under-theorised convergence of auditory culture, technology and reproductive politics.

scholarly journals Intertemporal choice reflects value comparison rather than self-control: insights from confidence judgments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bulley ◽  
Karolina Maria Lempert ◽  
Colin Conwell ◽  
Muireann Irish
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Confidence Judgments ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intertemporal Decisions ◽  
Intertemporal Choices

Intertemporal decision-making has long been assumed to measure self-control, with prominent theories treating choices of smaller, sooner rewards as failed attempts to override immediate temptation. If this view is correct, people should be more confident in their intertemporal decisions when they “successfully” delay gratification than when they do not. In two pre- registered experiments with built-in replication, adult participants (n=117) made monetary intertemporal choices and rated their confidence in having made the right decisions. Contrary to assumptions of the self-control account, confidence was not higher when participants chose delayed rewards. Rather, participants were more confident in their decisions when possible rewards were further apart in time-discounted subjective value, closer to the present, and larger in magnitude. Demonstrating metacognitive insight, participants were more confident in decisions that better aligned with their independent valuation of possible rewards. Decisions made with less confidence were more prone to changes-of-mind and more susceptible to a patience-enhancing manipulation. Together, our results establish that confidence in intertemporal choice tracks uncertainty in estimating and comparing the value of possible rewards – just as it does in decisions unrelated to self-control. Our findings challenge self- control views and instead cast intertemporal choice as a form of value-based decision-making about future possibilities.

scholarly journals Teamwork as a Self-Disciplining Device

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fahn ◽  
Hendrik Hakenes
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Team Formation ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Relational Contract ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Utility ◽  
Commitment Device

We show that team formation can serve as an implicit commitment device to overcome problems of self-control. If individuals have present-biased preferences, effort that is costly today but rewarded at some later point in time is too low from the perspective of an individual’s long-run self. If agents interact repeatedly and can monitor each other, a relational contract involving teamwork can help to improve performance. The mutual promise to work harder is credible because the team breaks up after an agent has not kept this promise, which leads to individual underproduction in the future, reducing future utility. (JEL D11, D71, D86, M54)

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