Acute affective response to moderate-intensity exercise; association with adolescents' future physical activity (PA)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priel Schmalbach ◽  
Margaret Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

scholarly journals Age Moderates the Effect of Self-Paced Exercise on Exercise Adherence among Overweight Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Harold H. Lee ◽  
Shira Dunsiger ◽  
Lauren Connell Bohlen ◽  
Holly K. Boyle ◽  
Jessica A. Emerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Intensity Condition ◽  
Overweight Adults ◽  
Effect Of Age

Objective: The present study tested the hypothesis that the effect of self-paced exercise on adherence to exercise programs is more pronounced with increasing age. Method: Fifty-nine low-active overweight adults (18-65 years) were encouraged to walk 30 to 60 min/day and randomized to either self-paced ( n = 30) or prescribed moderate-intensity ( n = 29) conditions. Results: The effect of study condition was moderated by age (main effect: b = 6.14, SE = 2.54, p = .02; Condition × Age: b = −11.55, SE = 3.77, p < .01), such that among participants >50 years, those in the self-paced condition exercised 6 more min/day than participants in the prescribed moderate-intensity condition ( p = .02), whereas among participants <50 years, those in the self-paced condition exercised 5.4 fewer min/day compared with those in the moderate-intensity condition ( p = .05). Affective response to physical activity did not mediate the moderating effect of age. Discussion: As age increases, adults may be more likely to adhere to self-paced versus prescribed moderate-intensity exercise.

scholarly journals The Regulation of the Metastatic Cascade by Physical Activity: A Narrative Review

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie van Doorslaer de ten Ryen ◽  
Louise Deldicque
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Tumor Spread ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Cancer Dissemination

The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the currently available knowledge about the mechanisms by which physical activity may affect metastatic development. The search terms exercise [Title/Abstract] AND metastasis [Title/Abstract] returned 222 articles on PUBMED on the 10 February 2019. After careful analysis of the abstracts, a final selection of 24 articles was made. Physical activity regulates the levels of metastatic factors in each of the five steps of the process. Moderate intensity exercise appears to prevent tumor spread around the body, among others, by normalizing angiogenesis, destroying circulating tumor cells, and decreasing endothelial cells permeability. Contrarily, high-intensity exercise seems to favor cancer dissemination, likely through excessive stress, which can be somewhat counteracted by an appropriate warm-up. In conclusion, chronic adaptations to moderate-intensity endurance exercise seem the most effective way to achieve a preventive effect of exercise on metastases. Altogether, the data gathered here reinforce the importance of encouraging cancer patients to perform moderate physical activity several times a week. To limit the undesired events thereof, a good knowledge of the patient’s training level is important to establish an adapted exercise training program.

scholarly journals The effect of breaking up prolonged sitting on paired associative stimulation-induced plasticity

2020 ◽  
Vol 238 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bojsen-Møller ◽  
M. M. Ekblom ◽  
O. Tarassova ◽  
D. W. Dunstan ◽  
O. Ekblom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Abductor Pollicis Brevis ◽  
Paired Associative Stimulation

Abstract Paired associative stimulation (PAS) can induce plasticity in the motor cortex, as measured by changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE). This effect is attenuated in older and less active individuals. Although a single bout of exercise enhances PAS-induced plasticity in young, physically inactive adults, it is not yet known if physical activity interventions affect PAS-induced neuroplasticity in middle-aged inactive individuals. Sixteen inactive middle-aged office workers participated in a randomized cross-over design investigating how CSE and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were affected by PAS preceded by 3 h of sitting (SIT), 3 h of sitting interrupted every 30 min by 3 min of frequent short bouts of physical activity (FPA) and 2.5 h of sitting followed by 25 min of moderate-intensity exercise (EXE). Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) of the dominant abductor pollicis brevis to induce recruitment curves before and 5 min and 30 min post-PAS. Linear mixed models were used to compare changes in CSE using time and condition as fixed effects and subjects as random effects. There was a main effect of time on CSE and planned within-condition comparisons showed that CSE was significantly increased from baseline to 5 min and 30 min post-PAS, in the FPA condition, with no significant changes in the SIT or EXE conditions. SICI decreased from baseline to 5 min post-PAS, but this was not related to changes in CSE. Our findings suggest that in middle-aged inactive adults, FPAs may promote corticospinal neuroplasticity. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

scholarly journals Acute moderate-intensity exercise in middle-aged men has neither an anti- nor proinflammatory effect

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniella Markovitch ◽  
Rex M. Tyrrell ◽  
Dylan Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Cultured Endothelial Cells ◽  
Intensity Physical Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Strenuous exercise induces an initial pro- and subsequent anti-inflammatory response, and it has been suggested that this may be one of the ways that regular exercise reduces chronic inflammation and therefore the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, public health recommendations emphasize moderate-intensity physical activity, and it is important to understand whether moderate-intensity exercise has a similar anti-inflammatory effect. Twelve sedentary male volunteers (age 54 ± 4 yr) completed two main trials, moderate-intensity exercise and rest (30 min at 50% maximal oxygen uptake vs. sitting, respectively). There were no significant changes in circulating neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, or serum interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and C-reactive protein concentration over the 7 days following exercise. Similarly, lymphocyte adhesion to cultured endothelial cells and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in lymphocytes and monocytes were not affected by walking at any time point. These results suggest that the long-term anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic effects of regular moderate-intensity physical activity must be explained by something other than a profound net anti-inflammatory response to each exercise bout since a single bout of walking did not lead to a change in various markers of inflammation or lymphocyte adherence to cultured endothelial cells.

scholarly journals AgingPLUS: A Randomized Trial to Increase Physical Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 434-434
Author(s):  
Manfred Diehl ◽  
Jennifer Schrack
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
Intervention Condition

Abstract Engagement in physical activity (PA) has well-documented benefits for delaying or preventing age-related diseases. Thus, it is important to study innovative ways to increase PA in the adult population. This symposium describes AgingPLUS, an ongoing trial that addresses three psychological mechanisms to increase adults’ PA: Negative views of aging (NVOA), low self-efficacy beliefs, and deficient goal-planning skills. The symposium also presents preliminary findings, based on a pre-pandemic subsample, on changes in explicit NVOA, implicit VOA, and changes in PA. Diehl et al. describe the theoretical background and study design of the ongoing RCT. This also includes the main study hypotheses. Rebok et al. present preliminary findings showing significant effects of the intervention on NVOA and frequency of moderate intensity exercise. Effects on physical function and accelerometry measures were not statistically significant in this subsample. Tseng et al. examined the effects of the intervention on two measures of implicit VOA: a lexical decision-making task (LDMT) and the Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT). Findings showed that differences in post-intervention latencies on the LDMT were not statistically significant. Differences on post-intervention BIAT d scores also failed to be significant. Finally, Nehrkorn-Bailey et al. tested a multiple mediator model examining the mediational role of self-efficacy (SE) and exercise intention (EI) on PA. Results showed that Week 4 SE significantly mediated the effect of intervention condition to Week 8 anticipated PA engagement. Week 4 EI significantly mediated the effect of intervention condition on Month 6 PA engagement. Anticipated PA effects predicted subsequent involvement in PA.

Level of moderate-intensity leisure-time physical activity and reduced mortality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Wanqing Wen ◽  
Yu-Tang Gao ◽  
Hong-Lan Li ◽  
Gong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Guidelines

BackgroundFew studies have prospectively evaluated the association of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with mortality in Asians, who are more susceptible to insulin resistance than their Caucasian counterparts.MethodsData from two large prospective cohort studies conducted in Shanghai were evaluated. After excluding participants who had a history of cancer, coronary heart disease or stroke at baseline, or who died within the first 3 years after study enrolment, 53 839 men and 66 888 women, followed for an average of 9.2 and 14.7 years, respectively, remained for the study.ResultsCompared with those who reported no exercise, a reduction in mortality with an HR of 0.86 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.93) was observed in those who regularly engage in moderate-intensity LTPA, even those who reported an LTPA level lower than the minimum amount recommended by the current physical activity guidelines (150 min or 7.5 metabolic equivalent hours per week). The association between moderate-intensity exercise and mortality followed a dose–response pattern until the amount of LTPA reached 3–5 times the recommended minimum level. A similar pattern of association was observed for cause-specific mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer or other causes.ConclusionRegular participation in moderate-intensity LTPA was associated with reduced mortality, particularly CVD mortality, even when the LTPA was below the minimum level recommended by current guidelines. Increasing the amount of moderate-intensity LTPA was associated with further risk reduction up to a potential threshold of 3–5 times the recommended minimum.

A Data-Driven Personalized Model of Glucose Dynamics Taking Account of the Effects of Physical Activity for Type 1 Diabetes: An In Silico Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyu Xie ◽  
Qian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Glucose Dynamics

This paper aims to develop a data-driven model for glucose dynamics taking into account the effects of physical activity (PA) through a numerical study. It intends to investigate PA's immediate effect on insulin-independent glucose variation and PA's prolonged effect on insulin sensitivity. We proposed a nonlinear model with PA (NLPA), consisting of a linear regression of PA and a bilinear regression of insulin and PA. The model was identified and evaluated using data generated from a physiological PA-glucose model by Dalla Man et al. integrated with the uva/padova Simulator. Three metrics were computed to compare blood glucose (BG) predictions by NLPA, a linear model with PA (LPA), and a linear model with no PA (LOPA). For PA's immediate effect on glucose, NLPA and LPA showed 45–160% higher mean goodness of fit (FIT) than LOPA under 30 min-ahead glucose prediction (P < 0.05). For the prolonged PA effect on glucose, NLPA showed 87% higher FIT than LPA (P < 0.05) for simulations using no previous measurements. NLPA had 25–37% and 31–54% higher sensitivity in predicting postexercise hypoglycemia than LPA and LOPA, respectively. This study demonstrated the following qualitative trends: (1) for moderate-intensity exercise, accuracy of BG prediction was improved by explicitly accounting for PA's effect; and (2) accounting for PA's prolonged effect on insulin sensitivity can increase the chance of early prediction of postexercise hypoglycemia. Such observations will need to be further evaluated through human subjects in the future.

scholarly journals Affective Response to Exercise and Preferred Exercise Intensity Among Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Schneider ◽  
Priel Schmalbach
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Response To Exercise

Background:Little information exists as to the exercise intensity that adolescents enjoy and whether identifiable subgroups of adolescents will choose higher-intensity exercise.Methods:Healthy adolescents (N = 74; mean age = 11.09 years) completed a cardiorespiratory fitness test, a moderate-intensity exercise task, and an exercise task at an intensity that felt “good.” Heart rate (HR), work rate (WR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed every 3 minutes.Results:During the “feels good” task, adolescents exercised at a HR recognized as beneficial for cardiovascular health (mean HR = 66% to 72% of HR at VO2peak). Adolescents who experienced a positive affective shift during the moderate-intensity task engaged in higher-intensity exercise during the feels-good task as compared with those whose affective response to moderate-intensity exercise was neutral or negative (76% of peak HR vs. 70% of peak HR, P < .01).There was no difference between groups in RPE.Conclusions:Adolescents tend to select an exercise intensity associated with fitness benefits when afforded the opportunity to choose an intensity that feels good. An identified subgroup engaged in higher-intensity exercise without a commensurate perception of working harder. Encouraging adolescents to exercise at an intensity that feels good may increase future exercise without sacrificing fitness.

scholarly journals Coronavirus (COVID-19), Coagulation, and Exercise: Interactions That May Influence Health Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (07) ◽  
pp. 807-814
Author(s):  
Emma Kate Zadow ◽  
Daniel William Taylor Wundersitz ◽  
Diane Louise Hughes ◽  
Murray John Adams ◽  
Michael Ian Charles Kingsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Perfect Storm

AbstractThe proinflammatory cytokine storm associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) negatively affects the hematological system, leading to coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction and thereby increasing the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis. Coagulopathy has been reported as associated with mortality in people with COVID-19 and is partially reflected by enhanced D-dimer levels. Poor vascular health, which is associated with the cardiometabolic health conditions frequently reported in people with severer forms of COVID-19, might exacerbate the risk of coagulopathy and mortality. Sedentary lifestyles might also contribute to the development of coagulopathy, and physical activity participation has been inherently lowered due to at-home regulations established to slow the spread of this highly infectious disease. It is possible that COVID-19, coagulation, and reduced physical activity may contribute to generate a “perfect storm,” where each fuels the other and potentially increases mortality risk. Several pharmaceutical agents are being explored to treat COVID-19, but potential negative consequences are associated with their use. Exercise is known to mitigate many of the identified side effects from the pharmaceutical agents being trialled but has not yet been considered as part of management for COVID-19. From the limited available evidence in people with cardiometabolic health conditions, low- to moderate-intensity exercise might have the potential to positively influence biochemical markers of coagulopathy, whereas high-intensity exercise is likely to increase thrombotic risk. Therefore, low- to moderate-intensity exercise could be an adjuvant therapy for people with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and reduce the risk of developing severe symptoms of illness that are associated with enhanced mortality.

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