scholarly journals Observers of quantum systems cannot agree to disagree

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Contreras-Tejada ◽  
Giannicola Scarpa ◽  
Aleksander M. Kubicki ◽  
Adam Brandenburger ◽  
Pierfrancesco La Mura
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Quantum Foundations ◽  
Classical Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractIs the world quantum? An active research line in quantum foundations is devoted to exploring what constraints can rule out the postquantum theories that are consistent with experimentally observed results. We explore this question in the context of epistemics, and ask whether agreement between observers can serve as a physical principle that must hold for any theory of the world. Aumann’s seminal Agreement Theorem states that two observers (of classical systems) cannot agree to disagree. We propose an extension of this theorem to no-signaling settings. In particular, we establish an Agreement Theorem for observers of quantum systems, while we construct examples of (postquantum) no-signaling boxes where observers can agree to disagree. The PR box is an extremal instance of this phenomenon. These results make it plausible that agreement between observers might be a physical principle, while they also establish links between the fields of epistemics and quantum information that seem worthy of further exploration.

scholarly journals Quantum Entanglement in Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Del Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Communications ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Classical Systems

<p>This thesis is in the field of quantum information science, which is an area that reconceptualizes quantum physics in terms of information.  Central to this area is the quantum effect of entanglement in space.  It is an interdependence among two or more spatially separated quantum systems that would be impossible to replicate by classical systems.  Alternatively, an entanglement in space can also be viewed as a resource in quantum information in that it allows the ability to perform information tasks that would be impossible or very difficult to do with only classical information.  Two such astonishing applications are quantum communications which can be harnessed for teleportation, and quantum computers which can drastically outperform the best classical supercomputers.   In this thesis our focus is on the theoretical aspect of the field, and we provide one of the first expositions on an analogous quantum effect known as entanglement in time.  It can be viewed as an interdependence of quantum systems across time, which is stronger than could ever exist between classical systems.  We explore this temporal effect within the study of quantum information and its foundations as well as through relativistic quantum information.  An original contribution of this thesis is the design of one of the first quantum information applications of entanglement in time, namely a quantum blockchain.  We describe how the entanglement in time provides the quantum advantage over a classical blockchain.  Furthermore, the information encoding procedure of this quantum blockchain can be interpreted as non-classically influencing the past, and hence the system can be viewed as a `quantum time machine.'</p>

scholarly journals Quantum Entanglement in Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Del Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Communications ◽  
Information Encoding ◽  
Classical Systems

<p>This thesis is in the field of quantum information science, which is an area that reconceptualizes quantum physics in terms of information.  Central to this area is the quantum effect of entanglement in space.  It is an interdependence among two or more spatially separated quantum systems that would be impossible to replicate by classical systems.  Alternatively, an entanglement in space can also be viewed as a resource in quantum information in that it allows the ability to perform information tasks that would be impossible or very difficult to do with only classical information.  Two such astonishing applications are quantum communications which can be harnessed for teleportation, and quantum computers which can drastically outperform the best classical supercomputers.   In this thesis our focus is on the theoretical aspect of the field, and we provide one of the first expositions on an analogous quantum effect known as entanglement in time.  It can be viewed as an interdependence of quantum systems across time, which is stronger than could ever exist between classical systems.  We explore this temporal effect within the study of quantum information and its foundations as well as through relativistic quantum information.  An original contribution of this thesis is the design of one of the first quantum information applications of entanglement in time, namely a quantum blockchain.  We describe how the entanglement in time provides the quantum advantage over a classical blockchain.  Furthermore, the information encoding procedure of this quantum blockchain can be interpreted as non-classically influencing the past, and hence the system can be viewed as a `quantum time machine.'</p>

scholarly journals The Identity of Logic and the World in terms of Quantum Information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Hilbert Space ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Free Variable ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Universal Logic ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Universe

One can construct a mapping between Hilbert space and the class of all logics if the latter is defined as the set of all well-orderings of some relevant set (or class). That mapping can be further interpreted as a mapping of all states of all quantum systems, on the one hand, and all logics, on the other hand. The collection of all states of all quantum systems is equivalent to the world (the universe) as a whole. Thus that mapping establishes a fundamentally philosophical correspondence between the physical world and universal logic by the meditation of a special and fundamental structure, that of Hilbert space, and therefore, between quantum mechanics and logic by mathematics. Furthermore, Hilbert space can be interpreted as the free variable of "quantum information" and any point in it, as a value of the same variable as "bound" already axiom of choice.

Modernism, Empiricism, and Rationalism

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Squires
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
Dimensional Spectrum ◽  
Culture History ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rule Out

Modernism is usually defined historically as the composite movement at the beginning of the twentieth century which led to a radical break with what had gone before in literature and the other arts. Given the problems of the continuing use of the concept to cover subsequent writing, this essay proposes an alternative, philosophical perspective which explores the impact of rationalism (what we bring to the world) on the prevailing empiricism (what we take from the world) of modern poetry, which leads to a concern with consciousness rather than experience. This in turn involves a re-conceptualisation of the lyric or narrative I, of language itself as a phenomenon, and of other poetic themes such as nature, culture, history, and art. Against the background of the dominant empiricism of modern Irish poetry as presented in Crotty's anthology, the essay explores these ideas in terms of a small number of poets who may be considered modernist in various ways. This does not rule out modernist elements in some other poets and the initial distinction between a poetics of experience and one of consciousness is better seen as a multi-dimensional spectrum that requires further, more detailed analysis than is possible here.

scholarly journals Pre-Procedural COVID-19 Nasopharyngeal Swab Has Good Concordance with Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients at Low Risk for Viral Infection

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Oberg ◽  
Reza Ronaghi ◽  
Erik E. Folch ◽  
Colleen L. Channick ◽  
Tao He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Symptom Screening ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Overall Reliability ◽  
Rule Out

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drastically affected hospital and operating room (OR) workflow around the world as well as trainee education. Many institutions have instituted mandatory preoperative SARS-CoV-2 PCR nasopharyngeal swab (NS) testing in patients who are low risk for COVID-19 prior to elective cases. This method, however, is challenging as the sensitivity, specificity, and overall reliability of testing remains unclear. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The objective of this study was to assess the concordance of a negative NS in low risk preoperative patients with lower airway bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens obtained from the same patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We prospectively sent intraoperative lower airway BAL samples collected within 48 h of a negative mandatory preoperative NS for SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing. All adult patients undergoing a scheduled bronchoscopic procedure for any reason were enrolled, including elective and nonelective cases. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One-hundred eighty-nine patients were included. All BAL specimens were negative for SARS-CoV-2 indicative of 100% concordance between testing modalities. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These results are promising and suggest that preoperative nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 testing provides adequate screening to rule out active COVID-19 infection prior to OR cases in a population characterized as low risk by negative symptom screening. This information can be used for both pre-procedural screening and when reintroducing trainees into the workforce.

scholarly journals Beyond Causal Explanation: Einstein’s Principle Not Reichenbach’s

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Michael Silberstein ◽  
William Mark Stuckey ◽  
Timothy McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Minkowski Spacetime ◽  
Physical Principle ◽  
Causal Principle ◽  
Complete Rejection ◽  
Epr Correlations ◽  
Tsirelson Bound

Our account provides a local, realist and fully non-causal principle explanation for EPR correlations, contextuality, no-signalling, and the Tsirelson bound. Indeed, the account herein is fully consistent with the causal structure of Minkowski spacetime. We argue that retrocausal accounts of quantum mechanics are problematic precisely because they do not fully transcend the assumption that causal or constructive explanation must always be fundamental. Unlike retrocausal accounts, our principle explanation is a complete rejection of Reichenbach’s Principle. Furthermore, we will argue that the basis for our principle account of quantum mechanics is the physical principle sought by quantum information theorists for their reconstructions of quantum mechanics. Finally, we explain why our account is both fully realist and psi-epistemic.

scholarly journals Indistinguishability and Negative Probabilities

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
J. Acacio de Barros ◽  
Federico Holik
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Contextuality ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Do So

In this paper, we examined the connection between quantum systems’ indistinguishability and signed (or negative) probabilities. We do so by first introducing a measure-theoretic definition of signed probabilities inspired by research in quantum contextuality. We then argue that ontological indistinguishability leads to the no-signaling condition and negative probabilities.

Origin of the coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Basu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Death ◽  
The World ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Wet Market

Сoronavirus created all over the world a fear of death. How this virus was originated? The standard explanation from the Chinese was that in the wet market of Wuhan as there are Bat meat and Pangolean meat, virus was originated there and gradually spread all over Wuhan and other areas of China and then all over the world. However, serious doubts are now raised in the non-Chinese world. The reason is Bat was not sold in the wet market of Wuhan. There are active research going on in the Institute of Virology in Wuhan on various deadly virus, under the control of the Chinese military. Questions are raised whether accidentally virus was released from that Institute or it was deliberate.

The Plain Inquirer’s Plain Evidence against the Global Skeptical Scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Leite
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Epistemic Circularity ◽  
Evil Demon ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
Limited Demand ◽  
Epistemic Asymmetry ◽  
Background Context ◽  
Rule Out

Penelope Maddy claims that we can have no evidence that we are not being globally deceived by an evil demon. However, Maddy’s Plain Inquirer holds that she has good evidence for a wide variety of claims about the world and her relation to it. She rejects the broadly Cartesian idea that she can’t be entitled to these claims, or have good evidence for them, or know them, unless she can provide a defense of them that starts from nowhere. She likewise rejects the more limited demand for a defense that makes use only of considerations that do not concern the world outside of her mind. She allows that some considerations about the world can be appealed to perfectly appropriately as fully adequate evidence in favor of other considerations about the world. So why can’t the Plain Inquirer rule out global skeptical hypotheses by producing evidence against them that depends upon other considerations about the world? Is there good reason for singling out global skeptical hypotheses such as I am not being deceived by an evil demon as requiring a different kind of treatment? Considerations about epistemic asymmetry and epistemic circularity, as well as Wittgensteinian considerations about the relation between evidence and the real-world and human background context, all lead to the conclusion that there is not.

scholarly journals Topological protection of biphoton states

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6414) ◽  
pp. 568-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Blanco-Redondo ◽  
Bryn Bell ◽  
Dikla Oren ◽  
Benjamin J. Eggleton ◽  
Mordechai Segev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Propagation Constant ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Quantum Gates ◽  
Scattering Loss ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Quantum Optical ◽  
Nontrivial Topology ◽  
Large Quantum

The robust generation and propagation of multiphoton quantum states are crucial for applications in quantum information, computing, and communications. Although photons are intrinsically well isolated from the thermal environment, scaling to large quantum optical devices is still limited by scattering loss and other errors arising from random fabrication imperfections. The recent discoveries regarding topological phases have introduced avenues to construct quantum systems that are protected against scattering and imperfections. We experimentally demonstrate topological protection of biphoton states, the building block for quantum information systems. We provide clear evidence of the robustness of the spatial features and the propagation constant of biphoton states generated within a nanophotonics lattice with nontrivial topology and propose a concrete path to build robust entangled states for quantum gates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document