scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms underpinning transgenerational plasticity in the green sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody S. Clark ◽  
Coleen C. Suckling ◽  
Alessandro Cavallo ◽  
Clara L. Mackenzie ◽  
Michael A. S. Thorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Psammechinus Miliaris ◽  
Green Sea Urchin

Aspects of the regulation of histone genes

1978 ◽  
Vol 283 (997) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Oocyte Nucleus ◽  
Histone Genes ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Psammechinus Miliaris

Sequencing of cloned histone DNA of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris has confirmed the map of the histone genes obtained earlier by rather less refined techniques. Sequencing of spacer has revealed that it is unlikely to code for protein. Some interesting sequences in the prelude regions to the structural genes have been found. The technique of injecting DNA into the germinal vesicle of the Xenopus oocyte has been greatly simplified, so that now many of the parameters governing the transcription of the injected genes can be investigated. Some mRNA-like molecules appear when circular histone DNA is inserted into the oocyte nucleus. We are cautiously optimistic that the technique can be further developed and will provide a useful tool for the study of the molecular mechanisms governing the expression of structural genes coding for proteins.

scholarly journals Nicotine Induces Polyspermy in Sea Urchin Eggs through a Non-Cholinergic Pathway Modulating Actin Dynamics

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzia Limatola ◽  
Filip Vasilev ◽  
Luigia Santella ◽  
Jong Tai Chun
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Sea Urchin Eggs ◽  
Cholinergic Pathway ◽  
Dose Dependent

While alkaloids often exert unique pharmacological effects on animal cells, exposure of sea urchin eggs to nicotine causes polyspermy at fertilization in a dose-dependent manner. Here, we studied molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon. Although nicotine is an agonist of ionotropic acetylcholine receptors, we found that nicotine-induced polyspermy was neither mimicked by acetylcholine and carbachol nor inhibited by specific antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Unlike acetylcholine and carbachol, nicotine uniquely induced drastic rearrangement of egg cortical microfilaments in a dose-dependent way. Such cytoskeletal changes appeared to render the eggs more receptive to sperm, as judged by the significant alleviation of polyspermy by latrunculin-A and mycalolide-B. In addition, our fluorimetric assay provided the first evidence that nicotine directly accelerates polymerization kinetics of G-actin and attenuates depolymerization of preassembled F-actin. Furthermore, nicotine inhibited cofilin-induced disassembly of F-actin. Unexpectedly, our results suggest that effects of nicotine can also be mediated in some non-cholinergic pathways.

scholarly journals New microsatellite loci for the green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis using universal M13 labelled markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc B Anglès d’Auriac ◽  
Anders Hobæk ◽  
Hartvig Christie ◽  
Hege Gundersen ◽  
Camilla Fagerli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Green Sea Urchin

Evidence for Association of Vibrio Echinoideorum with Tissue Necrosis on Body Shell of the Green Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hira ◽  
Klara Stensvåg
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Green Sea Urchin

Abstract “Sea urchin lesion syndrome” is known as sea urchins disease with the progressive development of necrotic epidermal tissue and loss of external organs, including appendages on the outer body surface. Recently, a novel strain, Vibrio echinoideorum has been isolated from the lesions of green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis), an economically important mariculture species in Norway. V. echinoideorum has not been reported elsewhere in association of with green sea urchin lesion syndrome. Therefore, in this study, an immersion based bacterial challenge experiment was performed to expose sea urchins (wounded and non-wounded) to V. echinoideorum, thereby mimicking a nearly natural host-pathogen interaction under controlled conditions. This infection experiment demonstrated that only the injured sea urchins developed the lesion to a significant degree when exposed to V. echinoideorum. Pure cultures of the employed bacterial strain was recovered from the infected animals and its identity was confirmed by the MALDI-TOF MS spectra profiling. Additionally, the hemolytic phenotype of V. echinoideorum substantiated its virulence potential towards the host, and this was also supported by the cytolytic effect on red spherule cells of sea urchins. Furthermore, the genome sequence of V. echinoideorum was assumed to encode potential virulence genes and were subjected for in silico comparison with the established virulence factors of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio tasmaniensis. This comparative virulence profile provided novel insights about virulence genes and their putative functions related to chemotaxis, adherence, invasion, evasion of the host immune system, and damage of host tissue and cells. Thus, it supports the pathogenicity of V. echinoideorum. In conclusion, the interaction of V. echinoideorum with injured sea urchins appears to be essential for the development of lesion syndrome and therefore, revealing its potentiality as an opportunistic pathogen.

The Mechanism of Cell-division

1953 ◽  
Vol s3-94 (28) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
M. M. SWANN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
White Light ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Psammechinus Miliaris ◽  
Energy Store ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

1. Developing eggs of the sea-urchin Psammechinus miliaris were subjected to carbon monoxide inhibition, which was controlled by changing from green to white light. The behaviour of the eggs was recorded by time-lapse photography. 2. If inhibition is applied before the eggs enter mitosis, their first cleavage is delayed by a time which is roughly equal to the period of the inhibition. 3. If the inhibition is applied when the cells have already entered mitosis, they complete mitosis and cleave with little or no delay, but their second cleavage is delayed by a time which is roughly equal to the period of the inhibition. 4. It is suggested that the necessary energy for the second mitosis and cleavage is being stored up during the first mitosis and cleavage, and that this energy store operates like a reservoir which is continually being filled but siphons out when it is full. Once the energy has siphoned out, it carries mitosis and cleavage through, even though the reservoir is not filling up because of carbon monoxide inhibition.

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