scholarly journals Mechanisms of dispersal and colonisation in a wind-borne cereal pest, the haplodiploid wheat curl mite

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Laska ◽  
Anna Przychodzka ◽  
Ewa Puchalska ◽  
Mariusz Lewandowski ◽  
Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Founder Effect ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Heterozygosity Loss ◽  
Important Pest

AbstractDispersal and colonisation determine the survival and success of organisms, and influence the structure and dynamics of communities and ecosystems in space and time. Both affect the gene flow between populations, ensuring sufficient level of genetic variation and improving adaptation abilities. In haplodiploids, such as Aceria tosichella (wheat curl mite, WCM), a population may be founded even by a single unfertilised female, so there is a risk of heterozygosity loss (i.e. founder effect). It may lead to adverse outcomes, such as inbreeding depression. Yet, the strength of the founder effect partly depends on the genetic variation of the parental population. WCM is an economically important pest with a great invasive potential, but its dispersal and colonisation mechanisms were poorly studied before. Therefore, here we assessed WCM dispersal and colonisation potential in relation to the genetic variation of the parental population. We checked whether this potential may be linked to specific pre-dispersal actions (e.g. mating before dispersal and collective behaviour). Our study confirms that dispersal strategies of WCM are not dependent on heterozygosity in the parental population, and the efficient dispersal of this species depends on collective movement of fertilised females.

scholarly journals Human genetic variation alters CRISPR-Cas9 on- and off-targeting specificity at therapeutically implicated loci

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (52) ◽  
pp. E11257-E11266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lessard ◽  
Laurent Francioli ◽  
Jessica Alfoldi ◽  
Jean-Claude Tardif ◽  
Patrick T. Ellinor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Human Genetic Variation ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Guide Rna ◽  
Cas9 Nuclease ◽  
Target Sites

The CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease system holds enormous potential for therapeutic genome editing of a wide spectrum of diseases. Large efforts have been made to further understanding of on- and off-target activity to assist the design of CRISPR-based therapies with optimized efficacy and safety. However, current efforts have largely focused on the reference genome or the genome of cell lines to evaluate guide RNA (gRNA) efficiency, safety, and toxicity. Here, we examine the effect of human genetic variation on both on- and off-target specificity. Specifically, we utilize 7,444 whole-genome sequences to examine the effect of variants on the targeting specificity of ∼3,000 gRNAs across 30 therapeutically implicated loci. We demonstrate that human genetic variation can alter the off-target landscape genome-wide including creating and destroying protospacer adjacent motifs (PAMs). Furthermore, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels) can result in altered on-target sites and novel potent off-target sites, which can predispose patients to treatment failure and adverse effects, respectively; however, these events are rare. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of considering individual genomes for therapeutic genome-editing applications for the design and evaluation of CRISPR-based therapies to minimize risk of treatment failure and/or adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals Identification of the Wheat Curl Mite as the Vector of the High Plains Virus of Corn and Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas L. Seifers ◽  
Tom L. Harvey ◽  
T. J. Martin ◽  
Stanley G. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Serological Relationship ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella

Wheat with virus-like symptoms (extracts containing a 33-kDa protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, negative in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to wheat streak mosaic virus, and not infectious in a backassay to other wheat) reacted positively to antiserum made against a protein purified from symptomatic corn infected with the High Plains virus (HPV), indicating a serological relationship between the corn and wheat pathogens. The wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella Keifer) was identified as the vector of the virus and caused persistent infection of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in greenhouse experiments. The HPV was recovered in the field from naturally infected wheat where the number of HPV-infected plants decreased with increasing distance from the WCM source in volunteer wheat.

Molecular markers indicate that the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, may represent a species complex in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carew ◽  
M. Schiffer ◽  
P. Umina ◽  
A. Weeks ◽  
A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tosichella ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Mitochondrial 16S Rrna Gene

AbstractThe wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella Keifer, is an eriophyoid pest of cereals, and the vector responsible for transmitting wheat streak mosaic virus. Several authors have suggested cryptic species of this mite identified through morphological variation, but this has never been conclusively demonstrated. Here, we use the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and two nuclear markers (internal transcribed spacer 1 and adenine nucleotide translocase) to show that WCM from Australia consists of at least two separate lineages that may represent putative species. In our study, both WCM variants were widespread and the only eriophyoids found on wheat varieties. The WCM variants were also found on alternate host plants, including some plants not known to host WCM. These results have implications for the control of this pest within Australian cereal crops.

scholarly journals Retrotransposon-based genetic variation ofPoa annuapopulations from contrasting climate conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Androsiuk ◽  
Justyna Koc ◽  
Katarzyna Joanna Chwedorzewska ◽  
Ryszard Górecki ◽  
Irena Giełwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Founder Effect ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Antarctic

BackgroundPoa annuaL. is an example of a plant characterized by abundant, worldwide distribution from polar to equatorial regions. Due to its high plasticity and extraordinary expansiveness,P. annuais considered an invasive species capable of occupying and surviving in a wide range of habitats including pioneer zones, areas intensively transformed by human activities, remote subarctic meadows and even the Antarctic Peninsula region.MethodsIn the present study, we evaluated the utility of inter-primer binding site (iPBS) markers for assessing the genetic variation ofP. annuapopulations representing contrasting environments from the worldwide range of this species. The electrophoretic patterns of polymerase chain reaction products obtained for each individual were used to estimate the genetic diversity and differentiation between populations.ResultsiPBS genotyping revealed a pattern of genetic variation differentiating the six studiedP. annuapopulations characterized by their different climatic conditions. According to the analysis of molecular variance, the greatest genetic variation was recorded among populations, whereas 41.75% was observed between individuals within populations. The results of principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and model-based clustering analysis showed a clear subdivision of analyzed populations. According to PCoA, populations from Siberia and the Kola Peninsula were the most different from each other and showed the lowest genetic variability. The application of STRUCTURE software confirmed the unique character of the population from the Kola Peninsula.DiscussionThe lowest variability of the Siberia population suggested that it was subjected to genetic drift. However, although demographic expansion was indicated by negative values of Fu’sFSstatistic and analysis of mismatch distribution, it was not followed by significant traces of a bottleneck or a founder effect. For the Antarctic population, the observed level of genetic variation was surprisingly high, despite the observed significant traces of bottleneck/founder effect following demographic expansion, and was similar to that observed in populations from Poland and the Balkans. For the Antarctic population, the multiple introduction events from different sources are considered to be responsible for such an observation. Moreover, the results of STRUCTURE and PCoA showed that theP. annuafrom Antarctica has the highest genetic similarity to populations from Europe.ConclusionsThe observed polymorphism should be considered as a consequence of the joint influence of external abiotic stress and the selection process. Environmental changes, due to their ability to induce transposon activation, lead to the acceleration of evolutionary processes through the production of genetic variability.

scholarly journals Seasonal Population Abundance of Bactrocera Dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Selected Districts of Northern KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Simphiwe Mnguni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Seasonal Population

The fruitfly Bactrocera dorsalis is an economically important pest that requires management for the sustainability of agriculture in South Africa. This pest has spread from the country's Northern parts within a decade, where it has completely established and spread to other neighbouring provinces. The pest spreads at various rates due to different factors given biotic and abiotic factors. Understanding factors that influence pest prevalence will assist with practical management strategies. Temperature is one of the factors that assist the invasive potential of B. dorsalis. KwaZulu Natal province is among the hotspot provinces in the country besides Limpopo and Mpumalanga. Trap catches in Northern KwaZulu Natal, uMkhanyakude and King Cetshwayo districts show that the seasonal populations of B. dorsalis are continuously present all year round, even with the application of management options to reduce pest populations. Host availability plays a significant role in the invasion and total outcompeting of other native fruitflies e.g. Ceratitis punctata.

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