scholarly journals Screening of core filter layer for the development of respiratory mask to combat COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokesh K. Pandey ◽  
Virendra V. Singh ◽  
Pushpendra K. Sharma ◽  
Damayanti Meher ◽  
Utpal Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
Breathing Resistance ◽  
Polypropylene Melt ◽  
The Right ◽  
Filter Layer ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe severe outbreak of respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 has increased the significant demand of respiratory mask and its use become ubiquitous worldwide to control this unprecedented respiratory pandemic. The performance of a respiratory mask depends on the efficiency of the filter layer which is mostly made of polypropylene melt blown non-woven (PP-MB-NW). So far, very limited characterization data are available for the PPE-MB-NW in terms to achieve desired particulate filtration efficiency (PFE) against 0.3 µm size, which are imperative in order to facilitate the right selection of PP-MB-NW fabric for the development of mask. In present study, eight different kinds of PP-MB-NW fabrics (Sample A–H) of varied structural morphology are chosen. The different PP-MB-NW were characterized for its pore size and distribution by mercury porosimeter and BET surface area analyzer was explored first time to understand the importance of blind pore in PFE. The PP-MB-NW samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy so as to know the surface morphology. The filtration efficiency, pressure drop and breathing resistance of various PP-MB-NW fabric samples are investigated in single and double layers combination against the particle size of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 µm. The samples which are having low pore dia, high solid fraction volume, and low air permeability has high filtration efficiency (> 90%) against 0.3 µm particle with high pressure drop (16.3–21.3 mm WC) and breathing resistance (1.42–1.92 mbar) when compared to rest of the samples. This study will pave the way for the judicial selection of right kind of filter layer i.e., PP-MB-NW fabric for the development of mask and it will be greatly helpful in manufacturing of mask in this present pandemic with desired PFE indicating considerable promise for defense against respiratory pandemic.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on the Structure and Filtration Performance of Polypropylene Melt-Blown Nonwovens

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Cheng ◽  
Alam S. M. Muhaiminul ◽  
Zhonghua Yue ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yuanxiang Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Filtration Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Polypropylene Melt ◽  
Filtration Properties

AbstractBy applying the simultaneous corona-temperature treatment, the effect of electret temperature on the structure and filtration properties of melt-blown nonwovens was investigated. Fiber diameter, pore size, thickness, areal weight, porosity, crystallinity, filtration efficiency, and pressure drop were evaluated. The results demonstrated that some changes occurred in the structure of electret fabrics after treatment under different temperatures. In the range of 20°C~105°C, the filtration efficiency of melt-blown nonwovens has a relationship with the change in crystallinity, and the pressure drop increased because of the change in areal weight and porosity. This work may provide a reference for further improving filtration efficiency of melt-blown nonwovens.

scholarly journals Development of Flexi/Dual Winding System

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000
Author(s):  
Pragnya Sanjiv Kanade
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Lower Pressure ◽  
Electronic Filter ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
End Uses

A string wound cartridge can be produced on a Random or Precision winding system. Both of them have certain disadvantages, making them unsuitable for applications like dyeing and filtration. Winders designed to operate on the step precision principle could be a solution to the above mentioned issues. Commercial winders working on step precision winding principles are available in the market. They are recommended by manufacturers when packages for dyeing are to be produced but commercial, electronically controlled filter winders on dual principle are rare to find. It was thought of applying step precision winding principles to produce wound cartridges for filtration end uses with the intention of improving their performance. This paper describes improvement in the existing electronic filter winder so that it can be operated on dual principle. This system allows programmable selection of traverse/wind ratio so that it gets changed automatically step wise. Compared to mechanical systems, it is less complicated, there is ease of changeover, is more flexible, and also offers choice of operating mode. Beside this, it was possible to produce graded cartridges successfully showing better filtration efficiency and lower pressure drop.

PROBLEM ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL NORMS OF PROTECTION OF THE VICTIMS FROM CRIME

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Яна Валерьевна Самиулина
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Selection Of

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка исследовать отдельные проблемные аспекты института потерпевшего в российском уголовном процессе. В этих целях подвергнуты анализу правовые нормы, регламентирующие его процессуальный статус. Раскрываются отдельные пробелы уголовно-процессуального законодательства в сфере защиты законных прав и интересов потерпевшего. Автор акцентирует внимание на том, что совершенствование уголовно-процессуального законодательства в части расширения правомочий потерпевшего по отстаиванию своих нарушенных преступлением прав следует продолжить. На основании проведенного исследования действующего законодательства в части регламентации прав потерпевшего от преступления предлагается расширить перечень получаемых им копий постановлений, указанных в п. 13 ч. 2 ст. 42 УПК РФ. Автор предлагает включить в перечень указанной законодательной нормы право получения потерпевшим копии постановления об избрании конкретного вида меры пресечения, избранного в отношении подозреваемого (обвиняемого). Для создания действенного механизма защиты интересов потерпевших от преступления юридических лиц предлагаем ч. 9 ст. 42 УПК РФ изложить в следующей редакции: «в случае признания потерпевшим юридического лица его процессуальное право в уголовном процессе осуществляет представляющий его профессиональный адвокат». This article attempts to investigate certain problematic aspects of the institution of the victim in the Russian criminal process. For this purpose, analyzed the individual norms governing his procedural status. Separate gaps of the criminal procedure legislation in the sphere of protection of the legal rights and interests of the victim are disclosed. The author emphasizes that the improvement of the criminal procedure legislation in terms of the extension of the victim’s authority to defend his rights violated by the crime should be continued. On the basis of the study of the current legislation regarding the regulation of the rights of the victim of a crime, it is proposed to expand the list of decisions received by him, referred to in paragraph 13, part 2 of article 42 Code of Criminal Procedure. The author proposes to include in the list of the indicated legislative norm the right to receive the victim a copy of the decision on the selection of a specific type of preventive measure, selected in relation to the suspect (accused). To create an effective mechanism for protecting the interests of legal entities victims of a crime, we offer part 9 of art. 42 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation shall be reworded as follows: «if a legal entity is recognized as a victim, his procedural right in criminal proceedings is exercised by the professional lawyer representing him».

scholarly journals The Impact of Alkaloid-Producing Epichloë Endophyte on Forage Ryegrass Breeding: A New Zealand Perspective

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Colin Eady
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

For 30 years, forage ryegrass breeding has known that the germplasm may contain a maternally inherited symbiotic Epichloë endophyte. These endophytes produce a suite of secondary alkaloid compounds, dependent upon strain. Many produce ergot and other alkaloids, which are associated with both insect deterrence and livestock health issues. The levels of alkaloids and other endophyte characteristics are influenced by strain, host germplasm, and environmental conditions. Some strains in the right host germplasm can confer an advantage over biotic and abiotic stressors, thus acting as a maternally inherited desirable ‘trait’. Through seed production, these mutualistic endophytes do not transmit into 100% of the crop seed and are less vigorous than the grass seed itself. This causes stability and longevity issues for seed production and storage should the ‘trait’ be desired in the germplasm. This makes understanding the precise nature of the relationship vitally important to the plant breeder. These Epichloë endophytes cannot be ‘bred’ in the conventional sense, as they are asexual. Instead, the breeder may modulate endophyte characteristics through selection of host germplasm, a sort of breeding by proxy. This article explores, from a forage seed company perspective, the issues that endophyte characteristics and breeding them by proxy have on ryegrass breeding, and outlines the methods used to assess the ‘trait’, and the application of these through the breeding, production, and deployment processes. Finally, this article investigates opportunities for enhancing the utilisation of alkaloid-producing endophytes within pastures, with a focus on balancing alkaloid levels to further enhance pest deterrence and improving livestock outcomes.

Compressed acoustic sealing foam optimization investigation using statistical approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 4955-4961
Author(s):  
Mathieu Gontier ◽  
Barbara Romeyns
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Industrial Equipment ◽  
Acoustic Performance ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
Sealing Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

In industry segments such as automotive and industrial equipment the use of compressed porous materials is well known to improve the global acoustic performance of the complete system. Such porous materials should be designed in a specific way in order to reach a significant acoustic sealing performance at different compression rates. Unfortunately, there are no standard measurement procedures nor predefined material characteristics that allow the selection of the right material with the optimal acoustic performance. The main goal of this research is to link acoustic performance of compressed porous materials with intrinsic material characteristics using statistical techniques.

A Spectral Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Objective Prototype Selection

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Dong ◽  
Alice M. Agogino
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Spectral Optimization ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract In design synthesis, engineering prototypes make an ideal representation medium for preliminary designs. Unlike parametric design wherein a pre-specified design is parametrically varied, design synthesis demands artistic creativity and engineering experience to transform the previously known components, relationships and designs into a new form. The process compels the designer to ascertain which prototypes will, in some sense, best satisfy the design task. The challenge in this assignment lies in selecting the “right” design prototype. This selection process typically entails an objective evaluation of different designs that perform the same functions or have similar intended behavior and comparing trade-offs between alternate designs. This paper introduces a multi-objective spectral optimization algorithm for the selection of design prototypes based upon their functional representations. The optimization algorithm returns an index of rank, scoring the functional similarity of the proposed design to the goal design. Two illustrative examples apply the algorithm to the selection of a heat fin and beam.

Prophylaxis of obstetric and perinatal pathology at women with pathological increase of body weight during pregnancy

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-79
Author(s):  
S.Yu. Vdovichenko ◽  
◽  
T.D. Fakhrutdinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Perinatal Pathology ◽  
Fetoplacental Complex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

The objective: depression of obstetric and perinatal complications at pregnant women with pathological increase of body weight during pregnancy on the basis of studying of clinical-functional, endocrinologic, metabolic, morphological features of condition of fetoplacental complex and development of advanced algorithm of treatment-and-prophylactic actions. Materials and methods. We conducted examination of 264 patients who consisted on the account concerning pregnancy in female consultations of Kiev. By a method of selection of 178 women were included in retrospective research and 86 – in prospective. The main group was made by 39 pregnant women with whom led individual discussions, control – 142 women, that received traditional references in female consultation. Results. Use of the algorithm improved by us allows to improve obstetric (decrease of frequency of a preeclampsia by 12.3%; anomalies of a patrimonial deyalnost for 8.4%) and perinatal outcomes (depression of level of an asphyxia at a delivery for 9.4% and post-natal adaptation for 7.8%) deliveries of women with an excessive increase of body weight during pregnancy. Conclusion. The received results grant the right to recommend the algorithm improved by us for wide use in practical health care. Key words: obstetric and perinatal pathology, pathological increase of body weight, prophylaxis.

Cancer Curricula for Secondary Schools: Making the Right Choice

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-602
Author(s):  
Paul E. Pezza
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
American Cancer Society ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

The American Cancer Society has produced and distributed for use in secondary schools a curriculum package entitled Right Choices. This article considers the development, testing, and marketing of the new cancer education program. Of particular interest is the selection of the theoretical perspective, evaluation methodology, and marketing strategy employed in its production, given the direction in which the field of health education is moving and the political context in which the curriculum has emerged. The author concludes that in selecting cancer prevention curricula for the schools, making the right choice may not be as simple as adopting what is available from the American Cancer Society. The case of Right Choices also serves to illuminate concerns about the American Cancer Society raised by others and bolsters the call for an examination of the organization's role in an effort to control cancer.

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