scholarly journals Self-replication of a quantum artificial organism driven by single-photon pulses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Valente
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Thermodynamic Mechanism ◽  
Self Replication

AbstractImitating the transition from inanimate to living matter is a longstanding challenge. Artificial life has achieved computer programs that self-replicate, mutate, compete and evolve, but lacks self-organized hardwares akin to the self-assembly of the first living cells. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics has achieved lifelike self-organization in diverse physical systems, but has not yet met the open-ended evolution of living organisms. Here, I look for the emergence of an artificial-life code in a nonequilibrium physical system undergoing self-organization. I devise a toy model where the onset of self-replication of a quantum artificial organism (a chain of lambda systems) is owing to single-photon pulses added to a zero-temperature environment. I find that spontaneous mutations during self-replication are unavoidable in this model, due to rare but finite absorption of off-resonant photons. I also show that the replication probability is proportional to the absorbed work from the photon, thereby fulfilling a dissipative adaptation (a thermodynamic mechanism underlying lifelike self-organization). These results hint at self-replication as the scenario where dissipative adaptation (pointing towards convergence) coexists with open-ended evolution (pointing towards divergence).

5. Robots and artificial life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Life ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Programming ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Self Organizing

Artificial life (A-Life) models biological systems. Like AI, it has both technological and scientific aims. ‘Robots and artificial life’ explains that A-Life is integral to AI, because all the intelligence we know about is found in living organisms. AI technologists turn to biology in developing practical applications of many kinds, including robots, evolutionary programming, and self-organizing devices. Robots are quintessential examples of AI, having high visibility and being hugely ingenious—and very big business, too. Evolutionary AI, although widely used, is less well known. Self-organizing machines are even less familiar. Nevertheless, in the quest to understand self-organization, AI has been as useful to biology as biology has been to AI.

Self-Organization and Peirce’s Notion of Communication and Semiosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
João Queiroz ◽  
Angelo Loula
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Artificial Life ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Central Control ◽  
Local Interactions ◽  
Global Pattern ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Systemic Process ◽  
Self Organizing

Semiosis can be described as an emergent self-organizing process in a complex system of distributed sign users interacting locally and mutually affecting each other. Contextually grounded, semiosis is characterized as a pattern that emerges through the cooperation between agents in a communication act, which concerns an utterer, a sign, and an interpreter. Some implications of this approach are explored in the context of Artificial Life experimental protocols. To model communication as a self-organized process, the authors create a scenario to investigate a potentially self-organizing dynamic of communication, via local interactions. According to the results, a systemic process (symbol-based communication) emerges as a global pattern (a common repertoire of signs) from local interactions, without any external or central control.

scholarly journals Self-Organized Translational Wheeling Motion in Stochastic Self-Assembling Modules

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Miyashita ◽  
Kohei Nakajima ◽  
Zoltán Nagy ◽  
Rolf Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Shape Difference ◽  
Magnetic Attraction ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Organization Process ◽  
And Behavior

Self-organization is a phenomenon found in biomolecular self-assembly by which proteins are spontaneously driven to assemble and attain various functionalities. This study reports on self-organized behavior in which distributed centimeter-sized modules stochastically aggregate and exhibit a translational wheeling motion. The system consists of two types of centimeter-sized water-floating modules: a triangular-shaped module that is equipped with a vibration motor and a permanent magnet (termed the active module), which can quasi-randomly rove around; and circular modules that are equipped with permanent magnets (termed passive modules). In its quasi-random movement in water, the active module picks up passive modules through magnetic attraction. The contacts between the modules induce a torque transfer from the active module to the passive modules. This results in rotational motion of the passive modules. As a consequence of the shape difference between the triangular module and the circular module, the passive modules rotate like wheels, being kept on the same edges as the active module. The motion of the active module is examined, as well as the characteristics and behavior of the self-organization process.

scholarly journals Metabolic constraints drive self-organization of specialized cell groups

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sriram Varahan ◽  
Adhish Walvekar ◽  
Vaibhhav Sinha ◽  
Sandeep Krishna ◽  
Sunil Laxman
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Pathway Activity ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Activity State

How phenotypically distinct states in isogenic cell populations appear and stably co-exist remains unresolved. We find that within a mature, clonal yeast colony developing in low glucose, cells arrange into metabolically disparate cell groups. Using this system, we model and experimentally identify metabolic constraints sufficient to drive such self-assembly. Beginning in a uniformly gluconeogenic state, cells exhibiting a contrary, high pentose phosphate pathway activity state, spontaneously appear and proliferate, in a spatially constrained manner. Gluconeogenic cells in the colony produce and provide a resource, which we identify as trehalose. Above threshold concentrations of external trehalose, cells switch to the new metabolic state and proliferate. A self-organized system establishes, where cells in this new state are sustained by trehalose consumption, which thereby restrains other cells in the trehalose producing, gluconeogenic state. Our work suggests simple physico-chemical principles that determine how isogenic cells spontaneously self-organize into structured assemblies in complimentary, specialized states.

Patterns and pathways in nanoparticle self-organization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
MO Blunt ◽  
A. Stannard ◽  
E. Pauliac-Vaujour ◽  
CP Martin ◽  
Ioan Vancea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Nanoparticle Arrays ◽  
Electron Conduction ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Nanoparticle Superlattices ◽  
The Relationship

This article reviews relatively recent forms of self-assembly and self-organization that have demonstrated particular potential for the assembly of nanostructured matter, namely biorecognition and solvent-mediated dynamics. It first considers the key features of self-assembled and self-organized nanoparticle arrays, focusing on the self-assembly of nanoparticle superlattices, the use of biorecognition for nanoparticle assembly, and self-organizing nanoparticles. It then describes the mechanisms and pathways for charge transport in nanoparticle assemblies, with particular emphasis on the relationship between the current–voltage characteristics and the topology of the lattice. It also discusses single-electron conduction in nanoparticle films as well as pattern formation and self-organization in dewetting nanofluids.

scholarly journals Quantum dissipative adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Valente ◽  
Frederico Brito ◽  
Thiago Werlang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Solvable Model ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Informational Entropy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Photon Pulse ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Thermodynamic Mechanism

AbstractDissipative adaptation is a general thermodynamic mechanism that explains self-organization in a broad class of driven classical many-body systems. It establishes how the most likely (adapted) states of a system subjected to a given drive tend to be those following trajectories of highest work absorption, followed by dissipated heat to the reservoir. Here, we extend the dissipative adaptation phenomenon to the quantum realm. We employ a fully-quantized exactly solvable model, where the source of work on a three-level system is a single-photon pulse added to a zero-temperature infinite environment, a scenario that cannot be treated by the classical framework. We find a set of equalities relating adaptation likelihood, absorbed work, heat dissipation and variation of the informational entropy of the environment. Our proof of principle provides the starting point towards a quantum thermodynamics of driven self-organization.

scholarly journals Self-organization: the fundament of cell biology

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1747) ◽  
pp. 20170103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Wedlich-Söldner ◽  
Timo Betz
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Dissipative Systems ◽  
Constant Input ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Collective Interactions

Self-organization refers to the emergence of an overall order in time and space of a given system that results from the collective interactions of its individual components. This concept has been widely recognized as a core principle in pattern formation for multi-component systems of the physical, chemical and biological world. It can be distinguished from self-assembly by the constant input of energy required to maintain order—and self-organization therefore typically occurs in non-equilibrium or dissipative systems. Cells, with their constant energy consumption and myriads of local interactions between distinct proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids, represent the perfect playground for self-organization. It therefore comes as no surprise that many properties and features of self-organized systems, such as spontaneous formation of patterns, nonlinear coupling of reactions, bi-stable switches, waves and oscillations, are found in all aspects of modern cell biology. Ultimately, self-organization lies at the heart of the robustness and adaptability found in cellular and organismal organization, and hence constitutes a fundamental basis for natural selection and evolution. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Self-organization in cell biology’.

scholarly journals Tripeptide Self-Assembly into Bioactive Hydrogels: Effects of Terminus Modification on Biocatalysis

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Marina Kurbasic ◽  
Ana M. Garcia ◽  
Simone Viada ◽  
Silvia Marchesan
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
The Future ◽  
Bio Material ◽  
Supramolecular Catalysts

Bioactive hydrogels based on the self-assembly of tripeptides have attracted great interest in recent years. In particular, the search is active for sequences that are able to mimic enzymes when they are self-organized in a nanostructured hydrogel, so as to provide a smart catalytic (bio)material whose activity can be switched on/off with assembly/disassembly. Within the diverse enzymes that have been targeted for mimicry, hydrolases find wide application in biomaterials, ranging from their use to convert prodrugs into active compounds to their ability to work in reverse and catalyze a plethora of reactions. We recently reported the minimalistic l-His–d-Phe–d-Phe for its ability to self-organize into thermoreversible and biocatalytic hydrogels for esterase mimicry. In this work, we analyze the effects of terminus modifications that mimic the inclusion of the tripeptide in a longer sequence. Therefore, three analogues, i.e., N-acetylated, C-amidated, or both, were synthesized, purified, characterized by several techniques, and probed for self-assembly, hydrogelation, and esterase-like biocatalysis. This work provides useful insights into how chemical modifications at the termini affect self-assembly into biocatalytic hydrogels, and these data may become useful for the future design of supramolecular catalysts for enhanced performance.

scholarly journals Ferro-self-assembly: magnetic and electrochemical adaptation of a multiresponsive zwitterionic metalloamphiphile showing a shape-hysteresis effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
Stefan Bitter ◽  
Moritz Schlötter ◽  
Markus Schilling ◽  
Marina Krumova ◽  
Sebastian Polarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Dynamic Light Scattering ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Hysteresis Effect ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Optical Birefringence

The self-organization properties of a stimuli responsive amphiphile can be altered by subjecting the paramagnetic oxidized form to a magnetic field of 0.8 T and monitored in real time by coupling optical birefringence with dynamic light scattering.

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