scholarly journals Self-sealing hyaluronic acid-coated 30-gauge intravitreal injection needles for preventing vitreous and drug reflux through needle passage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngsub Eom ◽  
Soomi Kim ◽  
Jungah Huh ◽  
Mi Young Koh ◽  
Jin Young Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Factor Α

AbstractSelf-sealing hyaluronic acid (HA)-coated self-sealing 30-gauge needles exhibiting instant leakage prevention of intravitreal humor and injected drug were developed in this study. Ninety New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. We assessed dye regurgitation in intravitreal ICG dye injections using HA-coated needles (HA needle group) and conventional needles (control group). Vitreous humor levels of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were compared between groups one, three, and seven days after intravitreal bevacizumab (0.016 mL) injections. Expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humor and vitreous humor, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-8, were compared between HA needle, control, and normal (in which intravitreal injection was not performed) groups following 12 intravitreal injections over a period of one week. In the HA needle group, HA remained at the injection site and blocked the hole after intravitreal injection. Dye regurgitation occurred significantly less frequently in the HA needle group (16.7%) than the control group (55.6%) after intravitreal ICG dye injection. Meanwhile, vitreous anti-VEGF levels were markedly higher in the HA needle group than the control group one and three days after intravitreal bevacizumab injections. After 12 intravitreal injections, expression levels of aqueous and vitreous IL-8 significantly increased in the control group compared to the HA needle and normal groups. Conversely, there were no significant differences in the expression of the other seven cytokines among the three groups. Intravitreal injections using HA-coated self-sealing 30-gauge needles can block the outflow of vitreous humor and drugs through the needle passage.

scholarly journals The Effects of Intravitreal Agents on Systemic Vascular Diseases in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Ozmen ◽  
burçin çakır ◽  
nilgün özkan aksoy ◽  
erkan çelik ◽  
yeşim güzey aras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose: To assess the risk for cerebrovascular desease (CVD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetic patients who were treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and compare the rates of CVD and CAD with diabetic controls. Methods: A retrospective chart review of diabetic patients was performed. The need for intravitreal injection and type of agent were noted. If clinically significant or center-involving diabetic macular edema (DME) were determined, intravitreal anti-VEGF agents were used. The CVD and/or CAD occurred within 6 months of the intravitreal injection were accepted as the main outcomes of the study. The records of diabetic patients who were followed up but not needed intravitreal injections were accepted as the control group of the study. Comparisons between these groups were performed.Results: The number of patients enrolled in the study was 9751 (5243 female, 4508 male patients). Of these patients, 1261 patients were received various intravitreal injections. Patients who had CVD history were divided into two groups according to whether they received intravitreal injection or not. There was statistically significant difference between these groups in terms of CVD history (p<0,001). There was statistically significant difference in the hazard of CVD between different anti-VEGF treatments (p<0,001). Patients who had CAD history were divided into two groups according to whether they received intravitreal injection or not. There was no statistically significant difference between these groups in terms of CAD history (p=0,31). Discussion: The risk for CVD was seen to increase with the intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment in diabetic patients. The rate of CVD was higher in patients who received intravitreal bevacizumab treatment.

scholarly journals Intravitreal brimonidine inhibits form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifang Yang ◽  
Junshu Wu ◽  
Defu Wu ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
Tan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
Administration Methods

Abstract Background The use of ocular hypotensive drugs has been reported to attenuate myopia progression. This study explores whether brimonidine can slow myopia progression in the guinea pig form-deprivation (FD) model. Methods Three-week-old pigmented male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) underwent monocular FD and were treated with 3 different methods of brimonidine administration (eye drops, subconjunctival or intravitreal injections). Four different concentrations of brimonidine were tested for intravitreal injection (2 μg/μL, 4 μg/μL, 20 μg/μL, 40 μg/μL). All treatments continued for a period of 21 days. Tonometry, retinoscopy, and A-scan ultrasonography were used to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error and axial length (AL), respectively. On day 21, guinea pigs were sacrificed for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen for associated transcriptomic changes. Results The myopia model was successfully established in FD animals (control eye vs. FD eye, respectively: refraction at day 20, 0.97 ± 0.18 D vs. − 0.13 ± 0.38 D, F = 6.921, P = 0.02; AL difference between day 0 and day 21, 0.29 ± 0.04 mm vs. 0.45 ± 0.03 mm, F = 11.655, P = 0.004). Among the 3 different brimonidine administration methods, intravitreal injection was the most effective in slowing myopia progression, and 4 μg/μL was the most effective among the four different concentrations of brimonidine intravitreal injection tested. The AL and the refraction of the brimonidine intravitreal injection group was significantly shorter or more hyperopic than those of other 2 groups. Four μg/μL produced the smallest difference in AL and spherical equivalent difference values. FD treatment significantly increased the IOP. IOP was significantly lower at 1 day after intravitreal injections which was the lowest in FD eye of intravitreal injection of brimonidine. At day 21, gene expression analyses using RNA-seq showed upregulation of Col1a1 and Mmp2 expression levels by intravitreal brimonidine. Conclusions Among the 3 different administration methods, intravitreal injection of brimonidine was the most effective in slowing myopia progression in the FD guinea pig model. Intravitreal brimonidine at 4 μg/μL significantly reduced the development of FD myopia in guinea pigs. Expression levels of the Col1a1 and Mmp2 genes were significantly increased in the retinal tissues of the FD-Inj-Br group.

scholarly journals Outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab injection without pre and postoperative antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Shrestha ◽  
Pratap Karki ◽  
Sagun Narayan Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection ◽  
Retinal Pathologies ◽  
Bevacizumab Injection

Abstract Backgound Intravitreal injections are the most common treatment modality for several retinal pathologies. Despite endophthalmitis being the most feared complication, antibioprophylaxis remains controversial in intravitreal injections.Methods This was a retrospective study done for a period of 2 years from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018 in BPKLCOS among patients receiving intravitreal bevacizumab. The intravitreal injection was given by a single surgeon. It included 503 eyes which received intravitreal bevacizumab over a period of 2 years without pre and postoperative antibiotics.Results Out of 503 eyes studied over a period of 2 years without antibiotic prophylaxis the rate of endophthalmitis was 0.0019% which is very low compared to the other studies with rate of endophthalmitis between 0.019-0.09%.Conclusion The rate of endophthalmitis doesn’t increase after giving intravitreal injections without the use of preoperative/postoperative prophylactic antibiotics. Intravitreal injection can be given safely without pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics. Trial Registration not applicable as it is a retrospective study.

scholarly journals Morchella importuna Flavones Improve Intestinal Integrity in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Challenged Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyin Xu ◽  
Liyuan Xie ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Xiaolan He ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Edible Fungus ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Morchella Importuna

Morchella importuna, as an edible fungus, has various health benefits. However, the effects of M. importuna on intestinal health are rarely investigated. Hence, this study aims to ascertain the influences of flavones from the fruiting bodies of M. importuna (hereinafter abbreviated as MIF) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced damage to intestinal epithelial barrier in C57BL/6J mice. In this (14-day) study, 144 C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: (1) Control; (2) DSS treatment; (3) DSS treatment + 100 mg/kg MIF (LMIF); (4) DSS treatment + 200 mg/kg MIF (HMIF). On days 8-14, mice in the challenged groups were challenged with 3.5% DSS, while the control group received an equal volume of normal saline. Then, serum and intestinal samples were obtained from all mice. The results showed that MIF ingestion enhanced intestinal integrity in DSS-challenged mice, as evinced by the elevated (p &lt; 0.05) abundances of occludin, claudin-1, and zonula occludens-1 proteins. Meanwhile, MIF ingestion reduced (p &lt; 0.05) the colonic interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentrations and increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and Shannon and Simpson indices in DSS-challenged mice. Moreover, MIF ingestion reduced (p &lt; 0.05) the abundance of phospho-nuclear factor (NF)-κB and increased the abundance of phospho-Nrf2 in DSS-challenged mice. Taken together, MIF protects against intestinal barrier injury in C57BL/6J mice via a mechanism that involves inhibiting NF-κB activation and promoting Nrf2 activation, as well as regulating intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) promotes the regeneration of severe endometrial damage in a rat model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Mei ◽  
Zhang Wuwen ◽  
Liu Dan ◽  
Yan Hua ◽  
Fang Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Paracrine Secretion ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Injury Control

Abstract Background: Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) is a common endometrial disease, which is one of the causes of infertility. Transplantation of stem cells may provide a viable solution for endometrial repair and regeneration. We made a model of severe endometrial injury in rats, transplanted hUCMSCs, and studied the effect of hUCMSCs on endometrial regeneration. Methods: Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, injury control group, MSC1 group and MSC2 group. After 15 days of intervention and transplantation, histological analysis was performed and cytokine messenger RNA expression was measured. Results: The HE staining results showed that the endometrial tissue of the injury control group was significantly damaged, and the endometrial tissues of the MSC1 group and the MSC2 group were improved. We did not detect the expression of keratin and vimentin in the injury control group. However, there was the expression of keratin and vimentin in the MSC1 group and the MSC2 group. The results of Real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA in the normal group and MSC1 group was lower than that of the injury control group (P<0.05).The expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA in the normal group and MSC2 group were higher than that of the injury control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA in the normal group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Transplantation of hUCMSCs promoted the recovery of severe endometrial damage in rats. These findings suggest the effect may be related to the mechanisms of homing and paracrine secretion.

scholarly journals Activation of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisayo Matsuyama ◽  
Takuma Isshiki ◽  
Asako Chiba ◽  
Tetsuo Yamaguchi ◽  
Goh Murayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mait Cells ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Cd69 Expression ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract Although the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is not fully understood, immunological characterization has elucidated highly polarized expression of the type 1 T helper cell response. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate T cells that recognize bacterial riboflavin and rapidly produce cytokines such as interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α. We prospectively evaluated the proportion of MAIT cells and the expression levels of cell surface markers in peripheral blood from 40 sarcoidosis patients and 28 healthy controls. MAIT cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were also examined in 12 sarcoidosis patients. In peripheral blood, the proportion of MAIT cells was lower (P = 0.0002), but the expression levels of CD69 and programmed death 1 on MAIT cells were higher in sarcoidosis patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, CD69 expression levels were significantly correlated with clinical biomarkers. Sarcoidosis patients with parenchymal infiltration in the lungs showed a significantly higher proportion and number of MAIT cells in BALF compared to patients without parenchymal infiltration. CD69 expression levels on MAIT cells in BALF were higher than levels in peripheral blood. The activation status of MAIT cells might reflect the disease activity of sarcoidosis. Therefore, it is a potential target for sarcoidosis treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of β-d-Mannuronic Acid in Animal Model of Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2092003
Author(s):  
Ali N. Kamali ◽  
Haleh Hamedifar ◽  
Nima Sepehri ◽  
Saeed Tahmasebi ◽  
Hosein Miladi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kindling Model ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Factor Α

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) in a rat model of epilepsy. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling model was applied in 30 Wistar rats divided into 3 groups through a total of 14 injections, while the rats in the drug-tested group were treated with M2000. Animals were observed for various seizure stages, delay that the rats developed in stages 2 and 5, and the duration of stage 5 seizures. After the last injection, the animals were euthanized and analysis was conducted in the brain for the various gene expression profiles along with histopathology assessments. Pretreatment of animals with M2000 has significantly accelerated epilepsy outcomes promptly following the first PTZ injection (mean ± standard deviation [SD] for seizure stage in the M2000 group was 3.12 ± 1.55 vs 0.75 ± 1.03 for control, P = 0.004). Notably, the mean (±SD) on the latency phase 2 and 5 seizures was lower in the M2000 group compared with control group (79.4 ± 30.7 vs 133.0 ± 38.4, P < 0.001, and 126.1 ± 27.6 vs 233.3 ± 142.8, P = 0.001, respectively). Finally, the mean (±SD) duration of phase 5 seizures was significantly higher in the M2000 pretreated group compared with control rats (344 ± 54 vs 197 ± 94, P < 0.001). Histological findings on the hippocampus showed no significant differences among all groups. Elevated expression level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and cyclooxygenase-2 was seen in the PTZ-induced kindling group. An elevated expression level of IL-10 was observed in the brains of rats in the M2000 treat group. Our results indicated that rats pretreated with M2000 were predisposed to epilepsy promptly after the first PTZ injection.

scholarly journals Outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab injection without pre and postoperative antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Shrestha ◽  
Pratap Karki ◽  
Sagun Narayan Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection ◽  
Retinal Pathologies ◽  
Bevacizumab Injection

Abstract Backgound Intravitreal injections are the most common treatment modality for several retinal pathologies. Despite endophthalmitis being the most feared complication, antibioprophylaxis remains controversial in intravitreal injections. Methods This was a retrospective study done for a period of 2 years from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018 in BPKLCOS among patients receiving intravitreal bevacizumab. The intravitreal injection was given by a single surgeon. It included 503 eyes which received intravitreal bevacizumab over a period of 2 years without pre and postoperative antibiotics. Results Out of 503 eyes studied over a period of 2 years without antibiotic prophylaxis the rate of endophthalmitis was 0.0019% which is very low compared to the other studies with rate of endophthalmitis between 0.019-0.09%. Conclusion The risk of endophthalmitis was low even without pre/post-operative antibiotics. Intravitreal injection can be given safely without pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics. Trial Registration not applicable as it is a retrospective study.

scholarly journals Outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab injection without pre and postoperative antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Shrestha ◽  
Pratap Karki ◽  
Sagun Narayan Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection ◽  
Retinal Pathologies ◽  
Bevacizumab Injection

Abstract Backgound Intravitreal injections are the most common treatment modality for several retinal pathologies. Despite endophthalmitis being the most feared complication, antibioprophylaxis remains controversial in intravitreal injections. Methods This was a retrospective study done for a period of 2 years from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018 in BPKLCOS among patients receiving intravitreal bevacizumab. The intravitreal injection was given by a single surgeon. It included 503 eyes which received intravitreal bevacizumab over a period of 2 years without pre and postoperative antibiotics. Results Out of 503 eyes studied over a period of 2 years without antibiotic prophylaxis the rate of endophthalmitis was 0.0019% which is very low compared to the other studies with rate of endophthalmitis between 0.019-0.09%. Conclusion The rate of endophthalmitis doesn’t increase after giving intravitreal injections without the use of preoperative/postoperative prophylactic antibiotics. Intravitreal injection can be given safely without pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics. Trial Registration not applicable as it is a retrospective study.

scholarly journals Safety of Intravitreal Injection of Stivant, a Biosimilar to Bevacizumab, in Rabbit Eyes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Lashay ◽  
Hooshang Faghihi ◽  
Ahmad Mirshahi ◽  
Hassan Khojasteh ◽  
Alireza Khodabande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of intravitreal injection of Stivant, a biosimilar to bevacizumab, in rabbits using electrophysiological and histological analysis. Methods: Both eyes of 41 New Zealand albino rabbits were injected with 0.1 mL (2.5 mg) of Stivant. The rabbits were scheduled to be sacrificed 1, 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after injection for histopathological evaluations. Clinical examinations and electroretinography (ERG) were performed at baseline and just before sacrificing the rabbits. Fourteen separate rabbits received a reference drug (Avastin) and were considered as the control group. Furthermore, three other rabbits received the same volume of saline (saline control group). Rabbits of both control groups were sacrificed four weeks after injection. ERG was performed 1, 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after injections. Results: No significant difference was observed in a- and b-wave amplitudes and latency after intravitreal Stivant injection between baseline and different time points. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in wave amplitudes and latency between the Stivant and control groups. The histology of rabbit eyes of the Stivant and control groups after intravitreal injections was not distinguishable. Conclusion: The biosimilar Stivant, up to a dose of 2.5 mg, did not appear to be toxic to the retina in albino rabbits. These results suggest that this drug could be a safe and inexpensive alternative to intravitreal bevacizumab. The efficacy of these injections was not investigated in this study and needs to be evaluated in future studies.

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