There are at least four basic fuel cell thermodynamic features: maximum intrinsic thermal efficiency (electrical efficiency), reversible potential, and two new ones—intrinsic cooling requirement and intrinsic exergetic efficiency. A basic electrochemical thermodynamic analysis of fuel cells using MALT reveals that it is probably for thermodynamic reasons that cooling strategies other than excess oxidant, such as water cooling, have generally been adopted for lower temperature fuel cells such as polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) and phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC). One can mathematically demonstrate that for a simple hybrid system, any fuel cell, any operating temperature, and any pressure, the maximum reversible work is equal to the free energy of reaction at the standard state. This study gives information of new opportunity fuels having increasing importance is all future energy scenarios. The results of this analysis show that ammonia and direct methanol give greater maximum intrinsic thermal efficiency than hydrogen oxidation. From these simple studies alone, one would conclude that the great payoff in terms of theoretical efficiency potential for research is direct carbon fuel cell (DCFT), PEFC, and direct oxidation of methane, intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and simple fuel cell turbine hybrids.
An alkaline direct oxidation glucose fuel cell using three-dimensional structural Au/Ni-foam as catalytic electrodes