scholarly journals Biological protection of spring wheat from root rot in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00034
Author(s):  
Alfia Razina ◽  
Olga Dyatlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Total Seed

We present the results of the trial of the biological drug BisolbiSan (Bacillus subtillis strain H-13, isolated by the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology) for treatment of spring wheat seeds in comparison with the widely popular chemical fungicides Maxim and Maxim Plus in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia in 2016–2018. BisolbiSan contributed to a decrease in total seed contamination by 2.4 times compared to control, which was practically at the level of the chemical fungicide Maxim. Maxim and Maxim Plus oppressed the growth of the sprout and the main germ line, while BisolbiSan stimulated the growth and development of the root system, and did not inhibit the growth of the sprout. The prevalence of root rot in the variant with BisolbiSan was lower compared to control by 54 %, effectiveness of which was not significantly inferior to that of chemical protectants. In comparison with control variant, BisolbiSan increased vitreous content of grain by 16.9 %, the content of crude gluten by 3.9 %, contributed to obtaining a statistically reliable increase in the yield of 0.38 tons per hectare, which did not differ significantly from the increase in the variant with chemical protectants. In our experiment, the payback of 1 ruble of costs when treating seeds with BisolbiSan was 1.7, which is 0.5 and 0.2 rubles higher compared to Maxim and Maxim Plus, respectively. The profitability of the yield increase using BisolbiSan was 70.9 %, which is 54.5 % and 20.6 % more than when using Maxim and Maxim Plus, respectively.

scholarly journals Root rot in new cultivars of spring wheat depending on sowing dates

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. A. Razina ◽  
F. S. Sultanov ◽  
О. G. Dyatlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
New Cultivars

The results of studying resistance of mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars to root rot in the forest-steppe zone of Irkutsk region are presented. The study was conducted in a two-factor field experiment. Factor A – mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars: Tulunskaya 11 (control), Zoryana, Маrsianka, Stolypinka (new cultivars). Factor B – seeding dates: May 10, 20, 30, preceded by fallow. The experimental plot area was 70.0 m2. The experiment was repeated three times. Plot arrangement was randomized. Root rot prevalence was determined during the tillering phase of the crop. In 2018, the sowing dates did not affect the disease due to the long spring-summer drought (May-June) and a higher average daily temperature compared to long-term average values. In arid and cold conditions of May 2019, with the late sowing period (May 30), root rot prevalence was significantly lower than when sowing on May 10 and 20. In 2019, a higher level of the disease was registered than in 2018 by 14.3%. Significant differences in root rot prevalence in both years of research were noted between the control cultivar Tulunskaya 11 and the new cultivars of spring wheat Zoryana and Stolypinka. In the tillering phase of the latter two, disease indicators were lower by 5.6% and 10.5% in 2018, and by 8.8% and 7.9% in 2019, respectively. Маrsianka cultivar was at the control level for this indicator. The best cultivar under study was Stolypinka, which was not only less affected by root rot, but also gave a statistically significant yield increase of 0.16 t/ ha in 2018 and 0.22 t/ha in 2019.

scholarly journals Agrotechnical methods ofreducing root rot for cultivating spring wheat in organic farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01102
Author(s):  
Alfia Razina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
New Varieties

Energy-saving technologies of wheat cultivation limit the buffer role of the agrotechnical method in reducing the spread of root rot. This situation calls for using increased volumes of pesticides in order to decrease harvest losses arising from actions of harmful organisms, which does not allow to produce organic food.Considering this, evaluation of the efficiency of agrotechnical methods of cultivating spring wheat aimed at enhancing phytosanitary conditions of crops is very important. The goal of our work was to evaluate the role of predecessors, methods of soil preparation,organic fertilizers, new varieties of spring wheat, and the timing of planting in limiting the spread and reducing the harmfulness of root rot. Our study has been conducted in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Siberia. We have established that green manure in crop rotationandfallow arable land with introduction of 30 t/ha of organic manure fertilizer with a disc harrow to a depth of 10–12 cmreduce the spread and severity of root rot and increase wheat yields. In the plantings of the new variety of spring wheat Marsianka, the spread of the disease was reliably less,and the yield was higher compared to the control variety Tulunskaya 11. The optimal planting date for the average of two years was May 25, the crops planted then compared to those planted on May 30 were 9.4% less affected by the disease and gave a reliable increase in the harvest of 0.15 tons/ha. Our studies have shown that during production of organic wheat we can limit the spread andharmfulness of root rot withagrotechnical methods.

scholarly journals Taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Fusarium Spp

The taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. of nine varieties of Siberian origin (Altayskaya 70, Altayskaya 75, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16, Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41 and Svirel) cultivated using wheat and fallow as a predecessor, was studied in the area of Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Average incidence of fungal root infection was 24%. In plants grown using wheat as a predecessor, the incidence was statistically significantly (p <0.05) higher than in plants grown using fallow as a predecessor (27.3 versus 20.6%). Statistically significant (p <0.05) differences in the prevalence of root infection were revealed between cultivars. The maximal prevalence (33.3 and 32.3%, respectively) on average for the wheat predecessor and fallow was found for the varieties Svirel and Altayskaya 75, the minimal (16.7%) for the varieties Novosibirskaya 16 and Altayskaya 70. The complex of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots is represented by Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. (31.4, 44.9 and 23.7% of the pathogenic complex on average for varieties and variants, respectively). The composition of pathogens statistically significantly (p <0.01) depends on the predecessor. In the plants cultivated using wheat as a predecessor, the proportion of Alternaria spp. was higher whereas proportions of Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana were lower. No differences in prevalence and taxonomic composition of root infection between varieties originated from Novosibirsk territory, Krasnoyarsk territory and Altay territory were found. Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, ROOT ROT, KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY, FUSARIUM SPP., BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA, ALTERNARIA SPP

scholarly journals The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

scholarly journals Assessment of adaptive capacity of spring wheat lines under conditions of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (1(30)) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
О. А. Демидов ◽  
С. О. Хоменко ◽  
І. В. Федоренко ◽  
Р. М. Близнюк ◽  
Є. А. Кузьменко
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals The quality of spring wheat and barley grain under the influence of protective-stimulating preparations in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
K V Moiseeva ◽  
O V Shulepova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
The Third

Abstract The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the fungicide Lamador and the humic preparation Rostok on the quality of spring wheat and spring barley in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. According to the yield, we found that pre-sowing seeds treatment with Lamador protectant and joint treatment with Rostock contributed to an increase in yield by 0.70 t/ha of spring wheat and 0.15 t/ha of spring barley, in the option with the pre-sowing seeds treatment with Lamador protectant and Rostock preparation by 0.90 t/ha and 0.10 t/ha. The highest yield of spring wheat was noted in the third option – 4.10 t/ha, of spring barley in the second option – 3.52 t/ha. An increase in the thousand kernel weight was noted in the crops under study. The highest thousand kernel weight was observed for spring wheat and spring barley in the third option – 30.2 g and 54.3 g, respectively. The maximum protein content in the spring wheat grain was noted in the third option –13.3%, which is higher than the control option by 1.3%, for spring barley we also noted protein increase by 0.4-0.5%. Thus, the experimental application of the fungicide Lamador together with the preparation Rostok for wheat seeds treatment demonstrated a positive effect of the protectants on plants in the agro-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region and contributed to an increase in crop yield by 28% for spring wheat and 4% for spring barley, which proved the need for their use in the plant protection system, to increase the productivity and quality of the grain obtained.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE-NUTRIENT MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE ALTAI REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
A.V. Yakovlev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

he effect of sowing multiple-nutrient mineral fertilizerapplication on spring wheat crops of the Astrid variety on gray forest soils of the forest-steppe zone was found. The study of the weather conditions of the growing season showed that the total amount of precipitation during the growing season was significantly lower than the average annual -158 mm as compared to 220 mm of the normal. The monthly rainfalls sharply differed from long-term ones; this had a significant impact on the formation of yield and grain quality. The application of NPK fertilizer and ammoni-um-phosphate-sulfate at a rate of 100 kg ha and ammoni-um phosphate fertilizer at a rate of 50 kg ha increased the yield of spring wheat grain by 8-66%, and the gluten con-tent in the variant with ammonium phosphate fertilizer at the level of 26-31% ascompared to 28% in the control. The payback of 1 kg of the primary nutrient of the fertilizers by grain yield gain was the highest against the background of NPK fertilizer and ammonium-phosphate-sulfate -55.0 and 40.8 kg, respectively. The protein content in wheat grain for in all fertilization variants ranged within 13.1-15.2% as compared to 13.7% in the unfertilized variant. The thou-sand-kernel weight as a result of obtaining high gains in the variants of sowing application ranged within 31.1-38.3 g; TKW below the control was in the variants with ammonium phosphate fertilizer and ammonium-phosphate-sulfate -31.1 and 33.4 g. The grain-unit belonged to Class 3 (no less than 730). It has been found that it is agronomically efficient when cultivating soft spring wheat in a temperately moist zone, on more arid years, on gray forest soils, when sowing, to apply NPK fertilizer and ammonium-phosphate-sulfate at a rate of 100 kg ha.

scholarly journals The formation of the crop, sowing qualities and yield properties of spring soft wheat seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilievna Karpova ◽  
Anna Vasilievna Strogonova ◽  
Phedor Petrovich Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Complex Liquid ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of the crop, sowing qualities, yield properties and biochemical composition of seeds of spring soft wheat (Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda variety) under the influence of complex liquid fertilizers with microelements in chelate form in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. The application of mineral fertilizer Megamix increased the number of grains on one plant to 32.9–36.3 units, which exceeded the control by 1.1–4.5 units, or by 3.5–14.1%. The yield of spring wheat from the integrated application of the agrochemical increased to 3.90 t / ha, which is 21.1% higher than the control.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF SOIL TILLAGE AND PLANT PROTECTION OF GRAIN LEGUMES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A.L. Toygildin ◽  
◽  
M.I. Podsevalov ◽  
R.A. Mustafina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Yield Increase

The article presents results of studies of comparative productivity and cultivation economic efficiency of soybeans, peas, lupine and chickpeas, depending on main tillage systems in crop rotation and the level of plant protection from harmful organisms. Grain legumes are capable of forming a seed yield of 2.0 t / ha in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. Three-year experimental studies have shown that the studied leguminous crops can be arranged in the following row according to the yield level: peas - 2.51 t / ha> lupine - 2.12 t / ha> chickpea –2.11 t / ha> soybean - 2.10 t / ha. Evaluation of the effect of soil tillage in cultivation of grain legumes showed a significant yield increase by plowing for 25-27 cm in comparison with tillage for 12-14 cm for all the studied crops, a yield increase for adaptive-integrated plant protection was also noted in comparison with minimum protection (protection only against weeds). Studies show that lupine crops had an advantage in protein content, its yield is from 533 to 802 kg / ha, as for soybeans, protein yield was 449-666 kg / ha, peas - 430-521 kg / ha, and chickpeas - 346-486 kg / ha with the advantage of the mentioned variants. A higher conditional net income was obtained on soybeans (31555-44584 rubles / ha) and chickpeas (27777-40037 rubles / ha), especially on combined tillage in crop rotation. Plant protection systems had an equal impact on economic efficiency of their cultivation; in some variants, adaptively integrated plant protection was less effective

scholarly journals Phytosanitary and economic foundations of melilot in the southern forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Posazhennikov ◽  
E. Iu. Toropova ◽  
О. A. Kazakova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

The research aims at evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of melilot cultivation in the southern forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region. The research was conducted in 2010 – 2016 by means of conventional methods. The biological effects of melilot in treatment of wheat underground organs from root rot was 13.9-38.8% (average 31.3%) in the beginning of growing season; in the end of the growing season it was 32.1-66% (average 43%) in comparison with recultivation of spring wheat. The pathogenic complex of root rot consisted of B. sorokiniana (18.343%) and Fusarium fungi (63.9-81.7%). The authors found out F. gibbosum, F. sporotrichioides,F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum, F. solani.mong fungi among Fusarium. The research revealed domination of Trichoderma fungi among the antagonistic species. The effect of melilot as a fore crop in increasing spring wheat yield was observed as 31-68,7% (average 44%) with a simultaneous decrease in Bipolaris sorokiniana grain population and Fusarium fungi in 2 times in comparison with re-cultivation of spring wheat. The authors highlight that economic evaluation of melilot cultivation in the southern forest-steppe of Novosibirsk region is 80.7% profitable in case melilot is grown as a fore crop of spring wheat. IThe authors observed reducing grain costs on 53.4 RUB/ hwt compared to recultivation of wheat. Comprehensive economic assessment of melilot cultivation showed higher profitability caused by sale of honey and haylage harvesting.

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