scholarly journals Farmer Perceptions and Preferences to Shallot Farming Technology Introduction in Grobogan District, Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Dewi Sahara ◽  
Aryana Citra Kusumasari ◽  
Agus Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Farmer Perceptions ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Technology Introduction ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

Farmers commonly use seed bulbs in shallot farming. Therefore it is required to conduct a demonstration plot to promote the technology of true shallot sheet (TSS). The study aims to determine the performance of the newly seedling technique and determine the perceptions and preferences of farmers towards shallot farming, in Padang Village, Tanggungharjo Sub- District, Grobogan District, in September - November 2018. The study used a demonstration plot of shallot farming using seedling and survey methods to the 30 shallots farmers. Financial analysis (BCR and MBCR) was used to determine the performance of shallot farming, while farmers' perceptions and preferences were analyzed descriptively with scoring techniques. The results showed that even though the cost of shallot farming using seedling was higher, it resulted in higher production (BCR 2.76 vs 0.25). The TSS using as planting material against bulbs was also beneficial since the MBCR value was 5.64, implying that the seedling technique was more profitable than seed bulbs using. With these significant results, farmers stated a high perception of shallot farming using seedling, indicated a high level of preference, which is 73.33 - 93.33%. Based on these results, the government should widely disseminate the TSS to shallot farmers.

scholarly journals A cost analysis to address issues of budget constraints on the implementation of the indoor residual spray programme in two districts of Maputo Province, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Canana
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Provider Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background It is frequently said that funding is essential to ensure optimal results from a malaria intervention control. However, in recent years, the capacity of the government of Mozambique to sustain the operational cost of indoor residual spraying (IRS) is facing numerous challenges due to restrictions of the Official Development Assistance. The purpose of the study was to estimate the cost of IRS operationalization in two districts of Maputo Province (Matutuíne and Namaacha) in Mozambique. The evidence produced in this study intends to provide decision-makers with insight into where they need to pay close attention in future planning in order to operationalize IRS with the existent budget in the actual context of budget restrictions. Methods Cost information was collected retrospectively from the provider perspective, and both economic and financial costs were calculated. A “one-way” deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results The average economic costs totaled US$117,351.34, with an average economic cost per household sprayed of US$16.35, and an average economic cost per person protected of US$4.09. The average financial cost totaled US$69,174.83, with an average financial cost per household sprayed and per person protected of US$9.84 and US$2.46, respectively. Vehicle, salary, and insecticide costs were the greatest contributors to overall cost in the economic and financial analysis, corresponding to 52%, 17%, and 13% in the economic analysis and 21%, 27%, and 22% in the financial analysis, respectively. The sensitivity analysis was adapted to a range of ± (above and under) 25% change. There was an approximate change of 14% in the average economic cost when vehicle costs were decreased by 25%. In the financial analysis, the average financial cost was lowered by 7% when salary costs were decreased by 25%. Conclusions Altogether, the current cost analysis provides an impetus for the consideration of targeted IRS operationalization within the available governmental budget, by using locally-available human resources as spray operators to decrease costs and having IRS rounds be correctly timed to coincide with the build-up of vector populations.

Criteria for the Evaluation of Social Policy Effectiveness of States

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
V. Sautkina
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The following article is devoted to the study of current state of national education and healthcare systems. The cost of services in these areas constantly increases, there for even developed countries are forced to make significant efforts in order to maintain earlier achieved results. Due to this reason countries entered into the period of constant reforms with the purpose of maintaining that high level of health and educational services for all segments of population with a constant reduction of its volume of financing. The legal aspects of these changes are requiring manifestation of the will of politicians in order to overcome the opposition of parties which are defending their interests. As an example, the main opponents of the healthcare reforms proposed by Barak Obama in the USA are Republicans who are concerned about a significant increase of a state control over the entire national insurance system. The author comes to the conclusion that only joint actions of the government and every segment of population might actually improve the quality of medical and educational services.

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN RISIKO PADA PELAKSANAAN PROYEK KONSTRUKSI GEDUNG PEMERINTAH DI KOTA DILI – TIMOR LESTE

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio P.M Marques ◽  
I M. Alit K. Salain ◽  
I W. Yansen
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Project Implementation ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Building project as one of the construction services are filled with varying risks during the construction phase of the project implementation. At the stage of the project implementation, risks may arise either the risk of time, cost and those which affect the quality of the project. Therefore, we need to understand the risks at the construction phase and mitigation to the risks to meet in execution of project based on initial planning. The study was conducted to identify the risks in the implementation of construction projects of government buildings by using survey methods that aim to get the opinion of the respondents regarding the risks at implementation of the government building construction projects in the city of Dili - Timor Leste. Further, it was done a risk assessment to determine the major or main risks. Major risk is controlled through mitigation measures and allocation of risks to the parties directly involved in construction projects such as Project Owner, Technical Supervisor, Consultant Design, Consultant Supervision and Contractor. The analysis used in this study is a qualitative analysis. The results showed 64 risks identified in the implementation of construction projects there are 10 government buildings risks (16%) with an unacceptable category, 18 risks (28%) with the undesirable category, 28 risks (44%) with acceptable category and 8 risks (12%) with negligible category. Ownership of major / main risk to the parties directly involved in the implementation of construction projects such as the project owner, technical supervisor, consultant design, consultant supervision and contractors. The project Owner and Technical Supervision (Department of Public Works) is expected to further enhance the ability to manage projects so not throwing responsibility in managing government projects. consultant design and sonsultant supervision to be more careful in design till supervision during the implementation period so as to meet the cost, quality and time planned. Contractors are expected to further improve the performance of the building construction project.

scholarly journals A cost analysis to address issues of budget constraints on the implementation of the indoor residual spray programme in two districts of Maputo Province, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Canana
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Provider Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background It is frequently said that funding is essential to ensure optimal results from a malaria intervention control. However, in recent years, the capacity of the government of Mozambique to sustain the operational cost of Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) is facing numerous challenges due to restrictions of the Official Development Assistance. The purpose of the study was to estimate the cost of IRS operationalization in two districts of Maputo Province (Matutuíne and Namaacha) in Mozambique. The evidence produced in this study intends to provide decision-makers with insight into where they need to pay close attention in future planning in order to operationalize IRS with the existent budget in the actual context of budget restrictions. Methods Cost information was collected retrospectively from the provider perspective, and both economic and financial costs were calculated. A “one-way” deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results The average economic costs totaled US$117,351.34, with an average economic cost per household sprayed of US$16.35, and an average economic cost per person protected of US$4.09. The average financial cost totaled US$69,174.83, with an average financial cost per household sprayed and per person protected of US$9.84 and US$2.46, respectively. Vehicle, salary, and insecticide costs were the greatest contributors to overall cost in the economic and financial analysis, corresponding to 52%, 17%, and 13% in the economic analysis and 21%, 27%, and 22% in the financial analysis, respectively. The sensitivity analysis was adapted to a range of ± (above and under) 25% change. There was an approximate change of 14% in the average economic cost when vehicle costs were decreased by 25%. In the financial analysis, the average financial cost was lowered by 7% when salary costs were decreased by 25%. Conclusion Altogether, the current cost analysis provides an impetus for the consideration of targeted IRS operationalization within the available governmental budget, by using locally-available human resources as spray operators to decrease costs and having IRS rounds be correctly timed to coincide with the build-up of vector populations.

scholarly journals Analisis Manajemen Keuangan pada Usaha Peternakan Kemitraan Ayam Broiler Skala Rakyat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Taufan Daniarta Sukarno
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Operating Cash Flows ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
Plasma Core ◽  
The Cost

Poultry sectors contributed 2,51% of GDRP in the Central Java Province, where Semarangcontributed 1.135.487 kg of Broilers chicken in 2016. Plasma-core partnership is one of the most used business cooperation types amongst the poultry farmers. Classification in poultry business scale divides into 3 classes, which were: Small Scale (≤5.000 heads), Medium Scale (5.001-10.000 heads) and Large Scale (>10.000 head). The purpose of this study is to estimate the operating cashflows and revenue. The benefit of this study is to detect the profits and anticipate losses in poultry farming. This study used Survey methods, location arrangement used purposive sampling and data collected by interviews with the owners. Data analysis used revenue and operating cash flow computation. The results of this study show the net revenue of this poultry farm is IDR.171.488.834, while the operating cash flows are IDR.170.286.117,65. The cost of chicken seedlings purchase and its feed is the most expensive amongst all subjects. Clustering results shows that this poultry was categorized as Small scale poultry, where it’s population is only 4.000 chickens, but are profitable and worthy to expand, and makes it one of the most longest-living poultry farms in the region

scholarly journals ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP PELAYANAN PELABUHAN MUARA ANGKE

LOGISTIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Fadliyah Nurbaya ◽  
Winoto Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Port Transportation

The port has an important role in serving activities in one of the archipelago countries, Indonesia. The availability of services contained in ports for users of port services must be considered by the government which is excepted to be able to try to meet the level of port service performance expected of the high level of satisfaction of users of port service in DKI Jakarta. The policy of the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government in the field of transportation, especially in the department of transportation, the Unit for Management of water and Port Transportation. The services contained in the port that can be directly felt by users of port services are those that are available at the passenger port. One of the passanger ports in DKI Jakarta that is expected to provide a high level of satisfaction is Muara Angke Passanger Port. This research technique uses survey methods for sampling data, analysis of the discussion using descriptive analysis, gap method by calculating the level of suitability and cartesius diagram. As a result, users of port services are still not maximal in providing services in ports such as there is no service to provide information on emergency health care facilities and there is no convenience service for health services aimed at anticipating healt emergencies, so that users of port service immediateky receive help first.

deteriorating situation of the mountain peasantry became a defense problem, did this question of 'rural exchange' receive high priority in the Economic Programme of the government [SPP, 1985]. Agrarian investment in the 1980-84 period was maintained at a high level, equivalent to about half the national total. This was almost exclusively concentrated on the APP: that is, in about half the modern sector or about a quarter of the whole of agriculture. This investment included extensive irrigation works, imports of tractors and combine harvesters, coffee reno-vation, a sugar mill, palm oil plantations, intensive dairy and beef breeding units, as well as the recapitalisation of the new state farms ruined by their previous owners. It formed part of a long-term strategy discussed below and thus did not itself add much to production during the first five years, although it did help compensate declines in the large private production sector. Given the external terms of trade (which had deteriorated by 40 per cent between 1977 and 1983 [CEPAL, 1984]) and the gradual recovery of production, the agricultural sector was not in a position to generate a sufficiently large surplus to finance its own investment. Even though the sector generated three times more exports than it absorbed imports [MIDINRA, 1985], the foreign exchange thus released was needed to maintain basic consumption elsewhere in the economy. Similarly, food supplies over and above the requirements of the agrarian workforce were needed to maintain the rest of the population; there was no significant capital goods sector to absorb these wagegoods [FitzGerald, 1982]. Thus, this investment was basically financed from abroad, initially with long-term development loans from multilateral institutions, but as US agression increased these funds were cut off and replaced by commercial credits from both capitalist and socialist suppliers. This was economically justifiable in that the increment in exports (or substituted imports) would have a compensatory balance of payments effect within a few years. Eventually, however, a net exchange surplus would have to be generated so that agroexports should expand more rapidly than domestic foodstuffs rather than the reverse, as had been the case between 1980 and 1984, when popular living standards had a higher priority than the trade balance. None the less, the major shortcoming of this accumulation model was undoubtedly its almost exclusive concentration on the APP as the focus of modernisation. Large private farmers might not wish to invest, but the middle farmers and the co-operatives were also neglected in machinery assignment, cattle restocking, and irrigation equipment. The political objective of preventing the re-emergence of capitalist accumulation or the reconstruc-tion of a rural bourgeoisie (albeit on a petty scale) appears to have been the main justification. However, the cost in terms of production was high, and in any case such a sector could have been simply controlled through the existing fiscal, banking and commercial mechanisms, let alone the eventual application of the Agrarian Reform laws.

2013 ◽  
pp. 226-229
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Multilateral Institutions ◽  
Major Shortcoming ◽  
The Government ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Political Objective ◽  
High Level ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
The Cost

The introduction of a targeted user-pays approach to funding high-level residential aged care in Australia: an empirical investigation of the impact on price

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Gargett
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn response to predictions that population ageing will increase government spending over the coming decades, in 1997–98, the Australian Government introduced means-tested income fees and accommodation charges for those admitted to nursing homes with income and assets above set threshold levels. Immediately prior, all residents paid the same price for their care and were not required to contribute towards the cost of their accommodation. In addition, in relation to those eligible to pay a higher price, the Government reduced its subsidisation of the cost of their care. The Government anticipated that the initiative would more equitably share the cost of age-related services across the public and private sectors, and result in some cost savings for itself. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the policy on the average price paid by residents. The findings suggest that the policy may have contributed to an increase in the average price paid, but statistical evidence is limited due to a number of data issues. Results also indicate that the rate of increase in the price was greater after theResidential Aged Care Structural Reformpackage was introduced. The study contributes to the economic analysis of the sector by evaluating time series estimates of prices paid by residents since the early 1970s.

scholarly journals OPTIMAL FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICY, DEBT CRISIS, AND MANAGEMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1166-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Cantore ◽  
Paul Levine ◽  
Giovanni Melina ◽  
Joseph Pearlman
Keyword(s):  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Risk Premia ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fiscal And Monetary Policy

The initial government debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio and the government's commitment play a pivotal role in determining the welfare-optimal speed of fiscal consolidation in the management of a debt crisis. Under commitment, for low or moderate initial government debt-to-GDP ratios, the optimal consolidation is very slow. A faster pace is optimal when the economy starts from a high level of public debt implying high sovereign risk premia, unless these are suppressed via a bailout by official creditors. Under discretion, the cost of not being able to commit is reflected into a quick consolidation of government debt. Simple monetary–fiscal rules with passive fiscal policy, designed for an environment with “normal shocks,” perform reasonably well in mimicking the Ramsey-optimal response to one-off government debt shocks. When the government can issue also long-term bonds—under commitment—the optimal debt consolidation pace is slower than in the case of short-term bonds only, and entails an increase in the ratio between long- and short-term bonds.

scholarly journals Technology Sharing and Competitiveness in a Stackelberg Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Junlong Chen ◽  
Zihan Wei ◽  
Jiali Liu ◽  
Xiaosong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Product Differentiation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
Product Heterogeneity ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The existing literature has made great achievements in technology sharing (licensing patents) contracts, which has defects in the selection of oligopoly models, the setting of innovation subjects, the consideration of product heterogeneity, and production costs. This paper aims to reveal the competitiveness strategies of leaders and followers for innovation, technology sharing, and sharing fees in a Stackelberg market. The three-stage sequential game method is used to achieve the objective. The results are as follows. First, whether an enterprise uses innovation or shares technology is related to the fixed cost of innovation, the return on innovation, and product differentiation. It will hinder innovation activities if the fixed cost of innovation is too high, the return on innovation is too low, or the products are too homogeneous. A relatively low return on innovation makes it possible for the two enterprises to engage in sharing. However, with a relatively high return on innovation, only a high level of product differentiation can ensure technology sharing. Second, the optimal sharing fee is dynamic, showing an upward and then downward trend as the return on innovation grows. Product differentiation has an uncertain impact on the cost. Third, either the leader or the follower is likely to be the optimal bearer of social responsibility depending on the returns on innovation and product differentiation. This study has theoretical significance for optimizing technology-sharing decisions, improving competitiveness for enterprises, and formulating effective industrial policy for the government. And it provides some practical guidance for competition and cooperation between enterprises with technological innovation behavior.

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