scholarly journals Rural Transformation in Various Ecosystem in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati ◽  
Ashari ◽  
Tahlim Sudaryanto
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Rural Infrastructure ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
Paddy Ecosystem ◽  
Nonfarm Income

The agricultural and rural sectors in Indonesia have experienced a dynamic transformation. This process of transformation reflected the changes in employment and income structure. This paper analyzes the changes in employment, income structures, and dietary patterns in various ecosystems, namely wetland paddy, dry land secondary, vegetables, and plantation. We use micro panel data collected from 1,155 rural households in 8 provinces, and 33 villages in Java and off-Java in 2007-2012 and 2016 -2018. The results showed that the share of agriculture employment decreased from 89.1 % in 2007 to 56.7 % in 2016 in the wetland paddy ecosystem, and the reverse was true for non-agricultural employment. Household income from agriculture was still dominant but showed a decreasing trend. The share of agriculture income declined; the most significant decline is in the wetland paddy ecosystem. Furthermore, a nonfarm income also tends to increase. Share of cereal consumption expenditure tends to decrease while processed foods and instant drinks tend to grow. For accelerating agricultural and rural transformation, government policy should focus on investment in rural infrastructure, promote labor and land markets, and build capacity building based on the need for a different ecosystem of the rural population.

scholarly journals OPTIMASI POLA TANAM DAN ALOKASI INPUT UNTUK PENINGKATAN KETAHANAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA DI LAHAN PASANG SURUT KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA KALIMANTAN BARAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-224
Author(s):  
Akhmad Musyafak ◽  
. Irham ◽  
Slamet Hartono ◽  
. Jamhari
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Corn Prices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Input Prices

The research was conducted in the district of Kubu Raya which is focused on swamp land. The purpose of this study are (a) optimizing the allocation of cropping pattern and input to achieve household food security and income maximum, (b) to simulate changes in input prices and output and its impact on cropping patterns, household income, and allocation of inputs. Location selected by purposive sampling technique taking into account the typology of land and type of overflow, whereas the primary data collected from farm households by simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed with linear programming and sensitivity analysis. An important result of this study are as follows: (1) Optimal cropping patterns in swamp lands are as follows: (a) the type of SMA / A, paddy field: rice - rice, (b) the type of SMP / A, paddy field: rice - rice, and dry land: coconut, (c) type SMP / B, paddy fields: corn-corn, and dry land: fruit, (d) the type of SMP / C, paddy field: rice-paddy and dry land: coconut, (e) type bergambut / B, wetland : paddy-rice, and dry Ahan: coconut, (f) type bergambut / C, paddy field: rice-paddy and dry land: coconut, (g) the type of peat is / B, the paddy field: rice-paddy, (h ) the type of shallow peat / D, wet land: paddy-rice, and dry land: rubber; (2)  the optimal allocation of inputs consisting of family labor 166.74 day of man work/year,  rent labor 132.74 day of man work/year, seed of paddy 70.54 kg/year, Urea 189.28 kg/year, SP36 94.34 kg/year, KCl 56.35 kg/year, NPK 75.66 kg/year, organic fertilizer 65.99 kg/year, herbicide 8.62 lt/year, dan pesticida 2.29 lt/year; (3) the actual household income of Rp 2,200,000.00 / household / year, if carried out optimization of unconditional “food patterns of national expectations/FPNE” increased to Rp 3,883,234.87 / household / year and if there is a requirement of the FPNE decreased to Rp 1,285,839.37 / household / year. (4) the price of rice and corn prices are most sensitive to fluctuations. If the price of rice rose more than 5% or the price of corn rose more than 50% (cateris paribus) the optimal solution will change. Likewise, if the price of rice fell by more than 34% or corn prices fell more than 9% (cateris paribus) the optimal solution will change. (5) The simulation results show that the rise in input prices and output prices 10% did not alter the optimal solution. But the impact on household income increased by 37.87% (unconditional FPNE), and 114.37% (provided FPNE). Simulated 10% decrease in output price and input prices fixed, it does not alter the optimal solution, but the impact on the decline in household income by 152.15% (unconditional FPNE) and 459.49% (provided FPNE). Keywords: optimize, farm household, swamp area, food security, 

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN DAN KONTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI TERPADU RUMAH TANGGA PETANI PADA LAHAN KERING

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusli Burhansyah ◽  
Azri Azri
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
The Village ◽  
Research Show

Bengkayang district is a district in the province of West Kalimantan have enough upland for agriculture. The village of Sinar Tebudak is dry land potential for the development of food crops, vegetables, crops and livestock. To find out the feasibility of each farm and contribution to the household income required of a research. This study aims to determine the feasibility of the business of commodities grown village Sinar Tebudak and know the sources of income and multiformity contributing to the household income of farmers village Sinar Tebudak. Sinar Research conducted the survey with the method / interviews and PRA. Sampling in take with strata ownership of land. To determine the extentto which each strata in the population represented in the sample used proposional, so the methods used method stratified proportional random sampling. The number of respondents as much as 40 farmers. Collecting data is done by direct interviews with the questionnaire. Results of research show that all the farming system is feasible grown with the value RIC> 1. The agricultural sector still has a major contribution in the household contribute income farmers. Income per capita village Sinar Tebudak already above U.S. $ 1000. Non agricultural sector and other sectors in rural areas is expected to grow well. Development of agro-industries in rural areas will create the market, and production facilities for primary agricultural products.

scholarly journals Rural Nonfarm Employment, Income, and Inequality: Evidence from Bhutan

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Pradyot Ranjan Jena ◽  
Akhter Ali ◽  
Bhagirath Behera ◽  
Nar Bahadur Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Nonfarm Income ◽  
Nonfarm Employment

Using the 2012 Bhutan Living Standard Survey, this paper finds that rural nonfarm activities comprise 60.7% of rural household income in Bhutan and this contribution increases with higher income and education levels. The poor and less educated participate less in the nonfarm sector. When they do, they are self-employed in petty nonfarm activities, which require little investment and little or no skills. Accounting for endogeneity and sample selection issues, we estimate the determinants of participation in nonfarm activities and nonfarm incomes. We find that a household's education and labor supply play an important role in accessing more remunerative nonfarm employment. Interestingly, we find that women play an important role in self-employment in nonfarm activities. Decomposition shows that nonfarm income has a disequalizing effect and farm income has an equalizing effect, indicating the need to increase the endowment of poor households to enable them to access the lucrative rural nonfarm sector. Further decomposition reveals that self-employment in petty nonfarm activities reduces inequality.

scholarly journals PENDAPATAN DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETAMBAK UDANG VANAME EKS PLASMA PT CENTRALPERTIWI BAHARI DESA BRATASENA ADIWARNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Cindy Puri Andini ◽  
Wuryaningsih Dwi Sayekti ◽  
Fembriarti Erry Prasmatiwi
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
Nonfarm Income

This research aims to analyze household income, welfare, and factors that influence the household welfare of vaname cultivators ex-plasma PT Centralpertiwi Bahari. Data of this research was collected in Bratasena Adiwarna village in February 2018. Samples in this research were 70 shrimp cultivators households. Determination of samples with simple random sampling. Primary data was obtained by interviewing respondens, while secondary data was obtained from several related institution. Household income consists of shrimp income, nonshrimp, off-farm and nonfarm income. Household welfare level was analyzed by the Sajogyo criteria and poverty line according to BPS Lampung (2017). The factors that influence household welfare was analyzed by binary logistic regression. The research result showed that the average shrimp income in period I, II, and III were Rp7,986,264; Rp13,868,109; and Rp27,334,963; average household income was Rp64,902,569.00 per year, which was obtained from 70 percent of shrimp income, 10 percent of nonshrimp income, 2 percent of off-farm income, and 18 percent of nonfarm income. The household welfare level based on the Sajogyo indicator showed that 37 percent of household were in moderate and 63 percent were in decent living class, while the BPS poverty line shows that all of households were classified as nonpoor. The level of household welfare of ex-plasma PT Centralpertiwi Bahari was influenced by household income, and household dependents.Key words: income, vaname shrimp cultivator, welfare

scholarly journals RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC FACILITIES PROVISION FOR YOUTH IN MALAYSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasimah Omar ◽  
Kamarul Ariff Omar ◽  
Zuriyati Kamaludin ◽  
Saberi Othman ◽  
Zaharah Mohd Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Rural Infrastructure ◽  
Public Facilities

The national agenda consistently prioritised the rural development and poverty eradications in Malaysia. The Rural Transformation Programme from 2016 till 2020 outlines six focus areas namely, Rural Infrastructure, Youth Development, Economy, Entrepreneurship, Human Capital and Delivery System. Guided by these principles, the strategies and programmes for rural development and poverty eradication have focused on increasing the productivity as well as improving the quality of life. The objective of this research is to evaluate the level of usage and satisfaction towards facilities provided for youth living in the rural areas. The study areas selected are Jengka, Pahang and Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. The variables for the assessment include adequacy ratio, usage satisfaction, accessibility and maintenance of existing public facilities. The results were analysed to measure the level of provision of public facilities provided for the youth who are living in rural areas. It was found that public facilities including multipurpose hall, public library, mosque, temple and church are provided in both study areas. However, their usage among the youth was rather discouraging, except for mosque, musolla and church.

scholarly journals Analisis EKONOMI USAHATANI PADI DAN KELAYAKAN RUMAH TANGGA TANI DI DESA SAMBENG KULON KECAMATAN KEMBARAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Chica Anditia Pratiwi ◽  
Dyah Setyorini Gunawan ◽  
Istiqomah Istiqomah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Nonfarm Income ◽  
Average Contribution

This study aims to analyze the economic efficiency of rice farming and to measure the contribution of rice farming to total household income and to analyze the living standard of farm households in Sambeng Kulon Village, Kembaran Sub-district, Banyumas Regency. The study was conducted in Sambeng Kulon Village, Kembaran Sub-district, Banyumas District. There were 71 farm households selected by stratified random sampling. The analysis used to calculate the economic efficiency of rice farming is R/C ratio. The contribution of paddy farming to farm household income is obtained by dividing the income earned from rice farming by the total household income multiplied by 100 percent. The living standard is measured by calculating the farm household income divided by the number of dependents in order to get percapita income. This figure is then compared to the regency’s current decent living standard. The results of this study indicate that 1) rice farming in Sambeng Kulon village with an area of ​​≤ 0.5 Ha has a smaller profit (IDR2.718.580) compared with respondents who have land area> 0.5 Ha (IDR7.892.904), 2) the average contribution of rice farming income to farm households with landholding of  ​​≤ 0.5 Ha (54,96 percent) is lower than the contribution of rice farming income obtained by respondents with landholding of > 0.5 Ha (77,43 percent), 3) the average income earned by respondents from rice farming (IDR1.624.961,00) is sufficient to meet the average household consumption of IDR 1,379,441.00, and 4) of 71 respondents in Sambeng Kulon Village, 63 respondents live below the decent living standard; after being added with nonfarm income, this figure decreased to 55 respondents. The implication of this research is that the respondents are expected to increase the landholding to increase income earned from rice farming or earn additional nonfarm income so that they can meet household consumption.

scholarly journals ANALISIS EKONOMI USAHATANI PADI DAN KELAYAKAN RUMAH TANGGA TANI DI DESA SAMBENG KULON KECAMATAN KEMBARAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Chica Anditia Pratiwi ◽  
Dyah Setyorini Gunawan ◽  
Istiqomah Istiqomah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Total Household Income ◽  
Nonfarm Income ◽  
Average Contribution

This study aims to analyze the economic efficiency of rice farming and to measure the contribution of rice farming to total household income and to analyze the living standard of farm households in Sambeng Kulon Village, Kembaran Sub-district, Banyumas Regency. The study was conducted in Sambeng Kulon Village, Kembaran Sub-district, Banyumas District. There were 71 farm households selected by stratified random sampling. The analysis used to calculate the economic efficiency of rice farming is R/C ratio. The contribution of paddy farming to farm household income is obtained by dividing the income earned from rice farming by the total household income multiplied by 100 percent. The living standard is measured by calculating the farm household income divided by the number of dependents in order to get percapita income. This figure is then compared to the regency’s current decent living standard. The results of this study indicate that 1) rice farming in Sambeng Kulon village with an area of ​​≤ 0.5 Ha has a smaller profit (IDR2.718.580) compared with respondents who have land area> 0.5 Ha (IDR7.892.904), 2) the average contribution of rice farming income to farm households with landholding of  ​​≤ 0.5 Ha (54,96 percent) is lower than the contribution of rice farming income obtained by respondents with landholding of > 0.5 Ha (77,43 percent), 3) the average income earned by respondents from rice farming (IDR1.624.961,00) is sufficient to meet the average household consumption of IDR 1,379,441.00, and 4) of 71 respondents in Sambeng Kulon Village, 63 respondents live below the decent living standard; after being added with nonfarm income, this figure decreased to 55 respondents. The implication of this research is that the respondents are expected to increase the landholding to increase income earned from rice farming or earn additional nonfarm income so that they can meet household consumption.

scholarly journals Impact of covid-19 on household food security of red rice farmers dry land in gunungkidul regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 04017
Author(s):  
Eka Novri Nur Hasanah ◽  
Lestari Rahayu ◽  
Oki Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Household Food ◽  
The Impact

Red rice is a staple food and is known as germplasm in Gunungkidul Regency. Panggang District is one of the sub-districts that has low productivity in red rice farming. This study aims to determine the contribution of income, food security, and household welfare levels of dry land red rice farmers before Covid-19 and during Covid-19. This research was conducted in Panggang District which was determined purposively. The number of samples taken using the Slovin formula and obtained 100 respondents for sampling using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using quantitative analysis in the form of farmer household income analysis, contribution analysis, food security analysis, and welfare analysis. The results showed that there was an impact during Covid-19 on the contribution of farmers' income which decreased. The level of food security of farmer households also has an impact, during Covid-19 the number of households in the food insecure category has increased. The level of welfare of farmer households measured using two indicators, namely the Purchasing Power of Farmers' Households and the Income Exchange Rate of the Perani Household showed the same results, namely the impact during Covid-19 was seen by the increase in households with the category of not being prosperous.

scholarly journals Diversification on Small Farms: An Empirical Investigation of Panel Data for 2001–10

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 233-249
Author(s):  
Sadia Hussain ◽  
Farah Said
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Land Markets ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
The Impact

Pakistan’s agricultural sector has experienced restructuring over the last decade, from changes in land markets to the move toward nonagricultural labor markets. However, agriculture remains one of the most important sources of livelihood, accounting for 45 percent of the country’s workforce. It is also a key policymaking area, but the role of small farmers in poverty reduction is still being examined. The future of small farms cannot be viewed in isolation, that is, without taking into account their synergies with nonfarm rural activities. We measure the impact of diversifying sources of livelihood on household income and consumption among small farms in rural Pakistan. Using a balanced panel of 2,058 households from the Pakistan Panel Household Survey (2001–10), we find that both consumption and income are (i) significantly higher for households that have diversified their sources of income and (ii) diversified households also plant greater varieties of crops. These results suggest that nonagricultural activities tend to complement agricultural activities with a view to improving welfare in a rural economy.

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