scholarly journals Immersion of grains in a liquid along an inclined plane

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 03016
Author(s):  
Viktor Saitov ◽  
Vyacheslav Farafonov ◽  
Aleksey Saitov ◽  
Rinat Gataullin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Statistical Results ◽  
Sloping Bottom

Grain material delivered from combine harvesters to post-harvest processing points is a mixture of grain, weed and harmful impurities. Toxic ergot sclerotia are among the harmful impurities. Modern grain cleaning machines do not provide the separation of toxic ergot from grain material in one technological process. This is due to the closeness of the most toxic of ergot sclerotia and the of the grain. Ergot sclerotia are less dense than grain. Then the release of ergot from grain in one technological process is possible in an aqueous solution of salt. To develop a device for cleaning grain material by density in a liquid, practical experiments were carried out to supply grains of winter rye varieties Falenskaya 4 with a moisture content of 14% to an inclined plate placed in water. This plate mimicked the sloping bottom of an ergot seed separator. The statistical results of the experiments are presented by the distributions of the proportion of immersion of winter rye grains in water (ρzh = 1000 kg/m3) over the surface of the inclined plate from the angle α of its inclination to the horizon. It has been established that 100% immersion of the grains in water occurs at an angle of inclination of the plate of 60°. When developing a machine for the extraction of ergot from rye grain, the angle of inclination of the bath bottom must be taken at least 65° to the horizon for guaranteed immersion of grains in an aqueous solution of salt.

scholarly journals Study of ergot isolation from rye in an aqueous salt solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Viktor Saitov ◽  
Vyacheslav Farafonov ◽  
Aleksey Saitov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Aqueous Salt Solution ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Grain Losses

The aim of the research is to determine the effectiveness of ergot isolation and to estimate grain losses in waste when the cereal material is immersed in the stream material in water and an aqueous solution of salt of different densities ρzh from the specific grain load gsp. Practical experiments were carried out by feeding grain material of winter rye of Falenskaya 4 variety with a moisture content of 14% from a height of h = 60∙10-3 m into water and an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a density of 1030, 1060, 1090, 1120, 1150 and 1180 kg/m3. The variation of the specific grain load gsp was carried out according to the values of 0.674; 1.469; 2,871; 4.449 and 7.221 kg/(s∙m), which corresponded to the opening of the outlet window of the bunker of the experimental setup 10.0; 15.0; 20.0; 25.0 and 30.0∙10-3 m. The temperature of ambient air, water and an aqueous solution of salt was 200C. It has been established that the density ρzh of an aqueous salt solution has a greater influence on the result of the technological process than the specific grain load gsp. At a density ρzh of the aqueous solution of the salt of 1150 kg/m3, there is a 100% emergence of ergot sclerotia on the surface of the solution, and the losses of the PZ grain to the waste do not exceed 2,52%, which corresponds to the agrotechnical requirements for the final grain cleaning machines.

SYSTEM FOR SETTING PARAMETERS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF COMBINE HARVESTERS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Y. Adamcikova ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Tsarev ◽  
A.R. Kostrov ◽  
T.I. Vovk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Setting Parameters

The introduction of new precision farming technologies is carried out in order to ensure high reliability of combines, ease of operation and high efficiency. Each modern combine harvester must be equipped with an electronic system for effective control and management of the machine-an on-Board computer (BC), which would allow maintaining the uniformity of the grain mass flow and stabilizing the allocation of grain from the straw pile, with the agrophone changing in the field (yield, flatness, clogging, moisture content of grain and straw, etc.).

Relationships between cover performance and date of fall-seeding where winter rye was broadcast into a standing potato crop

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Linnell M. Edwards ◽  
John M. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Winter Ground ◽  
Post Harvest

Winter rye was broadcast into a potato crop just after topkilling with the object of avoiding post-harvest delays in establishing a winter ground cover. Rye treatments were interseeded (i) at intervals of 1 d for up to 10 d before potato digging, without post-harvest tillage and (ii) just after digging and preparatory seedbed tillage as a comparative standard. Generally, cover performance of rye, measured as plant count, tiller count or dry mass of plants showed significant (P < 0.05) increase with decreasing days to potato digging up to 3 or 4 d before digging. There was no sacrifice of rye cover using this inter-seeding approach compared with traditional post-(potato) harvest seeding in a prepared seedbed. Seeding 3–4 d before potato harvest is recommended on the basis of superior fall plant count, spring tiller count and shoot dry mass, and winter survival indices on either of these days.Key words: Cover crops, winter rye, winter survival, companion cropping

scholarly journals Soluble carbohydrates in cereal (wheat, rye, triticale) seed after storage under accelerated ageing conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Maciej Niedzielski ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽  
Wiesław Łuczak ◽  
Barbara Adomas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Seed Moisture

Germinability and the content of soluble carbohydrates were analysed in cereal seed (winter rye, cv. Warko; spring wheat, cv. Santa; hexaploid winter triticale, cv. Fidelio and cv. Woltario). Seed moisture content (mc) was equilibrated over silica gel to 0.08 g H<sub>2</sub>O/g dry mass and stored in a desiccator at 20<sup>o</sup>C for up to 205 weeks or were equilibrated to mc 0.06, 0.08 or 0.10 g H<sub>2</sub>O/g dm and subjected to artificial aging at 35<sup>o</sup>C in air-tight laminated aluminium foil packages for 205 weeks. It was shown that the rate of seed aging depended on the species and seed moisture content. The fastest decrease of germinability upon storage was observed in seed with the highest moisture level. Complete germinability loss for winter rye, winter triticale cv. Fidelio, winter triticale cv. Woltario and spring wheat seed with mc 0.10 g H<sub>2</sub>O/g dm<sup>3</sup> occurred after 81, 81, 101 and 133 weeks, respectively. Fructose, glucose, galactose, myo-inositol, sucrose, galactinol, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose were the main soluble carbohydrates found in the seed. The obtained data on the contents of specific sugars and the composition of soluble sugars fraction in seed of rye, wheat and triticale did not corroborate any profound effect of reducing sugars, sucrose and oligosaccharides on seed longevity.

QUALITY CHANGES OCCURRING IN SMALL LOTS OF DRY AND MOIST RAPESEED DURING STORAGE

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. MILLS
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Wallemia Sebi ◽  
Aspergillus Candidus ◽  
Seed Respiration

Small, 25-kg quantities of moist and dry Brassica napus L. ’Tower’ rapeseed were stored in drums located outdoors for 65 wk. Quality changes occurring in the moist (10.9–15.0% moisture content) rapeseed, which was deliberately allowed to spoil, were compared to those in dry (4.3–4.9% moisture content) seed. Moist seeds in the first 7 wk had high respiration and declined in quality during the 65 wk of storage as indicated by decreased seed germination, increased leakage of seed electrolytes, and increased free fatty acid (FAV) levels. Levels of post-harvest molds, including Aspergillus candidus, A. glaucus group species, A. versicolor, Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium and Wallemia sebi, also increased. Mycelia of P. verrucosum var. cyclopium caused seeds of 12.9–17.8% moisture content to become cemented together at the bottom of some drums necessitating removal of samples by chipping at 65 wk. Dry seeds, originally 11.2–12.2% moisture content before drying, had low seed respiration, high germination, low levels of most post-harvest molds but also moderate levels of P. verrucosum var. cyclopium and high FAV and therefore were also of low quality. Drying of the seeds occurred too late to prevent initial rapid loss in seed quality caused by seed enzymatic action and Penicillium activity; to be effective, drying of high moisture seeds should be carried out immediately after combining.

Improving the Accuracy of Electronic Moisture Meters for Runner-Type Peanuts

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
M. C. Lamb ◽  
C. L. Butts ◽  
P. D. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Peanut Kernel ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Weight Data

ABSTRACT Runner-type peanut kernel moisture content (MC) is measured periodically during curing and post harvest processing with electronic moisture meters for marketing and quality control. MC is predicted for 250 g samples of kernels with a mathematical function from measurements of various physical properties. To examine the accuracy of the function used in the Dickey-john GAC2100 for measuring MC of runner-type peanuts, 421 samples were measured with the meter and compared to oven MC data subsequently determined using ASAE Standard S410.1. Peanut moisture content for the peanuts according to the meter averaged 19.1% with a SD of 15.4%. Oven moisture contents had a mean of 17.3% and a SD of 8.5%. Means were significantly different (P  =  0.001). A calibration equation was derived from capacitance, conductance, temperature, and test weight data provided by the meter and compared to oven MC data. Moisture contents calculated from the calibration equation had a 17.3% mean and an 8.5% SD equaling values for oven determined moisture contents. Results of the study indicate that the accuracy of the meter in predicting moisture content can be improved considerably utilizing currently collected data and the derived calibration equation developed.

DEHARDENING OF WINTER WHEAT AND RYE UNDER SPRING FIELD CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Secale Cereale L

Changes in cold hardiness (LT50), fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content were measured on crowns of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) taken from the field at weekly intervals in the spring of 1973 and 1974 at Saskatoon, Sask. In all trials, Frontier rye came out of the winter with superior cold hardiness and maintained a higher level of hardiness during most of the dehardening period. For cultivars of both species, rapid dehardening did not occur until the ground temperature at crown depth remained above 5 C for several days. Changes in crown moisture content tended to increase during dehardening. Over this same period crown dry weight increased for winter rye but did not show a consistent pattern of change for winter wheat. Two test sites were utilized in 1974. One site was protected by trees and the other was exposed. General patterns of dehardening were similar for these two sites, but cultivar winter field survival potentials were reflected only by LT50 ratings for the exposed test site. The influence of fall seeding date on spring dehardening was also investigated. Late-seeded wheat plots did not survive the winter in all trials. However, where there was winter survival, no differences in rate of dehardening due to seeding date were observed.

scholarly journals Soil–geosynthetic inclined plane shear behavior: influence of soil moisture content and geosynthetic type

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Lurdes Lopes ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira ◽  
José Ricardo Carneiro ◽  
Castorina Silva Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Shear Behavior ◽  
Inclined Plane ◽  
Plane Shear

scholarly journals Pengaruh variasi kecepatan udara dan massa bahan terhadap waktu pengeringan jagung pada alat fluidized bed

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syahrul ◽  
R. Romdhani ◽  
Mirmanto Mirmanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Indonesia is an agricultural country that has many agricultural products so that post-harvest handling is necessary so that the crop is not quickly broken when stored or distributed. One harvests in Indonesia, which require post-harvest handling such as corn. Based on SNI, the maximum moisture content of corn feed raw material has a moisture content of 14%. The water content of the corn used is 20% with a tolerance of ± 0.5%. Variations air speed used is 5 m /s, 6 m /s and 7 m /s with a variation of the mass of material that is 0.5 kg, 1 kg, and 1.5 kg. With the variation of air velocity and mass of the material showed that the higher the speed of the air, the faster drying time. In addition, the heavier material is drained, it will take longer. Variations of air velocity and mass of materials that require the fastest drying time is the air speed of 7 m /s with a mass of 0.5 kg. Variations of air velocity and mass of material that takes the longest drying air is at a speed of 5 m / s with a mass of 1.5 kg of material.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption for Acceleration of the Upper Parts of Plants in the Interval between the Belt of the Upper Conveyor and the Deck

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
В.А. Николаев ◽  
В.В. Гумённый
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Design Version ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Required Quality

Задачей любого технологического процесса является выполнение заданной работы с необходимым качеством и наименьшими затратами энергии. При уборке зерновых культур зерноуборочными комбайнами наибольшие затраты энергии связаны с выделением зёрен из колосьев. Это обусловлено необходимостью протаскивания соломы через молотильное устройство. Чтобы выделить зёрна из колосьев методом вытирания, необходимо срезать только верхние части растений. Оставшиеся стебли соломы следует измельчать и, в зависимости от технологии, либо рассеивать по полю, либо погружать в транспортные средства для использования в животноводстве. Существуют два варианта исполнения устройства для извлечения зёрен из колосьев: с декой, совершающей колебания, и с неподвижной декой. Извлечение зёрен из колосьев методом вытирания, когда дека неподвижна, является энергетически более целесообразным в сравнении с вариантом конструктивного исполнения комбайна, у которого дека совершает колебания. После попадания верхней части растения в промежуток между лентой верхнего транспортёра и декой происходит её линейное и угловое ускорение. Как на линейное, так и на угловое ускорение верхней части растения расходуется энергия. В результате расчётов определена энергия, необходимая для ускорения верхних частей растений, расположенных на деке, и потребляемая мощность. The task of any technological process is to perform the specified work with the required quality and the lowest energy consumption. When harvesting grain crops with combine harvesters, the greatest energy costs are associated with the extract of grains from ears. This is due to the need to pull straw through the threshing device. To extract grains from ears by grinding, it is necessary to cut only the upper parts of plants. The remaining straw stems should be ground and depending on the technology either scattered across the field or loaded in vehicles for use in animal husbandry. There are two versions of the device for extracting grains from ears: with a deck making vibrations, and with a fixed deck. The extraction of grains from the ears by the grinding method when the deck is stationary is energetically more expedient compared to the design version of the combine in which the deck oscillates. After the upper part of the plant enters the gap between the belt of the upper conveyor and the deck its linear and angular acceleration occurs. Both linear and angular acceleration of the upper part of the plant consumes energy. As a result of the calculations, the energy necessary to accelerate the upper parts of plants located on the deck and the power consumption were determined.

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